Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and statistical analysis of factors affecting compliance in schizophrenia patients","authors":"V. V. Ruzhenkova, I. S. Khamskaya, K. Retyunskiy, U. Moskvitina, O.V. Zhigulina, O. Novikova","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2306-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2306-08","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of non-compliance with medical therapy, which, as a rule, leads to exacerbation or relapse of the disease, repeated hospitalization, and impaired social adaptation. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical and organizational factors that affect the compliance of schizophrenia patients. We examined 157 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia aged 23 to 52 (38.5±8.1) years. The study was carried out a week before discharge from the hospital. Clinical-psychopathological, clinical-dynamic, psychometric, and statistical research methods were used. It was found that only 11.4% of males and 20.7% of females were fully compliant. Taking medications under the relatives’ control was observed in a third of men and half of women. The probability (chance) of compliance overestimation by the attending physician using the clinical method is 1.8 times higher than when using the corresponding questionnaires. The higher the criticism of the disease was, the higher was patients’ compliance after discharge. The following risk factors for non-compliance in patients with schizophrenia have been identified: male gender; history of alcohol abuse; early discharge of patients from the hospital with clinically expressed anxiety, depression, and a sense of hopelessness; complete absence or insufficient explanation to the patient of the principle and procedure for taking supporting therapy; prescribing many oral or expensive drugs. Thus, compliance in schizophrenia patients is a dynamic formation, which is formed under the influence of a whole complex of individual, personal, social, environmental, and clinical factors, which should be taken into account when forming therapeutic tactics.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130832671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of transsphenoidal endoscopic removal of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas","authors":"K. V. Tikhonov, V. Cherebillo","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2306-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2306-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of surgical treatment of patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal adenomectomy for ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas in the Neurosurgical Department of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University from 2015 to 2022. The analysis of patients was carried out according to the following criteria: clinical manifestations of the disease, the nature of tumor growth according to the MRI study, positive results of surgical treatment, postoperative complications. Effective treatment of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas is necessary as this tumor is associated with the development of Itsenko-Cushing's disease, and in the absence of adequate and timely treatment and in case of preservation of hypercorticism, the 5‑year mortality of these patients exceeds that of general population, reaching 50%.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131649932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningitis after spinal injury surgery","authors":"А. V. Botov, P. Shnyakin, I. J. Gasymly","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2306-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2306-07","url":null,"abstract":"Postoperative meningitis is quite rare in the practice of a spine surgeon and, as a rule, is associated with unintentional damage to the dura mater or necessary durotomy. According to a number of researchers, emergency interventions, severe spinal cord injury, prolonged preoperative stay in intensive care, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and age over 65 are risk factors for the development of postoperative meningitis in spinal injury surgery. The development of postoperative meningitis lengthens the time of hospitalization, requires prolonged antibacterial therapy, and significantly deteriorates the outcome of surgical treatment, which determines the relevance and significance of studying this issue. The article presents our own experience of 12 cases of patients with meningitis after spinal injury surgery, which accounted for 0.6 % of all interventions.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126344182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis (a complex clinical case)","authors":"А. А. Kumakhov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2306-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2306-09","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a clinical case of the development of Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis in a 60‑year old patient. The most important anamnestic data, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies, and various approaches to treatment are described. Several visiting consultations and boards of doctors were held to reach a final verdict. However,many specialists may still have some disagreements about the diagnosis, which makes this clinical case especially interesting.