Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health最新文献

French Colonialism and the Battle against the WHO Regional Office for Africa 法国殖民主义和反对世卫组织非洲区域办事处的斗争

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2016-12-07 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1613165

Jessica Pearson-Patel

引用次数: 6

Health Policies Require New Multidisciplinary Research 卫生政策需要新的多学科研究

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.16121103

P. G. Carvalho

{"title":"Health Policies Require New Multidisciplinary Research","authors":"P. G. Carvalho","doi":"10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.16121103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.16121103","url":null,"abstract":"The world trends in human life activity highlight that health is beyond a doctor, a hospital or an illness problem. Feeling healthy really impacts productivity and is also very important to fully understand human wellbeing, physical and mental personality, and consequently policies. In health policy the “diagnosis” is not always suitable and this will sometimes open incentives for wrong policy responses. According to Silva (2012), we should consider three important features relating to health policies in Portugal: sustainability and financial efficiency; equity in access and results and system quality. Taken as a whole, all the three features are connected with “cost” management. In fact, since the 1970’s in 20 Century Portugal, the National Health System was implemented as a democratic achievement guaranteeing free health access to every citizen, independent of race, socioeconomic or religious status. It was a democratic political decision after the revolutionary process within a context of economic expansion free of special financial constraints. Suddenly the health care system changed rapidly: higher salaries, a huge increase of new infrastructures and demand for health services and an exponential use of new and expensive technologies. If we link this to the new international and multinational sector of pharmacy and the changes in demographic trends, namely higher life expectancy rates and ageing society, we have the right environment where designing policies would include extremely delicate financial strategies. Furthermore, new physical and nutritional habits were induced through new technology based industries after World War II. The last 70 years brought","PeriodicalId":448368,"journal":{"name":"Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129573210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poliomyelitis in the City of Córdoba: Morbidity, Knowledge and the Research Performed by a Medical Elite in Argentinas Interior, 1943-1953 Córdoba市的脊髓灰质炎:发病率、知识和阿根廷内陆医疗精英进行的研究，1943-1953年

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1511133

A. Carbonetti, L. Aizenberg, M. L. Rodríguez

引用次数: 0

Guaman Poma de Ayala's “New Chronicle and Good Government” A testimony on the health of the Indigenous populations in XVIth century Peru 瓜曼·波玛·德·阿亚拉的《新编年史与善政》——16世纪秘鲁土著居民健康状况的见证

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1511147

A. M. Klohn, P. Chastonay

{"title":"Guaman Poma de Ayala's “New Chronicle and Good Government” A testimony on the health of the Indigenous populations in XVIth century Peru","authors":"A. M. Klohn, P. Chastonay","doi":"10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1511147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1511147","url":null,"abstract":"elipe Guaman Poma de Ayala’s illustrated autograph manuscript of nearly 1200 pages: Nueva coronica y buen gobierno (New Chronicle and Good Government), probably written between 1600 and 1615, has particular importance as a rich, in-depth account of early colonialism, seen in an indigenous perspective. The book is attested at the Royal Library of Denmark for more than two centuries. It is available online as a searchable digital edition. Guaman Poma’s work, addressed to King Philip III of Spain, was also explicitly intended for the hierarchy of the state and the church and for a more general public, both Spanish and native. Some critical messages are reserved to Quechua language speakers. A full-blooded native, Guaman Poma descended from members of an ethnic community, the mitmaqkuna, sent with special privileges by the Inka to settle a newly conquered area. His family, including the priest Martin de Ayala, his halfbrother and instructor, appears to have had a special linkage with the hospital of Huamanga (today: Ayacucho). This situation, as well as the proximity of mercury","PeriodicalId":448368,"journal":{"name":"Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130113587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poliomyelitis Vaccination Campaigns in Brazil Resulting in the Eradication of the Disease (1961-1994) 巴西脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种运动导致疾病根除(1961-1994年)

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1511131

D. R. Nascimento

引用次数: 13

Vulnerable populations and inequalities in sickness and in health: The rehabilitation of the disabled and/or invalids of the Spanish Civil War 弱势群体和疾病和健康方面的不平等:西班牙内战中残疾人和/或残废人的康复

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2012-01-16 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1091427

María-Isabel Porras-Gallo

引用次数: 1

Scientific Advice, Traditional Practices and the Politics of Health-Care : The Australian Debate over Public Funding of Non-Therapeutic Circumcision, 1985 科学咨询、传统做法和保健政治:澳大利亚关于非治疗性包皮环切公共资金的辩论，1985年

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2011-12-19 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1110253

R. Darby

{"title":"Scientific Advice, Traditional Practices and the Politics of Health-Care : The Australian Debate over Public Funding of Non-Therapeutic Circumcision, 1985","authors":"R. Darby","doi":"10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1110253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1110253","url":null,"abstract":"ustralia is unusual among comparable developed nations in providing automatic coverage for non-therapeutic circumcision of male infants and boys through a nationally funded health insurance system. This is despite at least one attempt to drop circumcision from the schedule of benefits payable under the scheme (now known as Medicare), and it is surprising given that relevant health authorities have repeatedly stated (1971, 1983, 1996, 2002, 2004 and 2010) that ‘routine’ circumcision has no valid medical indication and should not generally be performed. Since public hospitals in most states do not provide the surgery, it has become the province of private hospitals, general practitioners and, in recent years, specialist clinics, whose activities are subsidised through Medicare. Australian practice is thus very different from that in comparable countries. In New Zealand the government health service has never funded circumcision; and in Canada it is funded only in the province of Manitoba. Even in the United States, where policy on Medicaid coverage is also the responsibility of the states, 17 out of the 50 have dropped circumcision from the list of free procedures, and more are likely to do so as fiscal constraints intensify. The British National Health Service has traditionally not covered non-therapeutic circumcision, though in recent times has come under pressure from Muslim and some African immigrant groups, who argue that publicly funded circumcision of their male children is essential to prevent parents from resorting to the services of incompetent operators. In some areas local authorities do perform the operation as a free service, but the question is unsettled and the focus of controversy. In predominantly Muslim countries, where circumcision is performed as a customary or religious ritual, the state does not fund","PeriodicalId":448368,"journal":{"name":"Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116568768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malaria and Public Health Measures in Colonial Urban Zanzibar, 1900-1956 1900-1956年桑给巴尔殖民地城市的疟疾和公共卫生措施

