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Boosting read-ahead efficiency for improved user experience on mobile devices 提高预读效率,改善移动设备上的用户体验
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1145/3373400.3373412
Y. Liang, Yajuan Du, Chenchen Fu, Riwei Pan, Liang Shi, C. Xue
{"title":"Boosting read-ahead efficiency for improved user experience on mobile devices","authors":"Y. Liang, Yajuan Du, Chenchen Fu, Riwei Pan, Liang Shi, C. Xue","doi":"10.1145/3373400.3373412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373400.3373412","url":null,"abstract":"Read-ahead schemes of page cache have been widely used to improve read performance of Linux systems. As Android system inherits the Linux kernel, traditional read-ahead schemes are directly applied in mobile devices. However, read request sizes and page cache sizes in mobile devices are much smaller than other platforms, which may decrease read-ahead efficiency and hurt user experience. The read-ahead efficiency is defined as hit pages / all pre-fetched pages in a sequential read. To study the efficiency of traditional read-ahead in mobile devices, this paper first observes that many pre-fetched pages are unused in page cache, which causes high page cache eviction ratio with high extra access latency. Then, this paper analyzes the factors that closely relate to the access latency. It is found that there exists a trade-off between read-ahead size and access latency. A size-tuning scheme is then proposed to explore this trade-off. Experimental results on real mobile devices have shown that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of pre-fetched pages and improve the efficiency of read-ahead without decreasing the page cache hit ratio.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121247462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Container-based real-time scheduling in the Linux kernel Linux内核中基于容器的实时调度
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1145/3373400.3373405
Luca Abeni, Alessio Balsini, T. Cucinotta
{"title":"Container-based real-time scheduling in the Linux kernel","authors":"Luca Abeni, Alessio Balsini, T. Cucinotta","doi":"10.1145/3373400.3373405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373400.3373405","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in supporting component-based software development of complex real-time embedded systems. Techniques such as machine virtualisation have emerged as interesting mechanisms to enhance the security of these platforms, while real-time scheduling techniques have been proposed to guarantee temporal isolation of different virtualised components sharing the same physical resources. This combination also highlighted criticalities due to overheads introduced by hyper-visors, particularly for low-end embedded devices. This led to the need of investigating deeper into solutions based on lightweight virtualisation alternatives, such as containers. In this context, this paper proposes to use a real-time deadline-based scheduling policy built into the Linux kernel to provide temporal scheduling guarantees to different co-located containers. The proposed solution extends the SCHED_DEADLINE scheduling policy to schedule Linux control groups, allowing user threads to be scheduled with fixed priorities inside the control group scheduled by SCHED_DEADLINE. The proposed mechanism can be configured via control groups, and it is compatible with commonly used tools such as LXC, Docker and similar. This solution is compatible with existing hierarchical real-time scheduling analysis, and some experiments demonstrate consistency between theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121687096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
Energy-aware device drivers for embedded operating systems 嵌入式操作系统的能量感知设备驱动程序
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1145/3373400.3373401
Markus Buschhoff, Robert Falkenberg, O. Spinczyk
{"title":"Energy-aware device drivers for embedded operating systems","authors":"Markus Buschhoff, Robert Falkenberg, O. Spinczyk","doi":"10.1145/3373400.3373401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373400.3373401","url":null,"abstract":"Energy harvesting solutions with rechargeable batteries are a frequent choice to tackle the problems of supplying continuous power to deeply embedded devices like wireless sensor nodes. However, if the utilization of a node is not thoroughly planned, the battery may be drained too early and a continuous operation of such a device may become impossible. Here, an energy-management solution is required to control the flow of energy. As a foundation for energy management in software, we introduce a concept that allows to model energy consumption of hardware and to synthesize energy aware device drivers from these models. Our drivers are able to account the energy consumption of each driver function call at an accuracy of more than 90%. We provide a detailed overhead and accuracy evaluation of a driver implementation and hence prove the feasibility of our concept.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133244539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The benefits of using interactive device simulations as training material for clinicians: an experience report with a contrast media injector used in CT 使用交互式设备模拟作为临床医生培训材料的好处:在CT中使用造影剂注射器的经验报告
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3357495.3357500
C. Bernardeschi, P. Masci, D. Caramella, R. Dell'Osso
