e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.247

Efrén Hernández-Álvarez, Agustín Gallegos Rodríguez, C. M. Guzmán Paredes, Cynthia G. Rodríguez Ramírez, Mario Alberto Hernández Tovar

{"title":"Diagnóstico ecológico y fitosanitario de un parque urbano del área metropolitana de Guadalajara, México","authors":"Efrén Hernández-Álvarez, Agustín Gallegos Rodríguez, C. M. Guzmán Paredes, Cynthia G. Rodríguez Ramírez, Mario Alberto Hernández Tovar","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.247","url":null,"abstract":"Urban parks are open spaces for public use, where we can find human relations of leisure, recreation, sports, community living,among others, activities. They also provide benefits, through ecosystem services. In the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, urban parkshave not received enough attention. Traditionally, it was assumed that the trees that comprise it, must be developed without anyintervention of forest management or at most plantations in which very little is intervened with protection and silvicultural work toachieve their establishment and good development. The park of \"La Solidaridad Iberoamericana'' is an ecosystem where treespredominate, it is immersed in a densely populated area and offers facilities for recreation. Hence the importance of this work,which provides lines of action aimed at promoting and managing the park's urban forest. The leading goal of this work was todevelop a comprehensive diagnosis to identify forest management needs. The methodology consisted of making a stand for thepark, establishment of 108 sampling sites of 500 m², survey of dasometric, silvicultural, biodiversity and phytosanitary variablespresent in the trees. The results are: five stands were defined, the main species susceptible to mistletoe were Jacaranda mimosifolia,Bahuinia americana and Casuarina equisetifolia. The main phytosanitary problem is Struthanthus interruptus, a mistletoe speciesthat affects trees, followed to a lesser extent by Psittacanthus calyculatus. The biodiversity and richness of tree species are 20, theybelong to 16 different botanical families, standing out Fabaceae, Bignonaceae, and Salicaceae. The silvicultural management needs detected are pruning and thinning; 18.6% of the trees require pruning to raise the crown, 75.4% require sanitary pruning, 19% of the trees must be felled, since they represent a danger of falling due to rain and strong winds.","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122632038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimación de regeneración mediante variables ambientales e índices espectrales en ecosistemas con incendios forestales 利用环境变量和光谱指数估算森林火灾生态系统的再生

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.238

A. G. Flores-Rodríguez, J. G. Flores-Garnica, D. González-Eguiarte, Agustín Gallegos-Rodríguez, Patricia Zarazúa-Villaseñor, Salvador Mena-Munguía

{"title":"Estimación de regeneración mediante variables ambientales e índices espectrales en ecosistemas con incendios forestales","authors":"A. G. Flores-Rodríguez, J. G. Flores-Garnica, D. González-Eguiarte, Agustín Gallegos-Rodríguez, Patricia Zarazúa-Villaseñor, Salvador Mena-Munguía","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.238","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of forest fires requires creating methodologies that allow evaluating and predicting the response that the ecosystem willhave to the impact of fire, in order to direct restoration actions in the areas that most require it. However, evaluating these areasdirectly in the field implies investment of resources (financial and personnel) which, along with time, are generally limited. For this,satellite images are a practical tool for the evaluation of large areas, or inaccessible areas, impacted by forest fires. In this work, thecorrelation presented by different variables measured in the field and derived from remote sensors, in relation to the naturalregeneration of pine that occurs in the La Primavera forest and in Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, was evaluated. The results showeddifferent variables to determine the predictive models of the natural regeneration of pine after the occurrence of a forest fire, beingthe fuels of 100 hours and 1000 hours, bark thickness and depth of burning, the variables taken directly in the field. that wereincluded in the models. While the burn area index, the regeneration index and the exposure, the variables taken by remote censorswere included in the predictive models. The models that showed a higher R² are those obtained by field variables for the tworegions. However, the model obtained only with remote sensor variables for La Primavera obtained an R² of 0.6083, Contrary toSierra de Quila where the model does not take any spectral index for the model, therefore it is advisable to establish a greaternumber of Sampling sites evenly distributed throughout the area affected by the fire, to improve the accuracy of the remote sensingmodels","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130089427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflamasoma NLRP-3: blanco de estudio en el desarrollo de la epilepsia 炎症瘤NLRP-3:癫痫发展的研究目标