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115036401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder induced by psychostimulants, synthetic cathinones, or cocaine: a systematic review","authors":"I. Fedotov, B. Y. Volodin, V. Novikov, E. V. Leonov, D. Shustov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2306-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2306-02","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to conduct a systematic review of the literature in order to summarize the available data on the frequency of occurrence, clinical features, predictors of prognosis, and effective approaches to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders associated with influence of cocaine (code 6C45.72 according to ICD-11), psychostimulants (6C46.73), and synthetic cathinones (6C47.72). The analysis of scientific publications in the eLibrary, CNKI, PubMed, and Scopus databases was performed with keyword search. In accordance with the PRISMA recommendations, 12 articles were selected and included in the analysis. No articles with data on synthetic cathinones have been found. It has been found that the misuse of amphetamine increases the risk of OCD by about 3 times, methamphetamine — by 4 times, cocaine — by 2.5 times. In the presence of additional comorbidity, this risk increases even more: in HIV infection — by 13 times, in the presence of induced psychoses in the anamnesis — by 12 times. The initial presence of OCD also increases the risk of developing addictions. Such mutual influence may be associated with the overlap of these disorders at genetic level (the relative contribution of these factors is estimated at 56–68 %), at neural circuits level (a decrease in the connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex and in D2‑dopamine activity in the striatum are characteristic of both disorders), and at a behavioral level (both disorders are characterized by a decrease in cognitive flexibility in the model of probabilistic reversal learning). Comorbidity of OCD and addictions deteriorates the social functioning of patients, but increases the duration of remissions. To improve the effectiveness of the treatment of such conditions, combined treatment, aimed at both OCD and addiction, is required. The clinical picture of OCD induced by the use of the studied group of substances may differ in the greater severity of obsessions of contrast contents and compulsive counting. Socio-demographic predictors of the risk of its occurrence were not found.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130493934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysmorphophobic disorders in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","authors":"E. Okonishnikova, A. Bryukhin","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2306-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2306-12","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are manifested by cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms that disrupt the process of eating. They manifest in childhood, adolescence with a conscious restriction in food, and sometimes with a complete rejection of it, in order to correct imaginary fullness or sharply overestimated increased body weight. The psychopathological basis of AN and BN is the syndrome of dysmorphophobia or dysmorphomania, which is accompanied by a depressed mood, careful masking of both their experiences and body features, the desire to correct an imaginary defect in any way. The aim of the study was research pathological dissatisfaction with one»s own appearance and to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of questionnaires to determine the degree of dissatisfaction with one»s own body and their impact on the affective state and quality of life of patients. Methods used in the study: clinical and psychopathological with anamnestic information from patients and their relatives and catamnestic observation data and psychometric. A study of 130 female patients with AN and BN aged 13 to 44 years showed the presence of symptoms characteristic of dysmorphophobic disorders in an absolutely overwhelming number of patients either in anamnesis or in the current mental state, as well as the degree of its influence on the affective state and quality of life. Dysmorphophobic disorders are axial in typical eating disorders — anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The absence of obvious dysmorphophobic or dysmorphomanic symptoms makes it possible to distinguish atypical variants from typical cases of AN and BN, as well as to identify other eating disorders and eating behavior, followed by the use of individual forms of therapy. The study indicates the prevalence, severity, persistence of dysmorphophobic symptoms and its role in the manifestation, dynamics and outcomes in typical variants of eating disorders.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116480709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common pathogenetic mechanisms in affective disorders and multiple sclerosis: role of interleukin imbalance in the progression of comorbid pathology","authors":"S. Kiryukhina, D. V. Samarina, N. Kolmykova, D. Labunskiy","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2304-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2304-04","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Among many comorbid pathologies, it is of considerable interest to study and compare the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurological and mental disorders that combine the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) and affective disorders. The high MS prevalence, economic and social significance of the disease, heterogeneity of clinical symptoms, an unfavorable progressive course, as well as the frequent combination of this pathology with various forms of hypothymic disorders determine the relevance of studying the common pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of this comorbid pathology, which is necessary for the development of effective and safe preventive medical activities. The purpose of the review is to determine the common immunopathological mechanisms of affective disorders and multiple sclerosis, to analyze the role of cytokine status imbalance in the mutual increase in the severity of clinical symptoms in comorbid pathology, and to identify prognostic markers of disease progression. Materials and methods. On the basis of electronic Russian and foreign databases for the period 2017–2022, a theoretical analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmune CNS damage in MS and affective disorders was carried out. In order to search for literary sources, the following resources were used: https://elibrary.ru/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://cyberleninka.ru/. 