{"title":"The Impacts of Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and COVID-19 Pandemic on BIST Petrochemical Market","authors":"Seval Mutlu Çamoğlu","doi":"10.22440/wjae.7.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/wjae.7.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Stock markets are developing with the economic growth of the countries in a liberal market economy. Petrochemicals is an indicator of the performance of the country's industry with high inter-industry linkage by providing input to several sectors, producing various outputs with a certain number of raw materials. The COVID-19 pandemic period has affected all markets worldwide and caused fluctuations in the index values of large firms in the petrochemical industry in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). This study analyzes the impact of the pandemic period and change in the oil prices and exchange rate on the petrochemical market in Turkey. The monthly data of petrochemical stock market index, exchange rate, oil prices are used in this time series analysis. A pandemic information index representing the COVID-19 pandemic was derived and included in the model. According to the results, it is observed that the most important determinant of the fluctuations on the BIST petrochemical index is the oil prices. While a shock in oil prices negatively affects the BIST petrochemical index, the petrochemical index responds positively to the shock in the pandemic index.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127837841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Pays for Renewables? Increasing Renewable Subsidisation due to Increased Datacentre Demand in Ireland","authors":"M. Lynch, M. Devine","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Demand from datacentres makes up a rapidly growing portion of electricity demand in Ireland. Increased demand in turn gives rise to increased renewable generation, mandated by government targets, and a corresponding increase in subsidisation levels. The current method of apportioning renewable subsidy costs may lead to consumers other than datacentres bearing this excess cost of subsidisation. This letter calculates the expected impact on these consumers.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124098237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavelet Leader and Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Market Efficiency: Evidence from the WAEMU Market Index","authors":"Oumou Kalsoum Diallo, P. Mendy","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.5.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.5.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) has been a hot topic since its introduction in the 1960s. This problematic is a current topic and has been the subject of many studies with different methods. This paper examines the weak-form efficiency of the WAEMU stock exchange from 11/04/2008 to 23/08/2016. We combined the wavelets approaches and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) to analyse the efficient market hypothesis of the BRVM10 index of the WAEMU regional stock change. Our findings show that the log return of BRVM10 index exhibits a persistent and multifractal process.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125228948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Credit, Capital Flows and Monetary Policy: A Post-Keynesian Analysis","authors":"N. Ekinci","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.4.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.4.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The credit channel literature implicitly relies on the fact that capital spending requires and depends on financing and that credit is the main form of financing. The mainstream model tries to avoid this implication by recourse to artificial concepts and variables such as the “external finance” premium. We, by contrast, explicitly model capital expenditures as a function of the credit volume along with other relevant variables. This formulation has roots in the Post-Keynesian logico-temporal ordering of production and the realization of income. The inclusion of credit in expenditure functions result in a simple income determination model making the roles of credit and monetary policy transparent. A financial block is added to the model to determine the interest rates and credit aggregates. Principles of consistent macro modelling on Post-Keynesian principles are carefully delineated. In particular, the principle of Keynesian dichotomy and necessity of an appropriate lead-lag structure in simultaneous equation models compatible with the logico-temporal ordering of production is stressed. A comparative static/dynamic example based on the model demonstrates the ability of the model in generating a reasonable account of possible outcomes in response to changes to underlying conditions.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132869344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wage Gap and Employment Status in Indian Labour Market: Quantile Based Counterfactual Analysis","authors":"Panchanan Das","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.4.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.4.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the extent of wage gap between workers in permanent and temporary jobs but in roughly similar occupation types by evaluating the impact of workers' characteristics and education. The differential effects of the covariates on wage gap at different locations of the wage distribution are estimated by applying quantile regression model. After estimating the differential effects the relevance of glass ceiling or sticky floor hypothesis has been tested with Indian data. The wage gap between temporary and permanent employment is decomposed into endowment effect based on the difference in labour market characteristics and coefficient effect based on the difference in returns for the same characteristics. The study observes that the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers is wider at the upper tail of the distribution not rejecting the glass ceiling hypothesis. The decomposition analysis suggests that the wage gap presents in the Indian labour market primarily because of discrimination measured by the coefficients effects.