{"title":"Asymmetrical Continuous Mode Doherty Power Amplifier Using Complex Combining Load Impedance","authors":"Debatrayee Roychowdhury, J. Kitchen","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866245","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a broadband asymmetrical continuous-mode class J Doherty power amplifier (PA) using complex combining load. The DPA functions as a class J PA when operating in the low power region. The proposed Doherty PA (DPA) achieves continuous mode class J characteristics by varying the reactive part of the complex load. This variable complex combing load has been realized by a novel post-matching network (PMN). A detailed theoretical analysis is presented that shows the impedance transformation procedure from the asymmetrical DPA impedance trajectory to a class J. To validate the proposed technique, a prototype PA has been designed with Cree GaN devices for 9 dB output power back-off (OBO) operating from 1.8 GHz to 2.6 GHz. In the aforementioned frequency band, the PA achieves 61%–76% efficiency at saturation and 43%–60% efficiency at OBO. The PA maintains 10 dB gain and an average of 43 dBm power over the entire frequency range.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115589604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheikh Dobir Hossain, Bhushan Lohani, Ryan M. Price, Robert C. Roberts
{"title":"Metal Additive Fabrication and Characterization of Horn Antenna","authors":"Sheikh Dobir Hossain, Bhushan Lohani, Ryan M. Price, Robert C. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866480","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 3D printed rectangular horn antenna for 18 GHz to 26.5 GHz applications using 17-4PH stainless steel metal powder to demonstrate a powder bed fusion based Micro Laser Sintering (MLS) 3D printing technology. This technology allows manufacturing of metallic horn antennas at a lower cost and faster processing time than traditional high-cost fabrication processes. Also, MLS uses a finer metal powder that reduces component surface roughness, a significant downside of 3D printing technology. Furthermore, it can print a single-piece metal horn antenna, ensuring complete alignment and electrical compatibility between subcomponents and avoiding the need for any high-end post-processing steps before deployment. The claims made can be validated by the study of the effects of surface roughness on the gain, reflection coefficient, and transmission properties of the antenna. The findings for the two additively manufactured horn antennas (one polished and another as built) were compared to a standard one procured from Pasternack®.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Flow for Reflecting & Interacting Beams","authors":"H. Schantz","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866409","url":null,"abstract":"Geometric and physical optics provide intuition for understanding electromagnetic propagation. Other complementary intuitions are possible from energy flow. Extending upon the 2002 work of Wünscher, Hauptmann, and Herrmann, this paper tests their counter-intuitive rules of energy flow and presents Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC) derived results for energy flow within reflecting and interacting beams. In reflection, energy moves parallel to the reflecting surface. As beams interact, they exchange energy. Multiple reflections may yield an energy vortex. Energy flow offers valuable insights for antenna design and applications. These results highlight crucial but little appreciated electromagnetic physics: fields guide energy. Fields and energy are two different yet complementary phenomena and follow different trajectories. This has significant implications for how electromagnetism and quantum mechanics work.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121348321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Voltage-Mode Design for a Spectrum Channelizer with PWM-LO Based Sub-band Gain Control","authors":"Ki Yong Kim, D. Pan, R. Gharpurey","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866430","url":null,"abstract":"A spectrum channelizer employing a frequency-folded analog-to-digital converter (FF-ADC) architecture with the ability to control the amplitude of LO harmonics using pulse-width-modulated LOs (PWM-LOs), that uses voltage-mode downconversion is described in this work. The approach requires a single voltage-mode input amplifier to drive the downconversion switches. Frequency-folding and sub-band gain control are achieved in a single signal path. This is in contrast to prior work that used a current-mode approach, and required a main FF-ADC path and a separate auxiliary path for sub-band gain control. By avoiding the requirement for an auxiliary input path, the approach presented here is shown to significantly simplify the signal chain, with identical gain-scaling capability.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114617369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Sub-100μW 2GHz OOK PA for IoT Applications","authors":"Kejia Wang, Sravya Alluri, Xinyu Zhang, V. Leung","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866357","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-low power (ULP) sub-100μW OOK power amplifier (PA) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications is developed. The PA features dual supply voltages, an optimized inverter-based driver with small conduction angle, and a Class-C output stage to drive 50Ω load with high efficiency. Measurements show the 65nm CMOS PA delivers −22.4dBm output power with 11% drain efficiency (DE) at 2GHz, which is one of the most efficient 2GHz PA for ULP applications.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121886518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hip Motion Measurement and Classification Using Millimeter Wave Radar and Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"Drew G. Bresnahan, Yang Li","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866093","url":null,"abstract":"After hip joint injury or replacement surgery, patients must undergo regular hip motion rehabilitation. This study seeks to replace the in-person doctor’s assessment with noncontact radar sensing. Multiple test subjects perform three hip motion patterns while being scanned by a millimeter wave radar. The micro-Doppler signatures are processed into a spectrogram image format for analysis. The different hip motions exhibit unique time-frequency features which are exploited by a convolutional neural network to classify the activities.