{"title":"The benefits of using interactive device simulations as training material for clinicians: an experience report with a contrast media injector used in CT","authors":"C. Bernardeschi, P. Masci, D. Caramella, R. Dell'Osso","doi":"10.1145/3357495.3357500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357495.3357500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on our experience in developing training material for a hospital, in the form of an interactive simulation of a medical device routinely used in the hospital. The subject device is a commercial contrast media injector used in Computed Tomography (CT) scans. The specification of the device was reverse engineered using in combination the user manual, direct interaction with the real device, and the results of a field study we conducted that focused on how expert users routinely operate the device. The interactive simulation greatly helped to identify critical workflows that could induce accidental use errors that lead to dangerous situations such as failure to correctly detect air-in-line before starting the injection. The interactive simulation proved also useful to stimulate a constructive discussion within a multidisciplinary team of engineers and clinicians, about possible design improvements to the device that could prevent the identified critical workflows.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121276925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A use error taxonomy for improving human-machine interface design in medical devices 改进医疗器械人机界面设计的使用错误分类法
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3357495.3357498
Carlos Silva, P. Masci, Yi Zhang, P. Jones, J. C. Campos
{"title":"A use error taxonomy for improving human-machine interface design in medical devices","authors":"Carlos Silva, P. Masci, Yi Zhang, P. Jones, J. C. Campos","doi":"10.1145/3357495.3357498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357495.3357498","url":null,"abstract":"Use error is one of the leading causes of medical device incidents. It is crucial for all stakeholders to have a unified means to better understand, classify, communicate, and prevent/avoid medical device use errors. In this paper, we present our ongoing work on developing a new use error taxonomy for medical devices that has the potential to enable fine-grained analysis of use errors and their root causes in system design. Our ultimate goal is to create a generic framework that can be used by medical device designers to better identify effective design solutions to mitigating use errors.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116287288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The open PCA pump project: an exemplar open source medical device as a community resource 开放PCA泵项目:作为社区资源的典型开源医疗设备
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3357495.3357496
J. Hatcliff, Brian R. Larson, Todd Carpenter, P. Jones, Yi Zhang, J. Jorgens
{"title":"The open PCA pump project: an exemplar open source medical device as a community resource","authors":"J. Hatcliff, Brian R. Larson, Todd Carpenter, P. Jones, Yi Zhang, J. Jorgens","doi":"10.1145/3357495.3357496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357495.3357496","url":null,"abstract":"Building safe and secure interoperable medical devices with accompanying assurance artifacts is challenging. Many start-up companies have great ideas for innovation, but are not familiar with appropriate safety/security-critical engineering processes, architecture principles, risk management, and assurance techniques. Larger, more experienced, companies may face hurdles in re-engineering their devices for interoperability and greater security. In academia, researchers often have good techniques for addressing some of the issues above, but are not familiar with how a realistic medical device is developed and assured. Building a prototype medical device for a classroom project or research work to validate proposed techniques is often a huge effort.\u0000 The Open PCA Pump illustrates a full suite of realistic development artifacts including use cases, requirements, architecture models, verified source code, testing and simulation infrastructure, risk management artifacts, and assurance cases that can be used to develop shared understanding of medical device innovations across the academic, industry, and regulatory communities.1","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122039733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Mitigating network-layer security attacks on authentication-enhanced openICE 减少对认证增强openICE的网络层安全攻击
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3357495.3357497
Zhangtan Li, Liang Cheng, Yang Zhang
{"title":"Mitigating network-layer security attacks on authentication-enhanced openICE","authors":"Zhangtan Li, Liang Cheng, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1145/3357495.3357497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357495.3357497","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) is a standardized framework for achieving medical device interoperability. It utilizes high-level supervisory and medical apps and low-level communication middle-ware to coordinate medical devices to accomplish a shared clinical mission. With the potential to significantly improve healthcare productivity and reduce medical errors, the interoperability of medical devices also subjects ICE systems to unprecedented security threats. In this paper, we present a set of security attacks, namely interception, tampering, and replay attack, to the network level of ICE systems, which we identify through a threat modeling analysis on OpenICE, the best-known instantiation of ICE system. For these security attacks, we devise corresponding defense mechanisms on top of OpenICE. Our experiments demonstrate that these defense mechanisms can effectively protect OpenICE from the identified attacks with acceptable computational overhead.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124556927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards a test and validation framework for closed-loop physiology management systems for critical and perioperative care 建立用于危重病和围手术期护理的闭环生理管理系统的测试和验证框架
