Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Smart liveable cities: plans or forms?","authors":"A. Elshater, Hisham Abusaada, H. AlWaer","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.2022.175.3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.2022.175.3.98","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88828080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Have European ‘smart city’ initiatives improved the quality of their citizens’ lives: searching for the evidence","authors":"K. Paskaleva, I. Cooper","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.22.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.22.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the EU has promoted the use of Smart City initiatives (SCIs) as means of - amongst other goals - improving citizens’ quality of life (QoL). This paper examines whether literature in the public domain, reporting such initiatives in Europe, contains empirical evidence validating the causal relationship posited between SCIs and QoL. The main question explored is: Is there evidence in the public domain that European ‘smart city’ initiatives have improved the quality of their citizens’ lives? A broadly based literature review was undertaken to discover whether those chronicling such initiatives report success – in terms of achieving the objectives/benefits they set themselves. Key literature selected from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar was critically examined to establish what current, public domain evidence suggests about the ability of SC initiatives to improve the quality of citizens’ lives. This review yielded 35 non-duplicated publications related to ‘quality of life’ as a goal of smart city initiatives – as signposted by their titles. These articles were searched using five terms: objectives, benefits, outcomes, causal relationships and evidence. Seven papers, for which full texts were available, were then subjected to detailed content analyses. The findings show that published evidence dealing with this causal relationship is scant. Existing literature is strong on upfront promotion of the need for SCIs but weak on what they have delivered on the ground. Like the meaning of QoL itself in SC initiatives, the ‘benefits’ delivered on this front are not unpacked. As a result, despite their decade long history, the performance of, and outcomes from, European SC initiatives remain poorly understood. This is partly owing to the dearth of published evidence about these issues, compounded by the inadequate research designs adopted for such initiatives, especially by the insufficient attention given to reporting on their implementation or to evaluations of what they have achieved in practice. Disentanglement of empirical measurement of QoL before and after SC initiatives will be crucial for rectifying this.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90037488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban design as a specialised, evidence-based, coordinated educational and professional endeavour","authors":"O. Romice, D. Rudlin, H. AlWaer, M. Greaves, K. Thwaites, S. Porta","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.22.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.22.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Urban environments are complex, impacting on climate change, social justice and health globally and locally. Their spatial, social, economic, environmental dimensions are interlinked and must be studied from a complexity viewpoint. Yet, whilst complexity has successfully entered urban scholarship and practice in many fields, urban form, a key component of urban environments, is not yet studied in these terms and consequently they are not yet designed as complex. This paper argues that the discipline of urban design should be (re)defined as the understanding and design of urban environments as places of organised complexity. It can become the discipline best placed to manage a useful global overview of sustainable placemaking. It does so by tracing urban design's historical relationships and attitudes towards the evolution of the city, contrasting definitions of complexity in science, with the deterministic way in which the early urban design practitioners viewed design. It then looks at urban design's relationship with other design professions in the UK and suggest its lack of clarity and efficiency is an enduring consequence of this historic trajectory. Finally, it proposes urban design as the discipline concerned with the understanding and design of complex-adaptive urban environments and advocate its establishment as an independent profession.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75212176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: City singularity and paradigms of urban forms pluralist","authors":"A. Elshater, Hisham Abusaada, H. AlWaer","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.2022.175.2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.2022.175.2.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative public space: experiences and lessons from Indonesian cities","authors":"T. Panjaitan, D. Pojani, Sébastien Darchen","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.21.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.21.00005","url":null,"abstract":"This study centres on alternative public space in Indonesian cities in the post-Reformation era. Through in-depth interviews with experts and personal observations of a variety of public spaces in Bandung and Surabaya, we explore: (a) the concept of ‘alternative public space’ in the context of Indonesian cities, (b) the actors that have driven the emergence of these ‘alternative public spaces’ and their motivations, and (c) issues around the management and maintenance of ‘alternative public space.’ We find that the role of the community is very significant here. Alternative public spaces are not necessarily publicly owned, managed, and maintained. However, these shortcomings do not necessarily result in negative outcomes, as long as alternative public spaces are not co-opted but continue to fulfil community needs and aspirations.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89960901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed Method for Determining the Population Carrying Capacity of Cities: the City-Mass Index","authors":"Murat Özdemir, Hatice Ayataç, E. Cenan İnce","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.21.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.21.00041","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing urbanisation has led to changes in the population distribution in cities and, thus, unbalanced urban development. This study aimed to estimate the current population loads of cities by determining the balanced distribution of a country's population on the basis of the natural, physical and sectoral factors in cities. The study was informed by the following perspective: Cities are not independent structures. They belong to an ecosystem that includes the other cities in the country; thus, their share of the population should be in accordance with their stiffness calculated from its natural, physical and sectoral factors. An outcome of the study is to suggest the city-mass index model, which is inspired by the body mass index, to estimate the population loads of cities. The theoretical model, whose effectiveness was confirmed by the results of the analytical hierarchical process, was tested in Turkey and converted into concrete outputs.