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.249

Kenia Pardo-Peña, Salvador M. Martínez-Gallegos, Marco A. Noriega-Ruiz, F. Villalpando-Vargas

{"title":"Inflamasoma NLRP-3: blanco de estudio en el desarrollo de la epilepsia","authors":"Kenia Pardo-Peña, Salvador M. Martínez-Gallegos, Marco A. Noriega-Ruiz, F. Villalpando-Vargas","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.249","url":null,"abstract":"The inflammasome is assembled in response to a wide range of patterns associated with pathogens or damage molecules inpresence of brain injury, they are multiproteic complexes that comprise a sensor, an adapter protein and a zymogenic enzyme thatactivates caspase-1 for secretion of mature proteins of IL-1β and IL-18 that trigger pyroptosis (neuroinflammation-induced celldeath) which is involved in the onset and development of several pathophysiological events. Until now, four inflammasomes havebeen described that recruit the Apoptosis-associated speck-like (ASC) adapter protein to activate caspase-1: NLRP-1, NLRP-3,NLRC4 and AIM2. The activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasomes are mediated by variations in K⁺ concentrations, increasedextracellular ATP and oxidative stress mainly. Because of this, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurologicaldisorders such as epilepsy; which is a neurological disorder characterized by the presence of spontaneous and a recurrent seizure(SRS) that affects around 70 million people in the world. SRS are generated by the establishment of the epileptome (defined area ofepileptogenesis) triggered by genetic or acquired factors that cause structural and functional modifications, such asneuroinflammation that induces oxidative stress, neuronal loss, reactive gliosis and pathological synaptic reorganization.Neuroinflammation can be preserved during epileptogenesis due activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasome. On the other hand, awide variety of inhibitors have been used to alter the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, indirect inhibitors of NLRP-3, ASC and caspase-1; however, these only disturb the signaling pathways without directly regulating NLRP-3 and blocked the pathologicalneuroinflammatory response. For this reason, it is important to study the activation and modulation of inflammasomes like NLRP-3in epileptogenic processes to expand the view on neuroinflammation and its possible mechanisms involved in epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128862009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principios básicos de la genómica y sus aplicaciones 基因组学的基本原理及其应用

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.248

Jessica Pérez Alquicira, Flor Rodríguez-Gómez, Ofelia Vargas-Ponce, Zayra Arery Guadalupe Muñoz-González, Gabriela Alcalá-Gómez, Pilar Zamora-Tavares

{"title":"Principios básicos de la genómica y sus aplicaciones","authors":"Jessica Pérez Alquicira, Flor Rodríguez-Gómez, Ofelia Vargas-Ponce, Zayra Arery Guadalupe Muñoz-González, Gabriela Alcalá-Gómez, Pilar Zamora-Tavares","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.248","url":null,"abstract":"Genomics is the discipline that studies the structure, function, and evolution of genomes and addresses the methodological processes used tosequence and assemble the genome. Analyzing sequencing data requires state-of-the-art computational resources and specialized mathematicalalgorithms and software, which are together known as bioinformatics. The history of genome sequencing can be divided into three stages: 1)first-generation, which is based on the sequencing of a single fragment using capillary electrophoresis; 2) second generation, characterized by themass parallelization of sequencing reactions, resulting in an increase in the amount of DNA fragments sequenced with a length of 50 to 300 basepairs; and 3) third generation, which also includes the mass sequencing, but of much longer fragments (> 10000 base pairs), which facilitatesgenome assembly. Advances in massive sequencing have allowed for the sequencing of a large number of genomes, which has had broadapplications in medicine, the improvement of economically important plant and animal species, and phylogenetic studies, among many others.One of the main branches of genomics is metagenomics, which has been highly important in generating knowledge of the composition anddiversity of microorganisms in environmental samples of water, air, and other materials, facilitating the recognition of new taxa. Another branchof genomics is phylogenomics, which is used to infer the evolutionary relationships among species. Therefore, the advances in sequencingplatforms as well as advances in the area of bioinformatics have resulted in a revolution of knowledge of genome complexity","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caracterización silvícola de poblaciones naturales de Bursera linanoe en los estados de Oaxaca, Puebla y Guerrero 瓦哈卡州、普埃布拉州和格雷罗州Bursera linanoe自然种群的林业特征