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131901108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Military Expenditure on Profit Rates: Evidence from Major Countries","authors":"A. Elveren, Sara Hsu","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.4.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.4.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides evidence of the effect of military expenditures on the rate of profits by focusing on 32 major countries for the period of 1963-2008 by using data from the Extended Penn World Tables, the University of Texas Inequality Project Estimated Household Income Inequality, the World Development Indicator, and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. The article employs a Generalized Method of Moment model within a Marxist framework. Findings show that military expenditures have positive effect on the rate of profits. It is also showed that increasing income inequality increases the rate of profits. Finally, the findings suggest that while military expenditures have a positive effect on the profit rates in the case of both armsexporting countries and net-arms exporters, the relationship is not that significant in the case of arms-importing countries.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123443791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-Crisis Growth and Development Slowdown of Central Eastern European Countries from the Middle-Income Trap Perspective","authors":"Krisztina Sőreg","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.4.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.4.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"There seems to be no compelling reason to argue that the financial crisis of 2007-08 has significantly contributed to the deepening of centre-periphery based development issues in the European Union. In current paper the post-crisis increase and development slowdown of Central Eastern European Countries - and from a broader perspective - the post-transition growth path of the region is examined. One of our main hypotheses is that the process of accession to the EU - by stimulating foreign investment to the region - has strongly contributed to the signifcant pre-crisis development and to the post-crisis persistent growth slowdown in Central Eastern European Countries. During the recent crisis, the above-mentioned nation states have been dealing with several socio-economic difficulties raising considerable financing needs towards the IMF. It can be assumed that the long-standing structural problems of the post-Soviet countries combined with the latest protracted recession have created a middle-income trap related situation in the examined region. In this paper, we are providing a brief review of the CEECs' development from central planning towards market economies state followed by a global economic outlook of the post-2008 growth. We are also analysing some middle-income trap episodes of the region focusing on the special case of Hungary's post-transition development path.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125332585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Portuguese Manufacturing Sector during 2013-2016 after the Troika Austerity Measures","authors":"K. Murillo, E. Rocha","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.4.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.4.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This work studies the effects of the Troika austerity measures on the Portuguese manufacturing firms in terms of efficiency scores. We adopted a non-parametric approach, which combines multidirectional efficiency analysis with other techniques, to examine two empirical hypotheses after the financial crisis and corresponding intervention of the Troika measures: (a) the performance of firms in the manufacturing sector has improved; (b) the manufacturing sector significantly acquired long-term debt but use it in an efficient way. Our results show that validation of the first hypothesis heavily depends on the firm size, and the second hypothesis is correct only with respect to long-term debt acquiring. In fact, some sectors have managed to maintain an acceptable level of efficiency, according to the circumstances, however, most of them have showed some inefficiency in the management of resources and less than 10% have been able to overcome the difficulties emerged after the intervention of the Troika. A common tool to overcome a crisis is the acquisition of long-term debts, which was done by 77% of firms; but with a lower gain, since it was the most efficient input resourced used. On the contrary, our results show that the number of employees and total assets are better leverage to maintain efficiency.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133107134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutions and Resource-driven Development","authors":"L. Szalai","doi":"10.22440/WJAE.4.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22440/WJAE.4.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"According to the resource curse hypothesis abundant resources are likely to impede economic growth and social development. However, empirical evidences are controversial as numerous studies found that the direct effects of abundance are either in significant, non-monotonic, or positive, while the negative indirect effects arise when natural wealth crowds-out other fundamental sources of growth. Further research on the different development outcomes concluded that the growth effects are also conditional on the quality of both public and private institutions. Political economy explanations argue that abundance leads to patronage and myopic rent-seeking behaviour under weak institutions, whereas it fosters economic growth if the institutional environment of the extraction promotes sound revenue management, transparency, and accountability. This paper aims to synthetize the ndings on the interaction between institutions and natural resources and gives an overview of the policy proposals on mitigating the negative indirect effects.","PeriodicalId":447082,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114931096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}