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Failure of Feed Cock Studs 进料旋塞螺柱失效
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001457
{"title":"Failure of Feed Cock Studs","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001457","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The cover of a feed cock fitted to an economic boiler suddenly blew off and the plug lifted sufficiently to permit the escape of water. It was found that all four of the studs securing the cover had fractured. In each case fracture had occurred at the end of one of the screwed portions adjacent to the shank. The fractures were of a short nature, with no evidence of progressive cracking by fatigue, nor was there any sign of stretching prior to failure. The fractured faces and the shanks of the studs were of rusted appearance. Microscopic examination of the material showed it to be an austenitic nickel-chromium stainless steel, stabilized by titanium and of the free machining type. Multiple transgranular cracking characteristic of failure from stress-corrosion cracking, was present to an extensive degree. It was considered probable that there had been slight leakage of water from the valve over a period and evaporation resulted in a solution which favored failure from stress-corrosion cracking. If corrosion resistant studs were desired, those of bronze or Monel metal are to be preferred.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124742040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Pitting and MIC of Stainless Steel Piping 不锈钢管道的点蚀与MIC分析
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0091201
{"title":"Analysis of Pitting and MIC of Stainless Steel Piping","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0091201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0091201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Type 316L (UNS S31603) austenitic stainless steel piping was installed as part of a storm-sewer treatment collection system in a manufacturing facility. Within six months of start-up, leaks were discovered. Investigation (on-site current flow testing, visual inspection, water tests, and 5x/10x images etched in ASTM 89 reagent) supported the conclusion that the pitting in the austenitic stainless steel pipe was believed to be caused by damage to the passive layer brought about by a combination of MIC, high chloride levels, and high total dissolved solids. The low-flow and stagnant conditions present in the piping were primary contributors to the pit progression. Recommendations included replacing the pipe. Several alloys, nonmetallic materials, and lining materials were proposed for coupon testing to determine which would operate best in an environment with high levels of aerobic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129160450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overload Failure of a Bronze Worm Gear 青铜蜗轮的过载失效
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0090943
{"title":"Overload Failure of a Bronze Worm Gear","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0090943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0090943","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A very large diameter worm gear that had been in service in a dam for more than 60 years exhibited cracks and was removed. It was reported that the high-strength, low-ductility cast bronze gear was only rarely stressed during service, associated with infrequent opening and closing of gates. Due to the age of the gear and the time frame of its manufacture, no original material specifications or strength requirements could be located. Likewise, no maintenance records of possible repairs to the gear were available. Investigation (visual inspection, chemical analysis, tension and hardness testing, 119x SEM images, and potassium dichromate etched 297x metallographic images) supported the conclusion that the bronze gear cracked via mixed-mode overload, rather than by a progressive mechanism such as fatigue or stress-corrosion cracking. The cracking was not associated with regions that would be highly stressed and did not appear to be consistently correlated to casting imperfections, repair welds, or associated heat-affected zones. Cracking across the gear face suggested that bending forces from misalignment were likely responsible for the cracking. Recommendations included further review of the potential root cause.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134388750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wire Fractures in Suspension Cables of a Twisted Cable Suspension Bridge 扭缆悬索桥悬索桥缆索断裂
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001219
Karl Friedrich, F. Spies
{"title":"Wire Fractures in Suspension Cables of a Twisted Cable Suspension Bridge","authors":"Karl Friedrich, F. Spies","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During construction of a river bridge with 80 twisted cables, one or more fractures were found in each of 21 wires of 18 cables before assembly. All were located at the outside wrapping whose Z-profile wires were galvanically zinc-coated. It was suspected that hydrogen played a role during crack formation, and that it penetrated during pickling or galvanizing. This supposition was confirmed also by the fact that the wire fractures were not observed during cable winding, but only subsequently to it, and therefore seemed to have appeared only after a certain delay.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124223970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Failures of Upset Butt Welds in Hardenable High-Carbon Steel Wire Because of Martensite Formation and Poor Wire-End Preparation 可淬硬高碳钢丝因马氏体形成和丝端制备不良导致的对焊缝破坏
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0047694
{"title":"Failures of Upset Butt Welds in Hardenable High-Carbon Steel Wire Because of Martensite Formation and Poor Wire-End Preparation","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0047694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0047694","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extra high strength zinc-coated 1080 steel welded wire was wound into seven-wire cable strands for use in aerial cables and guy wires. The wires and cable strands failed tensile, elongation, and wrap tests, with wires fracturing near welds at 2.5 to 3.5% elongation and through the welded joints in wrap tests. The welded wire was annealed by resistance heating. The wire ends had a chisel shape, produced by the use of sidecutters. Tests of the heat treatment temperatures showed that the wire near the weld area exceeded 775 deg C (1425 deg F). Metallographic examination revealed martensite present in the weld area after the heat treatment. The test failures of the AISI 1080 steel wire butt-welded joints were due to martensite produced in cooling from the welding operation that was not tempered adequately in postweld heat treatment, and to poor wire-end preparation for welding that produced poorly formed weld burrs. The postweld heat treatment was standardized on the 760 deg C (1400 deg F) transformation treatment. The chisel shape of the wire ends was abandoned in favor of flat filed ends. The wrap test was improved by adopting a hand-cranked device. Under these conditions, the welded joints withstood the tensile and wrap tests.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124309949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Harvard Bridge Eyebar Failures 哈佛桥眼杆故障
