TransportRN eJournal最新文献

{"title":"The Panic of 1873 and the \"Long Depression\" (A)","authors":"R. Bruner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3233302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3233302","url":null,"abstract":"In 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes must decide whether to sign the Bland-Allison Act and commit the United States to minting silver coins and thus return to a bimetal standard of currency. At issue is whether to grow the nation's money supply to sustain its galloping rate of economic development, or to constrain the money supply growth to enable the country to return to the international gold standard at the pre–Civil War parity to the British pound. National sentiment immediately after the war had been on the side of currency deflation, but the Panic of 1873 marked a turn in sentiment toward inflation. These cases focus on how and why that turn occurred, and its consequences. Excerpt UVA-F-1824 Rev. Sept. 23, 2020 The Panic of 1873 and the “Long Depression” (A) In February 1878, the US Congress passed the Bland-Allison Act and delivered it to President Rutherford B. Hayes for his endorsement into law. The act required the government to purchase silver each year and to coin it into currency. Signing this act would recommit the government to a bimetal monetary standard linking the dollar to gold and silver at the ratio of 16:1, valuing each US dollar at 16 ounces of silver or 1 ounce of gold. Arguments for and against this law stemmed from the financial legacy of the Civil War: massive debts, suspension of government specie payments to service those debts, and the huge issuance of greenbacks, the paper currency that the government used to pay for the war. “Hard-money” people hated inflation and federal indebtedness, which in 1866 amounted to USD2.32billion (compared to USD64.7million in 1860). They sought to return the country to the gold standard at the prewar parity to the British pound—this would require retiring the greenback currency and committing to a policy of resumption, meaning returning to its practice of paying with gold the interest and principal on its debts. “Soft-money” people wanted to expand the money supply enough to sustain the American economy's growth. The Bland-Allison Act was a stroke on behalf of inflation. Which side should Hayes favor? The decision reflected far more than monetary economics. The United States was in the throes of unrest that strained the Republican Party's political dominance, which it had held since the Civil War. Labor unrest in the industrial centers of the country had peaked in 1877 with bloody violence and fears of a communist uprising. Sectional divisions between the industrial and agricultural regions of the country had prompted the formation of new political interest groups: silverites, the Grangers (farmers), the Greenback Party, labor unions, and miscellaneous reform groups (Exhibit1). And an extremely close vote in the presidential election of 1876 had effectively ended Reconstruction in the South and begun the Jim Crow era of suppression of African Americans' human rights and civil liberties. How had these developments related to the Panic of 1873 and the economic policies of the governme","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115246589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Generation in Computing Technology","authors":"Deepalakshmi S","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3226339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3226339","url":null,"abstract":"Technology is advancing at a quick pace. Computers become more powerful that they will eventually revolutionize humanity. Here, we will be learning about Quantum Computers & nanotechnology. Qubits or quantum bitMicroprocessor is used to sto enables you to manipulate 2 values at the same time. re information. Photons (lasers) for fast & long distance interactions When compared with classical computers, Quantum computers can calculate, sort, find, & store information more efficiently than the average classical computer. Nanotechnology is Work In More Extreme Climates. It will eventually make computers & robots reduce to subatomic size. It will eventually have medical, environmental, & scientific uses. It will help give rise to genetic therapies, antiaging treatments, & other uses such as communic ation. Scientist estimates that we should get this type of technology in a decade. Scientists are still studying & experimenting with nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125063895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquidity Risk, Environment Factor and the Performance in Logistic and Transportation Company: A Case in MISC Berhad Malaysia","authors":"Ting Kin Hoe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3182156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3182156","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the logistics and transportation industry in Malaysia during five years. From the very beginning until now, no matter those company engaged in the field of logistic and transportation will not be removed. This is because no matter what changes and sophistication of technology is happening at the present time; it is no longer able to send items/goods from somewhere to another place in the blink of an eye. Hence, the use of transport by land, sea and air is indispensable to everyone. Therefore, an analysis is applied on one of the logistics and transportation local company in Malaysia over the period between 2012 and 2016. By the way, this study was carried out using the secondary data which was obtained from the annual reports of selected local company which is MISC Berhad in consecutive years from 2012 until 2016. This study using a descriptive analysis such as credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, market risk and also economic environment to evaluate the performance of the MISC Berhad which engaged in logistics industries. The finding show that the company’s performance can be influenced by the current ratio and environment factor.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117330036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Values of Vehicle-to-Grid Electricity Selling in Electric Vehicle Sharing","authors":"Yiling Zhang, Mengshi Lu, Siqian Shen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3172116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3172116","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: We study electric vehicle (EV) sharing systems and explore the opportunity for incorporating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electricity selling in EV sharing. Academic/practical relevanc...","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124471350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of the Gross City Development Index (GCD-Index) in Tokyo, Japan","authors":"Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada, Donghyun Park","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3167738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3167738","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We introduce a new indicator of urbanization called the ”The Gross City Development Index (GCD-Index).” The GCD-Index calculation is based on the concept of city integral sustainable development platform. The platform consists of ten Main Structures, which are (i) Main Structure-1: Economic and Finance (production and consumption of goods and services, income distribution, savings ratio, public and private investment, inflation, and banking); (ii) Main Structure-2: Social (social protection coverage); (iii) Main Structure-3: Politics and Law, (iv) Main Structure-4: Technological; (v) Main Structure-5: Environment; (vi) Main Structure-6: Population (labor, education and training, immigration and migration, and unemployment); (vii) Main Structure-7: Infrastructure and Housing (real estate prices and transactions); (viii) Main Structure-8: Income and Poverty in formal and informal sectors; (ix) Main Structure-9: Public Sector (public transportation, security, health, welfare programs, and taxation); (x) Main Structure-10: Others (historical, customs, habits, religion, values, and anthropological). The objective of the GCD-Index is to offer policymakers a new analytical tool to assess urban development from a multidimensional perspective. The GCD-Index is a flexible and straightforward indicator that can be applied to analyze the development of any city. We apply the GCD-Index to study the development of Tokyo, Japan, between 2000 and 2019 to provide a sense of how the index can be used to assess the progress of integrated and sustainable urban development in a megacity.