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89529618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban transport resilience to current weather and future climate: an interdisciplinary perspective from Rio de Janeiro","authors":"E. Ferranti, D. Oberling, A. Quinn","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.21.00006a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.21.00006a","url":null,"abstract":"Weather causes damage and disruption to public transport, especially in developing megacities where transport demand is high, trip-lengths can be long, and poor socio-economic conditions exacerbate impacts. Here, an analytical framework overviews urban transport resilience to current weather and future climate in Rio de Janeiro. It describes how heavy rainfall and high temperatures impact on rail, metro, and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) networks, and characterises the triggers, actors and linkages that combine to create barriers or pathways to transport resilience. There are three improvements to weather and climate resilience, namely; (i) the creation of Centre of Operations Rio (Centro de Operações Rio; COR) to co-ordinate daily operations and disaster response, (ii) a series of innovations in operational integration enabled by co-locating services within COR; and, (iii) infrastructure investment prior to the Olympic Games, which increased transport provision. The results highlight the need for integration and leadership across the private transport sector and demonstrate how resilience to current weather and future climate is intrinsically linked to sustainable urban mobility and should be considered in state and municipal planning strategies for housing, public services, and commercial and industrial development. Without adaptation, climate change will exacerbate existing systemic problems identified by the framework.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76337040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From uniqueness to singularity through city prestige","authors":"A. Elshater, Hisham Abusaada","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.21.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.21.00046","url":null,"abstract":"This article as a briefing explains the difference between ‘city uniqueness’ and ‘city singularity’ and emphasises how a city's notoriety promotes its unique characteristics in a deliberate direction toward the singularity. This viewpoint asserts that the significant urban forms are responsible for cities’ uniqueness. In contrast, city singularity is concerned with the tangible and intangible components of urban form and city life. Events or daily life experiences, an ambiance that authentically captures its history’, chronicles, ideologies, religions, beliefs, and human values are the intangible aspects of cities that confer prestige on the unique forms of cities and promote singularity. The concluding remarks reveal the commonalities between the two terms, distinguishing the imageability of tangible urban forms (e.g. star architecture and artefacts). Having a strong psychological sense of place provides a city with a good reputation, a good name, and a good image, thus distinguishing it from other cities, as evidenced by our contribution of proposing a method for determining the distinctions between these words.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84448899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Sustainable Smart Cities: A Contextual Study on Digital Participatory Planning Policies and Readiness Assessment in Oman","authors":"Nibras Sameer, C. Alalouch, M. Saleh, S. Al-Saadi, Ashraf Saleem","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.21.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.21.00040","url":null,"abstract":"Many cities are undergoing a transition toward sustainable smart cities (SSC) that are built on advanced IT infrastructure and support social justice. In order to achieve a smooth and effective transition to SSC, policies and delivery mechanisms should be put in place, and the readiness of both the government and the society should be assessed. This study focuses on Digital Participatory Planning (DPP) as a precondition for social sustainability in SSC and aims to summarize and assess the current relevant local policies and endeavors in Oman; and to develop a generic framework to evaluate the readiness for DPP. In doing so, selective key literature, policies and initiatives were critically reviewed covering the SSC concept, establishing the link between the SSC and DPP, and eliciting a list of comprehensive DPP readiness factors. The results indicated that the Omani government has a clear will to move toward SSC and the country has already witnessed few initiatives supporting this direction. However, there is a lack of a clear action plan regarding DPP. Therefore, more work is required to systemize efforts. The study provides a generic framework to assess the readiness of the government and society for DPP and concludes with recommendations for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90351140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Urbanism: An evolving field of scholarship and professional practice","authors":"C. Balsas","doi":"10.1680/jurdp.21.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.21.00036","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable Urbanism is an evolving field of scholarship and professional practice, especially across the Atlantic Ocean. This research note provides an individual account of how the field emerged and evolved at the turn of the millennium. It utilizes some of Jane Jacobs’ thinking to introduce Sustainable Urbanism – History, Economic-Environmental Knowledge, and Professional Practice while revealing ample future research avenues to strengthen and augment the field's place-based teaching and research dimensions. It does so by presenting a number of contrasting case studies in Portugal (the Iberian Peninsula), the United States (North America), and Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) (Southeast Asia) in terms of size, density, morphology, lifestyles and territorial governance practices, which are key to understanding the main arguments put forward. It is argued that communication of best practices and mutual learning of policy innovations across geo-spatial scales ought to be accentuated in order to improve Jane Jacob's relatively weary, nonetheless pivotal, view of urban planning's reputation to adequately, efficiently, and equitably resolve pressing urban complexities.","PeriodicalId":44716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80704195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}