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2011-12-19 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1110235

A. Issa

{"title":"Malaria and Public Health Measures in Colonial Urban Zanzibar, 1900-1956","authors":"A. Issa","doi":"10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1110235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.1110235","url":null,"abstract":"arly twentieth century environmental and sanitary engineering campaigns implicated three major areas in Zanzibar. As records from the Department of Medicine and Public Health and other administrative files from the Provincial Administration Department and Public Works Department show, they included the reclamation of the Creek and swampy ground. The filling of natural depressions caused by quarrying works started from 1930. These measures were a response to the growing medical understanding that malaria was spread by mosquitoes. From the early twentieth century, Zanzibar decided to embark on anti-malarial campaigns which focussed on controlling both Anopheles gambiae and A. funestus. These two malaria species bred in swamps, banks of rivers, potholes, shallow depressions, in hoof-prints of cattle, earthen jars, sailing boats, canoes, lighters, borrow-pit and flooded rice-fields. In 1913, the Colonial Office sent Professor W. J. Ritchie Simpson, a British physician and a pioneer in tropical medicine, to visit British colonies in East Africa. Simpson, who formerly worked as a health officer for Calcutta, India in the 1890s and was a founder of the Journal of Tropical Medicine in 1898, was from 1913 an advisor of the Secretary of State for the Colonies on health matters. He visited Zanzibar, Kenya and Uganda to investigate health conditions, and to propose measures to be taken to improve health of the “native” population, (Indians, Arabs and Africans). Simpson’s survey confirmed that mosquitoes bred during rainy seasons. He recommended to the Zanzibar authorities that they refill the Creek in order to stop epidemics. The anti-malarial works that focused on reclamation of land and swamps had just started in the United States of America. Since the early 1900s, the United States had been involved in the campaigns against yellow fever in the Panama Canal area.","PeriodicalId":448368,"journal":{"name":"Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122665204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Sri Lanka’s Health Unit Program: A Model of “Selective” Primary Health Care 斯里兰卡保健单位方案:"选择性"初级保健模式

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2011-12-19 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.111027

S. Hewa

{"title":"Sri Lanka’s Health Unit Program: A Model of “Selective” Primary Health Care","authors":"S. Hewa","doi":"10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.111027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.111027","url":null,"abstract":"hirty years ago vigorous debates on primary health care articulated at least two main approaches to health promotion in developing countries. The Alma-Ata Declaration of the World Health Organization (WHO) kicked off the debate in 1978 by urging all nations to promote health through primary health care. Reaffirming the 1946 WHO charter that recognized health as a “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being,” the Declaration recommended a comprehensive primary health care program, which included at least the following key sectors: “education to inform prevailing health problems and measures to control them, food security and improved nutrition, supply of clean water and sanitary services, maternal and child care services including family planning, immunization against communicable diseases, the control of locally endemic disease, and the supply of essential drugs for critical health problems.” In allocating resources to these key sectors of the primary health care, the Declaration recommended, countries must ensure “equality,” “affordability” and “community participation.” An alternative to this approach was promoted mainly by the representatives of the United States Agency for International Development, the Rockefeller Foundation and the World Bank who argued that comprehensive primary health care would be prohibitively costly to implement for most nations. One of the","PeriodicalId":448368,"journal":{"name":"Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health","volume":"1241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122882155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Arrival and Diffusion of Academic Medicine in Rural Sweden: The Case of the Sundsvall Region in the late Nineteenth Century 学术医学在瑞典乡村的到来和传播:以19世纪后期的松兹瓦尔地区为例

Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health Pub Date : 2011-01-24 DOI: 10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.111017

S. Curtis

{"title":"The Arrival and Diffusion of Academic Medicine in Rural Sweden: The Case of the Sundsvall Region in the late Nineteenth Century","authors":"S. Curtis","doi":"10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.111017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/HYGIEA.1403-8668.111017","url":null,"abstract":"his study examines the numerous logistical, cultural and psychological obstacles that midwives had to overcome before women in the Sundsvall region of Sweden would entrust them to deliver their infants. By extension, this analysis reveals the tenuous position academic medicine had in many remote villages. These well-trained women benefitted from numerous pieces of legislation designed to enable them to replace the help-women who remained their greatest rivals. None the less, trained doctors and midwives often encountered resistance among local populations. Historians have tended to focus attention on the work of individual physicians and the consequences of government intervention without paying much attention to the patients themselves and the reasons they either accepted or rejected the people sent to provide medical care. This paper represents an attempt to address this imbalance by suggesting how theories of diffusion, concepts of trust, and perceptions of risk can help us understand the decisions made by people confronted with new medical practitioners. Diffusion theory provides an opportunity to illuminate the process by which the acceptance of academic medicine, here represented by an increased willingness to have midwives attend births, diffused through the Sundsvall region of Sweden during the second half of the nineteenth century. Certainly the role of formal legislation, medical associations, and the practices of individual medical practitioners were critical to the introduction of new innovations. No one should dismiss the integral role these agents played in making academic medicine available to the public. Unfortunately, historians have tended to place less atten-","PeriodicalId":448368,"journal":{"name":"Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for The History of Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125479023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5