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3357495.3357499
Farooq Gessa, Philip Asare, Aaron Bray, Rachel B. Clipp, S. M. Poler
{"title":"Towards a test and validation framework for closed-loop physiology management systems for critical and perioperative care","authors":"Farooq Gessa, Philip Asare, Aaron Bray, Rachel B. Clipp, S. M. Poler","doi":"10.1145/3357495.3357499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357495.3357499","url":null,"abstract":"Many of medical devices come equipped with a communication interface. Over the years, there has been interest in leveraging these interfaces to add computers to the loop to aid in decision making and automatic application of interventions. Such systems, which we call Closed-Loop Assistants (CLAs), are intended to help clinicians manage the cognitive load that can arise as the complexity of patient management increases. We present an open-source framework for examining CLA-patient interactions through software simulations of the CLA with in-silico patients to enable early testing and validation of proposed physiology management strategies. We show how this framework can be used to test different strategies across a small patient population. Considering a patient population is important because inter-patient variability is one of the critical factors that can hamper the ability of a medical cyber-physical system like the CLA to meet its goals. The ability to explore this variability early in the design process therefore helps us in increasing robustness of the system.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132871903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
SDN-based configuration solution for IEEE 802.1 time sensitive networking (TSN) 基于sdn的IEEE 802.1时间敏感网络(TSN)配置方案
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-02-20 DOI: 10.1145/3314206.3314210
S. B. H. Said, Quang Huy Truong, M. Boc
{"title":"SDN-based configuration solution for IEEE 802.1 time sensitive networking (TSN)","authors":"S. B. H. Said, Quang Huy Truong, M. Boc","doi":"10.1145/3314206.3314210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314206.3314210","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance and update of Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) configurations pose an immediate challenge on the \"Time-to-Integrate\" aspect of new devices and traffics: adding new communicating sensors on production lines, adding new Engine Control Units (ECUs) or new software applications in a car. Meanwhile, the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) approach has proven its effectiveness to ensure proper quality of service for ongoing traffics even in evolving topologies and its ability to integrate a multitude of features (configuration parameters, specific metric computation, etc.). In this regard, this paper investigates a first step in the instantiation of the fully centralized IEEE 802.1Qcc model using the SDN approach targeting industrial and automotive contexts. We discuss how SDN can speed-up the Time-to-Integrate process by analyzing how one of the most important TSN standards, i.e., IEEE 802.1AS can be configured in such a framework.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125248985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Δelta: differential energy-efficiency, latency, and timing analysis for real-time networks Δelta:实时网络的不同能源效率、延迟和时间分析
SIGBED Rev. Pub Date : 2019-02-20 DOI: 10.1145/3314206.3314211
S. Reif, Andreas Schmidt, Timo Hönig, T. Herfet, Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat
{"title":"Δelta: differential energy-efficiency, latency, and timing analysis for real-time networks","authors":"S. Reif, Andreas Schmidt, Timo Hönig, T. Herfet, Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat","doi":"10.1145/3314206.3314211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314206.3314211","url":null,"abstract":"The continuously increasing degree of automation in many areas (e.g. manufacturing engineering, public infrastructure) lead to the construction of cyber-physical systems and cyber-physical networks. To both, time and energy are the most critical operating resources. Considering for instance the Tactile Internet specification, end-to-end latencies in these systems must be below 1ms, which means that both communication and system latencies are in the same order of magnitude and must be predictably low. As control loops are commonly handled over different variants of network infrastructure (e.g. mobile and fibre links) particular attention must be payed to the design of reliable, yet fast and energy-efficient data-transmission channels that are robust towards unexpected transmission failures. As design goals are often conflicting (e.g. high performance vs. low energy), it is necessary to analyze and investigate trade-offs with regards to design decisions during the construction of cyber-physical networks.\u0000 In this paper, we present Δelta, an approach towards a tool-supported construction process for cyber-physical networks. Δelta extends the previously presented X-LAP tool by new analysis features, but keeps the original measurements facilities unchanged. Δelta jointly analyzes and correlates the runtime behavior (i.e. performance, latency) and energy demand of individual system components. It provides an automated analysis with precise thread-local time interpolation, control-flow extraction, and examination of latency criticality. We further demonstrate the applicability of Δelta with an evaluation of a prototypical implementation.","PeriodicalId":447904,"journal":{"name":"SIGBED Rev.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130225742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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