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Borrowed Agency: The Institutional Capacity of the Early Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 借用的代理:早期平等就业机会委员会的制度能力
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030622000379
J. Woodward
{"title":"Borrowed Agency: The Institutional Capacity of the Early Equal Employment Opportunity Commission","authors":"J. Woodward","doi":"10.1017/s0898030622000379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Borrowed capacity builds upon institutional capacity scholarship to discuss how interactions between government agencies and interest groups can increase agency resources and scope during agency formation and development. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission scholars often note the lack of capacity to implement Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 during the first years of the agency. I argue that current assessments of the agency’s capacity between 1965 and 1968 are incomplete by expanding the definition of capacity to include borrowed and nontraditional forms of capacity, reviewing congressional allocations to the agency and agency budgets, and considering the active roles state and local agencies as well as interest groups played in the early implementation of Title VII. I demonstrate the agency amassed not only claims but also capacity during its early years.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"195 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42057133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Contributors 贡献者
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000015
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000015","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136181490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department’s Immigration Enforcement Functions, 1933–1940: “Going against the Grain” – CORRIGENDUM 劳工部长Frances Perkins重组其部门的移民执法职能，1933年至1940年：“反其道而行”——CORRIGENDUM
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000027
Neil V. Hernandez
{"title":"Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department’s Immigration Enforcement Functions, 1933–1940: “Going against the Grain” – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"Neil V. Hernandez","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"307 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44773217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Consult, Why Consent? Employers in Concertation Platforms Facing Welfare State Expansion in the Netherlands, 1920–1960 为什么咨询，为什么同意？1920–1960年，荷兰面临福利国家扩张的协同平台中的雇主
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030622000306
Jeroen Touwen
{"title":"Why Consult, Why Consent? Employers in Concertation Platforms Facing Welfare State Expansion in the Netherlands, 1920–1960","authors":"Jeroen Touwen","doi":"10.1017/S0898030622000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000306","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes the attitudes of Dutch employers toward social policy in the early twentieth century. Recent literature has evolved from an emphasis on power to an emphasis on preferences. Moving away from the traditional view that unions and social democrats forced social laws on employers, recent scholars suggest that firms saw specific advantages in the introduction of social laws. However, I show that the attitudes of Dutch business representatives, rather than seeking these specific advantages, merely reflected a willingness to consult, inspired by their macroeconomic view. Employers expressed the wish to attain an organized form of capitalism and accepted regulated forms of codetermination. Once the consultative platforms were in place, employers pursued strategic goals, such as labor peace and disciplining the unions. This paved the way for accepting welfare state expansion. In sum, mid-twentieth century business interests were strongly oriented toward coordinated capitalism.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"254 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49476230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Unlikely Heroes of Progressive Taxation: CEOs’ Support for Bill Clinton’s Tax Increase Package in 1993 不太可能的累进税英雄:1993年首席执行官们对比尔·克林顿增税计划的支持
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S089803062200032X
Seito Hayasaki
{"title":"The Unlikely Heroes of Progressive Taxation: CEOs’ Support for Bill Clinton’s Tax Increase Package in 1993","authors":"Seito Hayasaki","doi":"10.1017/S089803062200032X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S089803062200032X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On August 10, 1993, President Bill Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, one of the largest fiscal deficit-reduction packages in US fiscal history. This law raised the top individual income tax rate from 31% to 39.6%, which increased the average effective tax rate for high-income earners and shifted the federal fiscal balance from deficit to surplus by the end of the century. Given major business interest groups’ criticism of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993’s heavy reliance on tax increases over spending cuts, how was the Democrat-controlled Congress able to pass this legislation? Drawing on archival evidence from the Clinton Presidential Library, this paper shows that the administration and Democratic committee chairs mobilized support from corporate CEOs, including Fortune 500 executives, asking them to lobby key legislators to support the bill. Thus, with business leaders’ support and lobbying efforts, the legislation was passed with a very slight majority.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"219 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41618968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JPH volume 35 issue 2 Cover and Front matter JPH第35卷第2期封面和封面问题
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s089803062300009x
{"title":"JPH volume 35 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s089803062300009x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089803062300009x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48629717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conflict over Congressional Reapportionment: The Deadlock of the 1920s 国会重新分配的冲突:20世纪20年代的僵局
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030622000355
Nicholas G. Napolio, J. Jenkins