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.241

Juan Francisco Castellanos-Bolaños, Martín Gómez-Cárdenas

{"title":"Caracterización silvícola de poblaciones naturales de Bursera linanoe en los estados de Oaxaca, Puebla y Guerrero","authors":"Juan Francisco Castellanos-Bolaños, Martín Gómez-Cárdenas","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.241","url":null,"abstract":"The linaloe tree (Bursera linanoe) is a timber species with high ecological and economical importance. It grows at some specificsites of the tropical deciduos forest of south and central Mexico. The objective of the study was to determine timber stocks, evaluatenatural regeneration and develop mathematical models to estimate wood volume in linaloe trees (Bursera linanoe), in threelocations representative of its natural range in Mexico: San Juan de los Cués, Oaxaca; Chiautla de Tapia, Puebla and Xalitla,Guerrero. In each of the localities, a plot of 25 hectares of tropical deciduous forest was delimited. A field survey was carried outcovering a total sampling area of 33,000 m², through the inspection of 66 circular-shaped sampling sites, each with an area of 500m2, and distributed systematically. In order to generate mathematical models for the estimation of wood volumes, a sample size of80 trees was calculated, which meant an average of 10 trees for each of the categories between 5 cm and 40 cm of diameter atbreast height and a range of heights from 2 m to 8 m. The results showed, respectively, for San Juan de los Cués, Chiautla de Tapiaand Xalitla, the following data: 44, 45 and 36 trees per hectare; 4.1, 1.3 and 1.8 average stems per tree; average basal areas of0.8827 m²·ha-1, 0.9626 m²·ha-¹ and 2.3141 m²·ha-¹; and a square diameter of 16 cm, 17 cm and 30 cm. As for the regeneration onlyin Chiautla de Tapia were counted 21 trees per hectare, in the other two localities there was no regeneration. The model generatedto calculate the total volume per tree was: 0.000074 DN1.7861 H1.3832, from which the timber stocks of 11.19 m³·ha-¹ werecalculated; 10.41 m³·ha-¹ and 23.38 m³·ha-¹. It is concluded that the populations of linaloe in the study areas are reduced, naturalregeneration practically does not exist, the standing wood stocks are reduced.","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123808372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asociaciones y competencia entre géneros en parcelas permanentes establecidas en el norte de Durango 在杜兰戈北部建立的永久地块上的伙伴关系和性别竞争

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.237

Jesús Manuel Rascón Ayala, O. A. Aguirre calderón, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, M. G. González Tagle, Javier Jiménez Pérez, Benedicto Vargas Larreta, José Javier Corral Rivasa

{"title":"Asociaciones y competencia entre géneros en parcelas permanentes establecidas en el norte de Durango","authors":"Jesús Manuel Rascón Ayala, O. A. Aguirre calderón, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, M. G. González Tagle, Javier Jiménez Pérez, Benedicto Vargas Larreta, José Javier Corral Rivasa","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.237","url":null,"abstract":"The ecosystem processes that take place within forest ecosystems have a very close relationship with the structure that they canshow, therefore being able to characterize it allows creating better strategies to maintain and improve them. The present study waselaborated to determine the relationships and competition of Picea, Abies, Pseudotsuga and Cupressus, based on the growth,development, and different types of species mixture in a temperate forest of Durango. A dot pattern analysis was used to evaluateaggregation, species mixture, dominance, and dimensional differentiation. The dasometric data were obtained from 10 permanentplots (2500 m²), considering: diameter> 7.5 cm, height, azimuth, and distance. IVI and different diversity indices were estimated; inaddition, a total of 1576 structural groups were analyzed. The average density for the evaluated areas was 629 N ha-¹, highlightingPinus with 660 N ha-¹, the genera with the highest IVI were Pinus and Picea. Regarding true diversity, the plot obtained the highestvalue. Through the Clark & Evans aggregation index, 90% of the areas showed a clustering trend in the genres included. Throughthe neighborhood indices, the areas showed a moderate mix, with a random and structurally co-dominant distribution.","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125915156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluación de sustentabilidad del Bosque de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham. de la alcaldía La Magdalena Contreras, Ciudad de México, México 宗教冷杉森林(Kunth) Schltdl的可持续性评估。et湛。来自墨西哥墨西哥城的la Magdalena Contreras市长办公室

