Hague Journal of Diplomacy最新文献

{"title":"Finland’s Status-updating through the UN Human Rights Council Campaign","authors":"H. Tuominen","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Finnish Government practises a human rights-based foreign policy, and norm advocacy within international organisations is an integral part of this ambition. One priority was to apply for UN Human Rights Council (HRC) membership for the 2022-2024 term. This article studies the Finnish campaign from the theoretical perspective of a small state seeking to update its status through norm advocacy and UN campaigning. It claims that the HRC campaign is an important means of updating Finland’s status within its ambitious Nordic peer group. Updating a country’s status can be achieved by showing moral authority and good UN membership. It also demonstrates the challenges and opportunities set by the domestic and external situation, introducing the HRC campaign priorities, based on Finland’s country brand, and shows how these are refreshed. The article draws on foreign policy documentation, campaign materials and interviews with Finnish diplomats and public officials involved in the campaign.","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47358356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Small State’s Campaign to Get Elected to the UNSC: Iceland’s Ambitious Failed Attempt","authors":"Baldur Thorhallsson, Jóna Sólveig Elínardóttir, Anna Margrét Eggertsdóttir","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article provides a case study of a small state, Iceland, and its motives for running for a seat on the UN Security Council for the 2009-2010 term, the domestic dispute about the affair, key campaign messages and the campaign strategy. The article fills a gap in the international relations and small state literature on small states’ campaign strategies in UNSC elections. We conclude that the decision to run for a seat and the core message of the campaign were largely based on the quest to enhance Iceland’s status among international actors. However, the country’s lack of resources, limited international engagement and domestic debate about the candidacy became a hindrance. Iceland succeeded in using its smallness to build good momentum for its candidacy but in the end it failed due to weaknesses associated with its small size and its lack of contributions, competence and ideational commitment in the UN.","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48339769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Citizen Diplomacy’s Local Impact: The Case of Global Ties Kalamazoo","authors":"A. Popkova","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines the local impact of citizen diplomacy through the case study of a volunteer-driven citizen diplomacy organisation Global Ties Kalamazoo (GTKzoo) based in Kalamazoo, Michigan (United States). Drawing on the data from 25 in-depth interviews with GTKzoo volunteers, this study demonstrates that citizen diplomats view citizen diplomacy as more authentic compared to traditional diplomacy. Representation as a key component of citizen diplomacy is also discussed, with GTKzoo volunteers struggling to reconcile their desire to ‘show the good parts of America’ with their understanding that ‘the good parts’ alone are not giving visitors a complete picture. This study also introduces two approaches to assessing the local impact of citizen diplomacy — instrumental and reflexive. The study concludes that the reflexive approach dominates citizen diplomats’ discussions as they focus on learning from the visitors, feeling inspired to be better community members, and seeing their local community through a more nuanced perspective.","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MGP promotes CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion by activating the NF-κB pathway leading to liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Dawei Rong, Guangshun Sun, Zhiying Zheng, Li Liu, Xiaoyuan Chen, Fan Wu, Yichao Gu, Yongjiu Dai, Weizhe Zhong, Xiaopei Hao, Chuanyong Zhang, Xiongxiong Pan, Jinhai Tang, Weiwei Tang, Xuehao Wang","doi":"10.7150/ijbs.70137","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ijbs.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matrix Gla protein (MGP) was originally reported as a physiological suppressor of ectopia calcification and has also been reported to be associated with cancer. However, the relation between the biological functions of MGP and the immune response in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of MGP in the immune microenvironment of CRC. MGP expression in CRC samples was assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and confirmed by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry analysis of human CRC samples. The effect of MGP on proliferation and invasion of CRC cells was evaluated by <i>in vitro</i> assays involving MGP knockdown and overexpression. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay were performed to identify transcriptional regulatory sites of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). <i>In vivo</i> experiments were performed in mouse model of CRC liver metastasis established <i>via</i> spleen injection. The results revealed that MGP was significantly upregulated in cancer cell clusters from the primary CRC or liver metastases, compared with that in the corresponding paracancerous tissues via single-cell RNA sequencing. MGP enriched intracellular free Ca²⁺ levels and promoted NF-κB phosphorylation, thereby activated PD-L1 expression to promote CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion in CRC. The luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR assay indicated that the transcriptional regulation of NF-κB upregulated PD-L1 expression. <i>In vivo</i>, MGP inhibition significantly decreased the rate of CRC liver metastasis, which was further reduced after combined therapy with αPD1 (anti-PD1). In conclusions, this study revealed that MGP can facilitate CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion by activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to liver metastasis of CRC. The combination of MGP knockdown and αPD1 can synergistically resist liver metastasis of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":"10 1","pages":"2345-2361"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86756824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photographs as Instruments of Public Diplomacy: China’s Visual Storytelling during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Olli Hellmann, K. Oppermann","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article explores the effectiveness of photographs as instruments of public diplomacy through an analysis of China’s visual storytelling during the Covid-19 outbreak. Beijing considered the pandemic an existential threat to its image and responded with a communications offensive that was designed to highlight the regime’s success in containing the Coronavirus — both at home and abroad — and to safeguard the wider ‘China story’ of a ‘peace-loving and responsible global leader’. By combining scholarship on public diplomacy and strategic narratives with the ‘visual turn’ literature in international relations, this article focuses on the non-verbal dimension of China’s storytelling and explores the impact of photographs — distributed by the regime’s news agency, Xinhua — on international public opinion. Through a survey experiment among 1,000 US adults, we demonstrate that such photographs had a positive effect on China’s international image, but that this effect was moderated by levels of political knowledge among the target audience.","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48793658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Digitalization of Public Diplomacy, written by Ilan Manor","authors":"Gerardo (Gerry) Diaz Bartolome","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46183069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City Diplomacy, written by Lorenzo Kihlgren Grandi","authors":"E. Mikhailova","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power to Blame as a Source of Leverage: International Mediation and ‘Dead Cat Diplomacy’","authors":"Asaf Siniver","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article addresses a gap in the literature on international mediation by proposing the power to blame as an additional source of mediation leverage that had been hitherto largely ignored. The power to blame is framed here as ‘dead cat diplomacy’, a term originally coined by US Secretary of State James Baker to describe his threats to lay a figurative dead cat at the doorstep of a disputant to publicly signal its intransigence and thus force its acquiescence during the Middle East negotiations following the 1991 Gulf War. Drawing on the case studies of Baker and presidents Obama and Trump, the article presents three conditions necessary for the successful leveraging of the power to blame in international mediation: it must be used as a last resort, be perceived as credible by the targeted disputant and take place at a time when the targeted disputant’s bargaining capacity is limited.","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday Migrant Accompaniment: Humanitarian Border Diplomacy","authors":"Cristina Churruca-Muguruza","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article advances the notion of humanitarian border diplomacy, contributing to current academic discussions on humanitarian diplomacy and on the practice-theory nexus by conceptualising NGOs’ migrant accompaniment at borders as a form of everyday humanitarian diplomacy. The contention is that humanitarian diplomacy is similar to other diplomatic practices. Starting by rethinking humanitarian diplomacy, it discusses the emergence of humanitarian border diplomacy as a key component of everyday migrant accompaniment. Humanitarian border diplomacy focuses on advancing migrants’ rights, seeking to make helpful, empowering and transformational interventions in an attempt to resist and change the contemporary global governance of migration. The article presents the everyday diplomatic practices of the Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes in Melilla, on Spain’s southern border, as an example of humanitarian border diplomacy. At the border, as an alternative space for resistance, difference and otherness, the need for diplomatic culture as the symbolic mediation of estrangement is revealed.","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Diplomacy and International Society, written by Yolanda Kemp Spies","authors":"João Mourato Pinto","doi":"10.1163/1871191x-bja10096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44787,"journal":{"name":"Hague Journal of Diplomacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}