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116616204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Impedance Model for Differentially-fed Proximity-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas","authors":"Nim R. Ccoillo Ramos, J. Salazar-Cerreno","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866490","url":null,"abstract":"This work provides a new analytical model to estimate the impedance response of proximity-coupled microstrip patch antennas excited with a differential feed network. The proposed model has been validated in S- and X-bands. Results show high accuracy estimation of the impedance response over a wide range of frequencies in both bands. This contribution enables analytical modeling of differentially-fed microstrip patch antennas that can be used in radar and communication systems that requires large bandwidth and high polarization purity.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"30 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125468543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, Modeling, and Simulation of a 2.4 GHz Near-field Phased-Array based Wireless Power Transfer System for Brain Neuromodulation Applications","authors":"N. Saha, I. Mahbub","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866412","url":null,"abstract":"To avoid interruption of experiment and risk of infection, wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques have been used to eliminate the bulky wires and batteries attached to the animals in rodent electrophysiological applications for long-term in-vivo electrophysiological recordings. Headstage-based neuromodulation device has become one of the most popular methods for neural stimulation in recent times. In this work, a wireless power transfer system is designed which provides a constant power to a headstage based optogenetic stimulator. The proposed research is composed of two parts: i) a unidirectional 28 cm × 21 cm phased array transmitter antenna, and ii) an electrically small bi-directional 2.4 cm × 2.4 cm receiver antenna. A phased array transmitter antenna is designed to provide a uniform power transmission over the 27 cm × 23 cm × 16 cm rat behavioral cage area. The proposed WPT scheme utilizes a near-field power transmission scheme at 2.4 GHz frequency. Simulation results show that the transmitter antenna achieves a -24 dB and receiver antenna achieves a −27 dB return loss (S11) at the resonating frequency. The proposed WPT system shows a maximum of 24.5% power transfer efficiency (PTE) when the receiver is in the center position and is 10 cm distance apart from the transmitter, which is much higher compared to the other state-of-the-art works. The transmitter antenna steers beam from −21° to 27° in ϕ axis and −108° to 74° in θ axis which covers the maximum 6.27 cm2 area of the cage. The preliminary simulation results of the proposed WPT module show a better prospect for future optogenetics based applications.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123848784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guanella Transformer/Balun Implemented with Planar Transformer Technology","authors":"J. Mclean","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866125","url":null,"abstract":"The planar transformer is a relatively new implementation of the conventional magnetically-coupled transformer which is widely used in switched-mode power converter designs with switching frequencies below 1 MHz. Planar transformers and the associated soft ferrite cores have evolved tremendously over the past two decades and provide outstanding performance. The planar transformer design is intrinsically compatible with printed circuit media. However, there are manifold additional merits to this approach, in particular heat transfer and power handling. As improvements are made in active devices the switching frequency of switched-mode converters has continually increased into the RF regime. The planar transformer is a conventional transformer relying exclusively on magnetic coupling for its operation; inter-winding capacitance is deleterious to its performance. Inter-winding capacitance exists in any conventional transformer, but it particularly pronounced in a planar transformer due to the stacked planar windings. Here we adapt the transmission-line or Guanella transformer techniques to the planar core to obtain improved high frequency performance. A full-wave electromagnetic simulation of a 1:4 impedance transforming Guanella balun is performed using the commercial finite element software HFSS. Essentially, the Guanella transformer/ balun absorbs the inter-winding capacitance into the design where it is complemented by the leakage inductance to provide flat high frequency response. This approach should benefit high-frequency, switched-mode power converter design as well as traditional RF applications, especially those with low impedance levels, such as matching to active devices, which are very difficult to achieve with traditional Guanella designs.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128751677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vani Vellanki, D. Jackson, D. Onofrei, S. Sengupta
{"title":"RCS Reduction of an Object for an Arbitrarily-Polarized Signal Using an Active Microstrip Antenna","authors":"Vani Vellanki, D. Jackson, D. Onofrei, S. Sengupta","doi":"10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS55582.2022.9866212","url":null,"abstract":"The radar cross section (RCS) of an object is reduced by using an active cancellation strategy, with a microstrip patch antenna used to radiate a cancelling signal. By using a square patch with two feeds, it is possible to eliminate the scattering from the object for an incident wave of arbitrary polarization, for a given frequency and fixed angle of incidence.","PeriodicalId":447341,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131100818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}