Japanese Studies最新文献

{"title":"Transpacific Convergences: Race, Migration, and Japanese American Film Culture before World War II","authors":"D. Miyao","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2141215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2141215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44772427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue on Youth and Democracy in Post-War Japanese Culture","authors":"T. Aoyama, B. Hartley","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2138299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2138299","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue examines representations and constructions of youth and democracy in literature, film, manga and other media aimed at, or featuring, children and young adults in the post-war period. How did the introduction of the new Constitution, freedom, equality, and democracy affect youth culture? How did writers, directors, artists, editors and readers or viewers deal with the defeat and the subsequent socio-economic and political changes? What kinds of media and activities were developed to disseminate the literature of the new era? Was there unambiguous discontinuity at the end of the war? Or is continuity evident in some aspects of the production, distribution, and reception of culture for young people? In other words, to what extent were the new policies – lauded by the post-war Constitution but often imposed in blunt-instrument fashion by Occupation authorities – resisted or at least modified for local hearts and minds by young and old alike? As Kenko Kawasaki and Laura Clark note in their contribution, furthermore, through disdain for popular culture – precisely the culture that appealed to the young – even ‘progressive intellectuals’ in the post-war era ‘failed to recognise’ those ‘elements of pre-war modernisation’ that were distinctly ‘separate from the post-war influence of the United States’ (Kawasaki and Clark, this issue). Each article in its own way scrutinises these critical issues of continuity and discontinuity, in addition to convention and innovation, while also considering the socio-cultural and political con-texts operating in the specific genres and texts presented. The project was initiated as a triple-panel for the 20th Biennial Conference of the Japanese Studies Association of Australia held at the University of Wollongong in 2017, the year that marked the seventieth anniversary of Japan’s post-war Constitution coming into effect. Under the conference theme of ‘Debating Democracy in Japan’, participants were invited to consider ‘the constitutional and legal system, democracy and civil society, the political economy of post-war Japan and the cultural imagining and reimagining of Japanese society over this period’. 1 As a group of researchers whose main field is literary studies, our panels aimed to contribute to the discussion of the","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"219 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42720532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Girls (and Boys) Debating Democracy in Aoi sanmyaku","authors":"Kawasaki Kenko, Laura Emily Clark","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2134100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2134100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Histories of democracy in modern Japan often position ‘democracy’ itself as an elite, introduced, inorganic facet of post-defeat Japan’s reconstruction by outside influences. However, analysis of discourses and texts prior to this revisionist narrative reveal a much more complex and continuous intellectual history at play. Ishizaka Yōjirō’s (1900–1986) run-away hit Aoi sanmyaku (Blue mountain range, 1947) was a timely and highly influential serialised work in The Asahi Shimbun, which was quickly republished as a novel and then adapted into a massively successful film in 1949. In this discussion the work both uses and challenges a feudalism versus democracy binary, and reveals strong intellectual continuities between prewar and post-war thinking regarding modernity. The work also challenges the positioning of relationships between school-age male and female students as a symbol of democracy and modernism in this era. Through Ishizaka’s use of debate and humour, this work is not an account of the failings of democracy, or its success, but rather an exploration of the tensions that emerge with attempts to implement these discourses.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"309 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44442195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Ruins of the Japanese Empire: Imperial Violence, State Destruction, and the Reordering of Modern East Asia","authors":"B. Sewell","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2136064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2136064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"359 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44689633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupting the Discourse of War: Nakai Hideo’s Youthful Template for a Free and Democratic Post-War Japan","authors":"B. Hartley","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2134099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2134099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines notions of democracy in the writing of post-war literary identity, Nakai Hideo (1922–1993). Although Nakai is known as a