10 Russian and 25 foreign sources were cited. Results. The mechanisms of development of mental affective disorders and multiple sclerosis have common pathogenetic features and are characterized by a violation of pro-inflammatory cytokine reactions and autoimmune nature of changes in the structures of the central nervous system (CNS). The similarity of immunological disorders underlying the pathogenesis of various forms of multiple sclerosis and affective disorders is of undoubted interest in terms of developing common approaches to the prevention and treatment of detectable interleukin status imbalance in neurological and mental diseases. Conclusion. Identification of mutually reinforcing changes in interleukin status and determination of the features of the course of immune imbalance in multiple sclerosis and hypothymic disorders in various pathologies of the mental sphere are necessary for a deeper understanding of neuroimmune interactions.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern approaches to treatment of depressive disorders in cardiological patients","authors":"N. V. Filippova, Y. Barylnik, T. Bogdanova, A. A. Shchelchkova, E. S. Mozgacheva","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2304-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2304-05","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of depressive disorders in modern society is quite high, which is an important medical and social issue throughout the world. The role of psychosocial factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the high comorbidity of cardiac pathology and depression in recent decades, are beyond doubt. Therapy for depressive disorders in cardiac patients should combine efficacy and safety, as well as ensure patient adherence to therapy. Despite the rather large number and wide availability of antidepressants, including those that are relatively safe in relation to the treatment of depression in cardiovascular pathology, there is a need to search for new depressive disorders treatment options that are even safer and more effective, especially in patients with various comorbid pathologies and concomitant therapy.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131102047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The features of clinical manifestations of acute stroke associated with COVID-19","authors":"N. Nozdryukhina, E. N. Kabaeva, K. Tushova, G. Chmutin","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2304-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2304-02","url":null,"abstract":"The most severe course of COVID-19 is observed in patients with vascular comorbidity (more than 3 cardiovascular diseases). At the same time, a large number of complications from various organs and systems are recorded in this group of patients, with acute stroke being one of the most severe. Stroke in patients with COVID-19 is characterized by a severe clinical course, with a high rate of deaths and poor rehabilitation prognosis in the early and late recovery period. The cohort combined retrospective-prospective study included 80 patients. All subjects were divided into groups: 1) patients with stroke and COVID-19; 2) stroke patients without COVID-19; 3) COVID-19 patients without stroke. All patients underwent complex clinical and laboratory monitoring, including general and biochemical blood tests, assessment of hemostasis and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MSCT of the brain and lungs. As a result of the study, it was found that patients with stroke and COVID-19 have a more severe course of the disease with a high incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and deaths at the hospital stage.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133780487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locus of control as a fundamental factor in a favorable emotional state and motivation for success","authors":"S. Barylnik","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2304-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2304-06","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to study the influence of the locus of control on students’ emotional state and motivation to achieve success. Methods: The study involved 127 students (66 girls and 61 boys) of the 1st year of study at the Medical and Pediatric Faculties of the Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky. The following research methods were used: the questionnaire on the level of subjective control (LSC), T. Ehlers’ questionnaire for studying the motivation to achieve success, test questionnaire «Determining the level of self-esteem» by S. V. Kovalev, and the diagnosing methodology for self-assessment of mental states according to H. Eysenck. Results: The indicator «General Internality Scale» (Questionnaire on the level of subjective control) positively correlates with the indicator «Motivation» by T. Ehlers’ method (0.61) and negatively — with «Self-assessment» of the test-questionnaire by S. V. Kovalev (–0.96), as well as with the indicators of H. Eysenck's methodology: «Aggressiveness» (–0.96), «Anxiety» (–0.97), «Frustration» (–0.90), and «Rigidity» (–0.88). The data obtained confirm the presence of a strong relationship between the studied parameters. Indeed, internality determines the behavior of the individual, being a kind of internal control mechanism for the successful achievement of goals.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133304632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}