Albus Scientia最新文献

{"title":"BPA; An Endocrine Disruptor Induced Biochemical Changes and Histopathological Damage in the Kidneys of Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)","authors":"N. Hameed, T. Akhtar, N. Sheikh","doi":"10.56512/as.2023.1.e230628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2023.1.e230628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Background: Xenoestrogens are chemical compounds that are similar to estrogen in effect but not in structure. Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor, that mimics the action of endogenous estrogen and activates the estrogen receptor. It is produced in large volumes and incorporated in many plastic industries worldwide. BPA is extensively used in food and beverages. The ubiquitous and extensive use of BPA containing products results in high human exposure, and its effects on the human body are of great concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of BPA on biochemical and histopathological parameters of the kidney.\u0000Material and Methods: Forty adult male rats were assigned into five groups of eight rats each. One group was served as a control and other groups were treated with BPA. Rats were administered orally with different doses of BPA 10mg/Kg and 25mg/Kg for 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. All doses of BPA were dissolved in corn oil and orally administered to rats. After 6 and 12 weeks, blood and kidney samples were collected for evaluation of biochemical parameters and histopathological analyses.\u0000Results: Serum levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased, and uric acid levels in serum were increased but not significantly. The biochemical parameters variations were confirmed by histopathological investigations. BPA induced toxicity may lead to harmful health effects.\u0000Conclusion: Results showed that the oral administration of BPA significantly affects biochemical parameters and renal tissue architecture.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116186725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoalbuminemia in COVID-19: Molecular and Mechanistic Approach","authors":"Ali Afzal, Sara Shahzaman, Arwa Azam, Usman Ghani, Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nimra Afzal, Muhammad Idnan, Ume Habiba, Muhammad Abu Talha Safdar Hashmi, Syeda Eisha Hamid, Rimsha Naseem","doi":"10.56512/as.2023.1.e230606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2023.1.e230606","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoalbuminemia is a clinical feature of COVID-19 which is caused by a multitude of processes in COVID-19, including acute liver damage (ALI), oxidative burst, viral-albumin binding, dysregulated immunological responses, and viral genome interference in the host cell, all of which lead to organ failure and patient mortality. We used a mechanistic approach to discuss a number of potential molecular mechanisms that cause hypoalbuminemia, as well as some effective treatment methods. As this study employs molecular approaches to characterize hypoalbuminemia, this work is promising in molecular medicine and drug development.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114215961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in serum Thyroid and Reproductive hormone levels in occupationally exposed pesticides sprayers","authors":"Nimra Naveed, Uswa Javed, B. Fatima, Usama Atiq, Shaaf Ahmad, Kaleem Maqsood, M. A. Iqbal, N. Roohi","doi":"10.56512/as.2023.1.e230504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2023.1.e230504","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pesticides contain endocrine disrupting chemicals that have potential to perturb the normal thyroid and reproductive hormone axis. The aim of present study was to estimate the variations in serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) tetra-iodothyronine (T4) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone levels in occupationally exposed pesticide sprayers in comparison to controls. \u0000Methods: For this purpose, blood samples of (n=50) pesticide sprayers were collected from District Layyah, south Punjab, Pakistan. Whereas, samples (n=25) of healthy control subjects were obtained from University of the Punjab, Lahore. Levels of T3, T4, TSH and testosterone in the serum were estimated by ELISA technique. The data obtained was analyzed by applying Un-paired Student “t” test at with significance level of P < 0.05. Graph pad prism version 6.0 software was utilized for statistical interpretation. \u0000Results: Pronounced (P < 0.0001) decrease of both T3 and T4, whereas, a significant increase in TSH (P = 0.005) level was evidenced in pesticide sprayers as compared to controls. Moreover, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) was noted in the level of testosterone in pesticide sprayers as compared to controls. \u0000Conclusion: Pertinently, the pesticides are a potent source of inducing imbalances in T3, T4, TSH, and testosterone secretion. Pesticide sprayers are, therefore, recommended to use prophylactic measures like wearing face masks and opt safer protocols in order to avoid direct hazardous exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128800643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D: A Ray of Hope in Combating COVID-19‎","authors":"Abdullah Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Babar Khawar, Ali Afzal, Muhammad Idnan, Sjawal Arshad, Ume Habiba, Syeda Esha Hamid, Sara Shahzaman, Nayab Shahid, Muhammad Ahsan Ashraf, Momna Ramzan","doi":"10.56512/as.2023.1.e230318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2023.1.e230318","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is the current