fantasy novelist, tanka poet/editor and essayist, the focus text here is Kanata yori (From afar), a diary produced during the final stages of the war. Entries were largely written while the future literary identity worked as a mobilised student in the Ichigaya offices of the Imperial Army General Staff Headquarters. Audaciously, given the writer’s war-time role, the work was scathingly critical of the military policies of the time. While written in wartime, the diary was not published until 1971. This situates the work squarely in the politico-literary space of the post-war era. Furthermore, the diarist undoubtedly longs for a future without the militarist authorities. Brief reference is also made to a 1969 fantasy text, 'Kokuchō-tan' (Odyssey of the Black Swan), which features a young twenty-something protagonist whom Nakai identified as his own young post-war self. Both works present as fertile territory for an investigation of youth and democracy in post-war Japan.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"295 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44780537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Tears to Laughter: Gender, Humour and Democracy in Ishii Momoko's Non-chan Kumo ni Noru","authors":"T. Aoyama","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2134097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2134097","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ishii Momoko (1907–2008) is arguably the most important and influential figure in Japanese children’s literature, not only as a prolific and award-winning writer and translator, but also as an editor of important series, a critic, and a pioneer of the children’s library movement. This article examines the significance of humour in her works, especially her acclaimed novel for children, Non-chan kumo ni noru (Little Non rides on the clouds, 1947), and its relationships with gender and democracy. The article first outlines Ishii’s activities in the pre-war, wartime, post-war and later periods, and the centrality of humour throughout her life. Despite the critical acclaim and popularity of her works, humour in Non-chan has been neglected in humour studies and studies of children’s literature. Through a detailed analysis of the quantity and quality of laughter in Non-chan, I argue that Ishii has skilfully depicted various functions of humour, including expression and sharing of merriment, consolation and diversion, healing, revelation, derision, protest and revolt. As Tsurumi Shunsuke (2001) theorised, humour has the potential to communicate with a diverse range of people and find democratic, non-violent solutions to what look like dark, desperate situations.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"259 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44629642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patriarchal Traces in Japanese Girls’ Fiction: Beyond the Loss of the Father to Patriarchal Mothers and Resistant Daughters","authors":"Yoriko Kume, Helen Kilpatrick","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2143334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2143334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As World War II ended and a new democratic society was beginning in Japan, significant changes were made to the patriarchal system, changes such as the recognition of women’s rights and the dismantling of the Japanese family system which in turn affected youth culture. Against this backdrop, particularly within the genre of shōjo shōsetsu (girls’ fiction), new representations of the father, mother and shōjo (girl) emerged. Portrayals reflected not only the loss of power experienced by patriarchal figures after the defeat, but also the rise of new patriarchal mothers and resistant daughters. This article traces how changes in depictions of patriarchal authority in the genre reflect not only masculine humiliation around the war defeat, but also a contemporaneous rise in mothers whose intervention in their daughters’ life decisions saw an increase in less compliant daughters. It demonstrates how, although post-war shōjo fiction was founded on the loss of the autocratic patriarch and has since struggled to depict a more co-operative family man, as reflected through the genre, the loss of the father figure also helped sow the seeds of new forms of womanhood, and of girlish resistance and independence. These elements reveal a continued fight for democratic freedoms in post-war Japan.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"227 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42855029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeds of Control: Japan’s Empire of Forestry in Colonial Korea","authors":"Chizuko T. Allen","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2138298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2138298","url":null,"abstract":"fundraising campaign to establish the company. The launch of the project coincided with a sabbatical year Shimodate spent in England at the University of Cambridge, where he studied how to produce and direct Shakespearean plays. A principal feature of Shimodate’s translations and adaptations (including The new Romeo and Juliet) is his use of the local Tohoku (northeast Japan) dialect – and a feature of his productions is ‘actors who [can] speak both standardized Japanese and the Tohoku dialect’ (31). For Shimodate, using Tohoku speech is necessary ‘to express a deeper and broader interpretation of Shakespeare’s world’ and ‘to create a new slant on Shakespeare’s plays both in Japan and abroad’ (32). The new Romeo and Juliet was staged for the first time beginning in November 2012 at various locations in northeast Japan that had yet to recover from the March 2011 triple disasters. The play was part of Shimodate’s newly conceived ‘Hot Spring Trilogy’, three adaptations of Shakespeare ‘whose main purpose’, as translator Fumiaki Konno writes, ‘was to bolster through entertainment the spirits of people in the areas devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake . . . [T]he three adaptations share three features: they are comedies, depict no death and are located in a hot spring setting’ (223). The two other plays in the trilogy were based on King Lear and The merchant of Venice. The translated adaptations and supporting material that make up Re-imagining Shakespeare in contemporary Japan amply fulfill the book’s aim ‘to introduce, contextualize and also reconsider the history and current practice of translating and adapting Shakespeare in Japan’ (1). As the example of The Shakespeare Company Japan’s The new Romeo and Juliet vividly illustrates, innovative approaches to the presentation of Shakespearean dramas are neither limited to artists working in major urban centers nor to artists working in circumstances that are ideal for cultural production. When asked about the future of his northeastJapan-based theatre company, Shimodate has movingly said: ‘I would like to build a theatre in Tohoku and . . . I would like to give children the chance to learn about the lingua franca that is Shakespeare and about dialects. Theatres in Tokyo have an urban character; I would like [my] theatre in Tohoku to be down-to-earth and filled with human warmth’ (234).","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"363 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49276107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death, Dreams and Democracy: A Shōjo-Ecofeminist Lens on Awa Naoko’s Post-War Fiction","authors":"Helen Kilpatrick","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2136632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2136632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Awa Naoko’s (1943–1993) folkloric fantasy for young people arose during a time of rapid post-war industrial and economic development in Japan. The pollution arising from this development generated an awareness of environmental degradation at the same time as there was a growing consciousness of the failed promises of gender equality. While Awa’s fantasies represent an instinctively eco-conscious rejection of the urban material world, their girl protagonists imaginatively subvert the systems which implicitly operate to marginalise them (and nature). As Awa’s animistic stories on nature and death mostly involve girls, my investigation combines ecofeminist and shōjo (girl) studies’ perspectives to explore these elements in two particular narratives, Shiroi ōmu no mori (The forest of white cockatoos) and Nagai haiiro no sukāto (The long grey skirt). Taking the narratives as a prescient denunciation of anthropocentric dualisms whose concepts and structures oppress both nature and women, it indicates how the behaviour of girl protagonists exposes both the tragedy of humanity’s separation from the natural world and constraints upon feminised concepts. It also reads the narratives as a shōjo-esque resistance to real-world restrictions, and demonstrates this resistance as an eco-conscious ethic of care against a more socially-inscribed (masculinist) utilitarian ethic.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"277 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44539383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph Youth and the Japanese Communist Party Youth Movement circa 1960: The Image of ‘Democracy’","authors":"T. Shimamura","doi":"10.1080/10371397.2022.2117689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2022.2117689","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1950, Cominform (the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties) criticised the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) for promoting ‘peaceful revolution’ under the Allied Occupation. The critique led to the so-called ‘1950 issue’, a period beset by ideological divisions, in which the JCP split, with one faction continuing to support ‘peaceful revolution’ and the other siding with Cominform’s views. Nuyama Hiroshi founded the magazine Gurafu wakamono (Graph Youth) in 1958 after a temporary respite to the 1950 issue. The magazine was aimed at the young people of Japan, and ran until 1971. Nuyama was regarded as an authority on cultural issues within the JCP and, in addition to being the first editor-in-chief of Gurafu wakamono, he led the ‘Dance for Dance’s Sake’ movement, sometimes referred to as the ‘Singing and Dancing Communist Party’. In 1966, during the lifetime of the magazine, Nuyama’s ideological differences regarding the Cultural Revolution in China led to his excommunication from the Communist Party. Drawing on material from the magazine itself, this article examines the democratic ideology promulgated by Gurafu wakamono and its successor magazine, also edited by Nuyama, with particular emphasis on editions published in the late 1950s and early 1960s.","PeriodicalId":44839,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"323 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44895185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}