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001147
R. F. Brodrick
{"title":"Harvard Bridge Eyebar Failures","authors":"R. F. Brodrick","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The century-old Harvard bridge spans the Charles River between Boston and Cambridge. About half of the 23 spans are suspended by wrought iron eyebars. Recent failures of some of these eyebars were examined. The primary cause of failure was the seizure of the joints at the eyebar pin locations as a result of the intrusion of water and salt, and the consequent heavy corrosion of the joint. The seizure of these joints led to high edgewise bending stress in the bars as the bridge underwent thermal movement. The cracking was enhanced by the presence of the corrosive medium so that the cracks were initiated and caused to grow by some combination of corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking, the former probably being predominant.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130056959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Failure Analysis of a Collapsed Roof 某坍塌顶板破坏分析
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001151
W. Bradley
{"title":"Failure Analysis of a Collapsed Roof","authors":"W. Bradley","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A portion of the roof of a single story building collapsed during a thunder storm. A failure analysis was conducted to determine whether this structural failure was due to improper design, substandard construction materials, faulty erection, or extreme weather conditions. The failure analysis consisted of an onsite inspection, macrofractographic examination of the fractures where the girders were welded to the columns, macrofractographic examination of the fractured trusses, metallographic examination of the girder and truss materials, chemical analysis of the low-carbon steel girder and truss materials, and mechanical testing of the truss material. It was concluded that substandard structural components in combination with faulty construction was responsible for this service failure.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129109797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tensile Fracture That Originated at Shrinkage Porosity in a Cast Low-Alloy Steel Connector 低合金钢铸造接头中因缩孔引起的拉伸断裂
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0089530
{"title":"Tensile Fracture That Originated at Shrinkage Porosity in a Cast Low-Alloy Steel Connector","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0089530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0089530","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A sand-cast steel eye connector used to link together two 54,430 kg capacity floating-bridge pontoons failed prematurely in service. The pontoons were coupled by upper and lower eye and clevis connectors that were pinned together. The eye connector was found to be cast from low-alloy steel conforming to ASTM A 148, grade 150-125. The crack was found to have originated along the lower surface initially penetrating a region of shrinkage porosity. It was observed that cracking then propagated in tension through sound metal and terminated in a shear lip at the top of the eye. The fracture of the eye connector was concluded to have occurred by tensile overload because of shrinkage porosity. Sound metal was ensured by radiographic examination of subsequent castings.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127911814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Failure of a Structural Bolt Due to Reversed-Bending Fatigue 结构螺栓反向弯曲疲劳失效研究
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0047113
{"title":"Failure of a Structural Bolt Due to Reversed-Bending Fatigue","authors":"","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0047113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c0047113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A portion of a 19 mm (0.75 in.) diam structural steel bolt was found on the floor of a manufacturing shop. This shop contained an overhead crane system that ran on rails supported by girders and columns. Inspection of the crane system revealed that the bolt had come from a joint in the supporting girders and could be considered one of the principal fasteners in the track system. Analysis (visual inspection, metallographic exam, and hardness testing) supported the conclusions that fatigue induced by the overhead movement of the crane produced failure of the bolt. The bolt was deficient in strength for the cyclic applied loads in this case and probably was not tightened sufficiently. Recommendations included removing the remaining bolts in the crane support assembly and replacing them with a higher-strength, more fatigue-resistant bolt, for example, SAE grade F, 104 to 108 HRB. The bolts should be tightened according to the specifications of the manufacturer, and the system should be periodically inspected for correct tightness.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126617747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrosion of Steel Pipes in a Closed-Loop Hot Water Heating System 闭环热水供暖系统中钢管的腐蚀
ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001701
A. Khan
{"title":"Corrosion of Steel Pipes in a Closed-Loop Hot Water Heating System","authors":"A. Khan","doi":"10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.bldgs.c9001701","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A closed-loop hot water heating system at a museum in South Carolina was the subject of failure evaluation. The system consisted of plain carbon steel pipes (Schedule 40) made of ASTM A 106 or A 53 (ERW or seamless). The supply and return lines were made of the same materials. The fittings were mechanically threaded assemblies. Temperatures ranged from 150 to 155 deg F (65.6 to 68.3 deg C). Leaks in the system had reportedly initiated immediately after the building had been placed in service. The cause of corrosion inside the steel pipes was attributed to tuberculation caused by oxygen concentration cells and oxygen-pitting related corrosion. Both types of corrosion are due to the poor quality of the water and the lack of corrosion control in the water system.","PeriodicalId":448888,"journal":{"name":"ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120927520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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