global pandemic. As it spreads at an exponential and precipitous rate, it causes significant organ damage, which can potentially lead to death. Although there appears to be no specific cure or resistance to this outbreak, the use and administration of Vitamin D (VD) supplements is still a viable option, as evidenced by numerous clinical trials, studies, and observations. The results of the previous investigation have revealed that people with COVID-19 had reduced levels of VD, especially those with severe and critical diseases. The arrangement of receptors such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-II) is altered by VD. As a result, it plays an important role in immune system responses to cytokine storms and interleukins. This review aims to uncover and explain how VD might help in combating COVID-19 and possibly hold the key to minimizing its hazard in the light of currently available therapeutic strategies. Finally, we compare and contrast other researcher’s approaches to VD and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124802203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha Lipoic Acid Ameliorates the Artificial Sugar Induced Injury to the Female Reproductive Organs of Mice","authors":"Hira Ashfaq, Asma Rashid Khan, M. Abbasi, Asif Mehmood Qureshi, M. Waqar, Kainat Bilal, Khansa Bajwa","doi":"10.56512/as.2023.1.e230131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2023.1.e230131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High Fructose Corn syrup (HFCS) is one of the most common artificial sweetener widely used in many food stuff. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant that reduces the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).\u0000Aim of the study:  The aim of the study was to find out, whether alpha lipoic acid can mitigate the toxic effect of High Fructose Corn syrup (HFCS) on the female reproductive organ.\u0000Materials and Methods: 30 female mice were equally divided into three groups. Dose group HFCSI was administrated with 25% HFCS, while dose group HFCSII was administrated with 25%HFCS and 35mg/ kg of BW ALA for 30 days. After stipulated time, mice were sacrificed to remove ovaries for the final study.\u0000Results: Histological studies showed following defects in the ovaries of dose group CS I i.e. granulosa cells having less intact oocytes, injured primordial follicles, Cysts development, degraded oocyte and a reduced count of follicles and disarrangements of Tunica albuginea and ovarian surface epithelium. While treatment with ALA reduced the ovarian damage by improving the histopathological changes caused by HFCS.\u0000 Conclusion: The findings of this research project showed that consumption of HFCS resulted in  rise  in oxidative stress (OS) and  distorted ovarian morphology, that is histologically approved. A combined recovery with alpha Lipoic acid has also been evident and found to be  more efficient to improve reproductive pathologies, normal count of follicles, oxidative stress (OS), and histopathological score.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133058809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collagen: An Overview from Past to Future Applications","authors":"Fakhar Zaman, Muhammad Waqas Ishaq, Abdullah Muhammad Sohail","doi":"10.56512/as.2022.2.e221115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2022.2.e221115","url":null,"abstract":"Collagen, a structural protein, prevalent in animals, especially in skin, bones, and joints, responsible for providing fundamental structural support, is being used extensively in cosmetics. Mammalian and fish skin are the most common sources of collagen. Collagen's unique qualities, such as its role as a natural humectant and moisturizer for the skin, have piqued the curiosity of both academics and the cosmetic industry. In this review study, collagen biosynthesis, collagen sources used in the cosmetic industry, and collagen's function in cosmetics are discussed along with future aspects of collagen-based materials in cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128221136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psoriasis, An Overview of its Pathogenesis and Available Treatment Modalities","authors":"Zari Salahuddin, Muhammad Usman Ali Khan, T. Akhtar","doi":"10.56512/as.2022.2.e221030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2022.2.e221030","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and genetic disease that mainly involves skin with some complicated forms extending to other body systems. The disease is fairly common with genetic predisposition as one of the major etiology. It is known to occur as a result of immune system aberration involving helper T cells mainly and is thus treated on similar lines with most of the drugs belonging to immunomodulator class like steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, methotrexate and various others like retinoids. Disease pathology has a new area of research advancement focused on oxidative stress. It has been suggested that reactive oxygen species have a considerable role in the cascade of pathological features. The disease shows relapses and remissions seldom showing a remarkable or complete recovery. A therapy which can completely resolve the cosmetic and other important symptoms is still a food for research. The dimensions of research have also been inclined to nano particles as treatment options over past few years. In this review, our key objective is to highlight the complexity and clinical diversity of this multifaceted disorder, its pathogenesis and the potential of state of the art treatment options.