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.253

Lizbeth Cárdenas González, J. A. B. Ordóñez Díaz

{"title":"Evaluación de sustentabilidad del Bosque de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham. de la alcaldía La Magdalena Contreras, Ciudad de México, México","authors":"Lizbeth Cárdenas González, J. A. B. Ordóñez Díaz","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.253","url":null,"abstract":"The forest of Abies Religiosa (Kunth) Shcltdl. et Cham. Located in the mayor's office La Magdalena Contreras offers variousecosystem services; it is a green lung for Mexico City (CDMX) and is constantly being threatened by the growth of the urbansprawl. This study was carried out in order to identify the main socioeconomic and environmental indicators that allow evaluatingsustainability. The Natural Resources Management Systems Assessment Framework incorporating Sustainability Indicators(MESMIS) was used. The study was carried out in stages: 1) identification of the critical points of the system, 2) identification ofindicators and assignment of values and 3) non-parametric analysis with generation of indices. In total, 36 indicators were identifiedwith 54 indices, of which 50% (27) were of a social nature, 30% (16) of an environmental nature, and the remaining 20% (11) of aneconomic nature. Based on the indicators, a weighted value was assigned. The sustainability index (IDS) was 0.51, with the idealsustainability value being equal to 1, which means that the Abies religiosa forest of the La Magdalena Contreras is positioned at a\"regular\" level of sustainability. The aspects that must be addressed to achieve sustainability in the Magdalena Contreras systemare: creating relationships of trust between the owners of the forest, consolidating the community, establishing economicmechanisms that guarantee income and the active participation of the actors involved in the cost effectiveness. Therefore, it isimportant to promote environmental education, offer more employment alternatives, community participation, economicdiversification, promote innovation and transfer of technologies for the conservation and integrated management of the forest.","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133024239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Los bosques colindantes a las grandes ciudades como reguladores de los efectos del cambio climático; Caso Bosque La Primavera - Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara 城市周围的森林作为气候变化影响的调节器;博斯克春华案例-瓜达拉哈拉大都会区

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.250

Karla Vanessa Frutos-González, Arturo Curiel Ballesteros

引用次数: 0

Estudio preliminar de identificación a nivel molecular, de ecotipos de chile piquín 智利皮昆生态型分子水平鉴定的初步研究

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.254

Martha Isabel Torres-Morán, E. Rodríguez-Guzmán, Ana Paulina Velasco-Ramírez, Martha Escoto-Delgadillo, Mónica E. Riojas-López, Noé Durán-Puga, Rogelio Lépiz Ildefonso

引用次数: 0

Rompimiento de la latencia física en semillas de Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb: efecto combinado del tratamiento de escarificación y medio de crecimiento 打破环果肠杆菌种子的物理潜伏期(Jacq.)Griseb:划痕处理与生长介质的联合作用

e-CUCBA Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.32870/ecucba.vi18.245

Adrian Botello Montoya, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, José Ángel Sigala-Rodrígue, Marco Aurelio Gonzáles Tagle, E. T. Treviño Garza, Luis Daniel Ruíz Carranza

{"title":"Rompimiento de la latencia física en semillas de Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb: efecto combinado del tratamiento de escarificación y medio de crecimiento","authors":"Adrian Botello Montoya, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, José Ángel Sigala-Rodrígue, Marco Aurelio Gonzáles Tagle, E. T. Treviño Garza, Luis Daniel Ruíz Carranza","doi":"10.32870/ecucba.vi18.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.245","url":null,"abstract":"The combined effect of scarification treatment and the growing medium on the germination and emergence parameters ofEnterolobiumcyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb seeds was evaluated under nursery conditions in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. A fullfactorial experiment was designed with three scarification treatments: 1) mechanical (breaking of the testa with tweezers), 2)thermal (immersion in boiling water for 10 min), and 3) control (without scarification), combined with three growing media: 1)potting mix (peat moss, perlite, vermiculite; 50-25-25), 2) aerobic compost, and 3) bush soil. The results of the study confirm thatscarification, mechanical or thermal, is effective in breaking the physical dormancy of E.cyclocarpum seeds; although, mechanicalscarification promotes higher emergence speed of the seedlings. While growing medium did not significantly affect the seedemergence parameters, we found that thermal scarification combined with bush soil induced a marginally higher emergencepercentage. The study contributes to the knowledge of the real efficiency of pre-germination treatments in E.cyclocarpum seedsunder different cultivation conditions in the nursery.","PeriodicalId":447849,"journal":{"name":"e-CUCBA","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128158686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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