{"title":"Conflict over Congressional Reapportionment: The Deadlock of the 1920s","authors":"Nicholas G. Napolio, J. Jenkins","doi":"10.1017/S0898030622000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000355","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1929, Congress passed a law capping the US House of Representatives at 435 seats, delegating the power to reapportion to the Executive Branch, and empowering state legislatures to redistrict with few federal limitations. The 1929 law was a compromise after nearly ten years of squabbling over how to apportion pursuant to the 1920 Census. In this article, we consider the apportionment debates of the 1920s both to better understand the politics of the era and to draw lessons that might apply to a potential reapportionment debate today. Throughout the decade, partisanship and political self-interest structured members’ votes on reapportionment. The legislation that eventually passed resulted from a compromise that greatly empowered state legislatures to redistrict freely by removing federal requirements that had been in effect since the 1870s, effectively shifting the battle over congressional representation from one over reapportionment in Congress to one over redistricting in the states.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"91 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42923828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department’s Immigration Enforcement Functions, 1933–1940: “Going against the Grain” 劳工部长弗朗西丝·珀金斯重组移民执法职能，1933-1940年:“逆行逆施”
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030622000392
Neil V. Hernandez
{"title":"Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department’s Immigration Enforcement Functions, 1933–1940: “Going against the Grain”","authors":"Neil V. Hernandez","doi":"10.1017/S0898030622000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000392","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Labor Secretary Frances Perkins championed liberal immigration policies between 1933 and 1940. Some efforts were successful, but most were not due to political, economic, and social constraints on immigration policy making, especially in Congress. Yet, she reorganized the enforcement functions of her department when she created the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Narratives abound about the period, though few delve into this reorganization. In this article, I share an analytical framework that I developed, “policy innovation through bureaucratic reorganization,” to explain how Perkins temporarily eased the debarments, as well as deportations, of newcomers by adjusting agency resources, including staffing, budget, and infrastructure. I describe how she responded to pressures from immigration restrictionists by tightening these functions. My narrative adds to the literature on immigration policy history, which has not fully appreciated the role of bureaucratic reorganization. This research bolsters the perspective in political control theory that bureaucratic structure merits as much attention as does legislation as a tool for control.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"33 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
States of Immigration: Making Immigration Policy from Above and Below, 1875–1924 移民国家:从上到下制定移民政策，1875-1924
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030622000343
R. Jacobson, D. Tichenor
{"title":"States of Immigration: Making Immigration Policy from Above and Below, 1875–1924","authors":"R. Jacobson, D. Tichenor","doi":"10.1017/S0898030622000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000343","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For nearly 150 years, the Supreme Court has denounced jurisdictional ambiguities in immigration policy, regularly striking down state laws as unconstitutional intrusions on the federal government’s “broad, undoubted power.” Most scholarship on the historical evolution of US immigration policy has followed suit, rendering invisible the role of state governments and federalism in immigration policy during the crucial, transformative decades of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. This article redresses these silences by spotlighting the aggressive state policy activism and critical intergovernmental negotiations over how to control immigration and noncitizens from the 1870s to the 1920s. Focusing on two older, eastern seaboard states—Maryland and Virginia—and two newer, southwestern states—Arizona and New Mexico—these historical case studies show how subnational immigration initiatives were fueled by distinctive local and regional labor need and racial landscapes. This article also identifies and illuminates distinct forms of autonomous, interdependent, insistent, and validated activism by states in immigration federalism.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44854179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Remembering Welfare as We Knew It: Understanding Neoliberalism through Histories of Welfare 记住我们所知道的福利:通过福利史理解新自由主义
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030622000318
Amy Zanoni
{"title":"Remembering Welfare as We Knew It: Understanding Neoliberalism through Histories of Welfare","authors":"Amy Zanoni","doi":"10.1017/S0898030622000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The political transformation that culminated in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act fueled scholarly interest in welfare history. As politicians dismantled welfare, scholars discovered long histories of raced and gendered social control, intertwined public and private interests, and fixations on work and personal responsibility. They also recovered more promising possibilities of cash assistance. This article examines foundational welfare histories published between 1971 and 2018. I suggest that this somewhat isolated body of work has shed bright light on the history of neoliberalism from the perspective of people never fully included into social citizenship. It exposes how neoliberalism is and is not different from mid-century liberalism and recovers a long history of resistance. In an era when few talk about cash assistance, welfare historiography is vital for restoring fading memory of its redistributive potential.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"35 1","pages":"118 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45241028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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