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128273073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological Patterns and Biochemical Markers in Serum of Uterine Leiomyoma Patients","authors":"Sundas Akram, Amaila Akmal, Shaaf Ahmad, Husna Ahmad, N. Roohi","doi":"10.56512/as.2022.2.e221025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2022.2.e221025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are exceedingly common reproductive neoplasms with foremost public health impact. A cross-sectional study was performed to systematically investigate the marker enzymes, clinicopathological correlations, and electrolyte profile in myoma \u0000Method: This study enrolled 44 control and 46 leiomyoma subjects, aged 21- 50 years. Anthropometric parameters, detailed history of disease and clinicopathological outcomes were documented via a standardized questionnaire followed by uterine ultrasound investigation. Venous blood samples were taken for the measurement of marker enzymes and serum electrolyte concentration with commercially accessible kits \u0000Results: In the age group between 30-40 years high incidence of myoma (43.5%) was found. Majority of fibroids were observed single (52%) and Intramural uterine fibroids were found more common type (61%) of leiomyomas. Menorrhagia was frequent clinical demonstration with 63% leiomyoma cases. In 26% myoma women positive family history of leiomyomas was also observed. A significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass index (BMI) while in parity a significant decrease was recorded in leiomyoma patients in comparison with controls. Serum electrolytes investigation revealed a substantial increase in the calcium (Ca2+) as well as chloride (Cl–) concentration and significant drop in potassium (K+) concentration in myoma subjects when compared to the controls. While for serum sodium (Na+) concentration, a non-significant difference was documented between comparable groups. Analysis of marker enzymes manifested a significant increase in the serum concentration of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in fibroid patients in comparison to controls whereas non-significant variations were recorded for serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration.\u0000Conclusion: A reduced serum K+ concentrations and raised Ca2+, Cl–and Na+ levels in the leiomyoma patients illustrate increased estrogen concentration, that may be responsible for fibroid growth and serum concentration of AST, ACP and ALP are sustainable diagnostic markers of uterine fibroids.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Lipid Variation in Patients with Dengue Virus Infection and Associated Risks of Cardio Vascular Disorder","authors":"Maira Awan, Kaleem Maqsood, Shaaf Ahmad, Husna Ahmad, M. A. Iqbal, N. Roohi","doi":"10.56512/as.2022.2.e221003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2022.2.e221003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is a most prevalent arbovirus with about 100 million infections worldwide every year. It is endemic in the subtropical and tropical areas in the world, an emerging public health threat. Serum lipidome is a key player in the immune system response of the patient for the period of dengue fever. This study was aimed to assess the lipids deviations in serum of patients with dengue fever. \u0000Materials and Methods: Three For this case-control study blood samples of N=65 dengue patients of age ≥18 year were collected from the Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Whereas samples of 45 healthy individuals were collected from the University of the Punjab, Lahore. Blood samples from subjects were collected to analyze serum lipidome. \u0000Results: Significantly (P < 0.001) increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein while a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in high density lipoprotein was observed in the dengue patient’s serum in contrast to the control. \u0000Conclusion: We can conclude that DENV infection can contribute to dyslipidemia with subsequent cardiovascular disorder symptoms. Therefore, patients infected with DENV should monitor their serum lipid profiles to deal with DENV induced effects to the cardiovascular physiology.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129351208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Chronic Effects of Sodium Metabisulfite on the Intestinal Microarchitecture of Mice","authors":"S. Fatima, Hussain Khan, A. Majid, M. Atif, Azka Zafar, Adil Farooq, Muhammad Fahad Baig, Asma Khan","doi":"10.56512/as.2022.2.e220915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56512/as.2022.2.e220915","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sodium metabisulfite (SM) is commonly used with varying concentrations as a preservative, sewage treatment chemical, and in other commercial consumer products etc. It is reported to pose series of health hazards affecting various vital organs. The current study was aimed to find histological alterations in the intestine with sub-chronic exposure of SM in albino mice.\u0000Materials and Methods: Ten mice were orally given SM (1.2 mg/kg mixed in 0.1 ml corn oil) for 21 days while ten mice were kept in the control group (no SM). All the mice were dissected, and small intestine pieces were excised and processed for histological sectioning and staining.\u0000Results: SM disrupts the outer wall of villi and microvilli of the small intestine. Moreover, a narrow lumen and few mitotic figures were seen in the intestinal glands.\u0000Conclusion: The results concludes that SM is a potential source of major organ’s defects and hence its usage should be lessened to improve the health status.","PeriodicalId":447991,"journal":{"name":"Albus Scientia","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}