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127925877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does High-Speed Rail Really Promote Economic Growth? Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Delta Region","authors":"Yanyan Gao, Shunfeng Song, Jun Sun, Leizhen Zang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3158554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3158554","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed rail (HSR) has led to a transportation revolution in China. This paper uses county-level panel data of China’s Yangtze River region to investigate the effect of connecting to an HSR line on local economy. To address the issue of endogenous HSR route placement, we employ a straight-line strategy to construct potential HSR connection variables as instrumental variables of the actual HSR connection. Both the difference-in-differences and instrumental variable methods show that connecting to HSR impedes local economy, especially in peripheral regions. The impediment effect is channelled through population reallocation from peripheral to core areas and the restructuring of industries. Our results indicate that the polarization effects of HSR outweigh its dispersion effects, consistent with the new economic geography theory.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125673048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firm-to-Firm Connections in Colombian Imports","authors":"A. Bernard, Esther Ann Bøler, Swati Dhingra","doi":"10.3386/W24557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24557","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of world trade flows is between firms. Only recently has research in international trade started to emphasize the importance of the connections between exporters and importers both in aggregate trade flows and in the negative relationship between trade and geographic distance. This chapter documents the role of firm-to-firm connections in trade flows and the formation and duration of these importer-exporter relationships. Using customs data from Colombia for 1995-2014, we are able to identify both the Colombian importing firm and the foreign exporter in every Colombian import and export transaction. We document both the nature of these bilateral trading relationships and their evolution over time.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122829149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing and Estimating Nonlinear Long-Run Relationships between Economic Growth and Passenger Air Transport in Four South American Countries","authors":"J. Brida, Bibiana Lanzilotta, Silvia Rodríguez-Collazo, Sandra Zapata-Aguirre","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3135459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3135459","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between air transportation and economic growth in four South American countries, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, investigating the linkages without imposing a priori any parametric model to represent them. A set of free-model tests (unit root, cointegration and causality non-parametric tests) are applied to annual data (from 1970 to 2015) of per capita GDP and air transport indicators (passengers and cargo) to examine the existence of linear and nonlinear relationships between these variables. Real exchange rate is introduced in each country model in order to account for the price-effects. Results show that only Uruguay and Chile show a cointegration relationship between economic growth and air transport (and when number of air passengers represents this variable). Linearity (of the long-run relationship) was rejected for both countries, which means that the relationship between air transport and growth may have some kind of asymmetry or non-linear behavior. Nor for Argentina or Brazil and neither when air transport is represented by air cargo indicator, cointegration was found. Furthermore, nonparametric causality tests, confirm bidirectional causality from air transport to growth in Uruguay and Chile.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132282938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airline Economics: An Introductory Survey","authors":"A. Zhang, Yahua Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3030474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3030474","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has surveyed the topics in the field of airline economics, including areas such as airline costs and production, airline demand and revenue management, airline financial issues, and airline profitability. The debates in these areas are explored from an economic perspective to help readers understand contemporary economic issues and challenges facing the airline industry, and to provide the airline management with an economic way of thinking in dealing with these issues. This paper also aims to serve a purpose for air transport researchers to consider some under-researched areas where definitive answers to some interesting issues are still lacking. These include, among others, effective ways of reducing fuel cost risks such as fuel hedging and the adoption of new technologies, development of non-price competition strategies that can be used by airlines to differentiate their products, establishing new marketing strategies, and redesigning airline networks when surface transportation modes (e.g., high-speed rail) become a threat.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115033694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Funding and Management of Surface Transportation Infrastructure","authors":"Véronique de Rugy, Tracy Miller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3256399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3256399","url":null,"abstract":"Although spending on infrastructure does not, in itself, stimulate the economy, infrastructure investments can contribute to economic growth, since infrastructure is part of the economy’s capital stock. Investments in infrastructure can also benefit the economy by alleviating the problems that poor infrastructure causes. The extent to which infrastructure investment contributes to growth, however, depends on the net benefits of the projects chosen. This paper focuses on how to manage and pay for investment in, and maintenance of, transportation infrastructure in a way that maximizes the net benefits from its use and contributes to economic growth. In this regard, we conclude that federal spending is not the best approach. Instead, a better path to making needed infrastructure improvements is to reduce the role of the federal government (including the funding and management of projects) and to increase reliance on state and local governments, user fees, and private firms.","PeriodicalId":447021,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130266856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}