Russian Journal of Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Strait of Kara Gates: A Region of Strong Internal Tides in the Arctic Seas","authors":"E. Morozov, D. Frey","doi":"10.2205/2023es000860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000860","url":null,"abstract":"This is a review paper about measurements of internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait. Kara Gates is one of the straits where intense internal tides are generated by tidal currents overflowing the transversal sill of the strait. Tidal currents are superimposed on a constant current from the Barents to the Kara Sea. Field studies of internal waves in the strait were carried out in 1997, 2007, 2015, and 2016. Analysis of measurements on moorings and towed CTD in scanning mode is presented. Field studies are supported by model simulations of generation and propagation of internal tides.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85469686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear perturbations of the Bloch type of space-periodic magnetohydrodynamic steady states. I. Mathematical preliminaries","authors":"R. Chertovskih, V. Zheligovsky","doi":"10.2205/2023es000834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000834","url":null,"abstract":"We consider Bloch eigenmodes in three linear stability problems: the kinematic dynamo problem, the hydrodynamic and MHD stability problem for steady space-periodic flows and MHD states. A Bloch mode is a product of a field of the same periodicity, as the state subjected to perturbation, and a planar harmonic wave, exp(iqx). The complex exponential cancels out from the equations of the respective eigenvalue problem, and the wave vector q remains in the equations as a numeric parameter. The resultant problem has a significant advantage from the numerical viewpoint: while the Bloch mode involves two independent spatial scales, its growth rate can be computed in the periodicity box of the perturbed state. The three-dimensional space, where q resides, splits into a number of regions, inside which the growth rate is a smooth function of q. In preparation for a numerical study of the dominant (i.e., the largest over q) growth rates, we have derived expressions for the gradient of the growth rate in q and proven that, for parity-invariant flows and MHD steady states or when the respective eigenvalue of the stability operator is real, half-integer q (whose all components are integer or half-integer) are stationary points of the growth rate. In prior works it was established by asymptotic methods that high spatial scale separation (small q) gives rise to the phenomena of the α-effect or, for parity-invariant steady states, of the eddy diffusivity. We review these findings tailoring them to the prospective numerical applications.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86733853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variability of the Frontal Zones and its Eddies Generated in the Norwegian Sea","authors":"V. Travkin, A. Akhtyamova","doi":"10.2205/2023es000844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000844","url":null,"abstract":"The Norwegian Sea is the meeting place of warm and salty Atlantic waters with cold and fresh Arctic waters. The thermal and haline frontal zones (FZs) formed as a result of this interaction are areas of increased horizontal gradients of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and have a significant impact on regional circulation. Many mesoscale eddies are generated in the FZs which are actively involved in the eddy dynamics of the Norwegian Sea. The aim of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of the vertical structure of FZs in the Norwegian Sea, as well as the eddies that form within their boundaries. The work uses data from the oceanic reanalysis GLORYS12V1, as well as the Atlas of Mesoscale Eddies \"Mesoscale Eddy Trajectory Atlas product META 3.2 DT\" for the period 1993--2021. We analyze the average depth and thickness of FZs, the vertical distribution of their thermohaline gradients and areas. The work examines the seasonal and interannual variability of the volumes of thermal and haline FZs, the seasonal and interannual variability of mesoscale eddies, their spatial distribution, trajectories, and main parameters. In some areas, deepening of FZs has been established, and their thickness can reach 900 m. The presence of significant haline gradients in the layer of 250--750 m has been found, while thermal FZs can be traced vertically up to 1000 m compared with haline FZs. In some FZs, the interannual variability may exceed the seasonal one. The greatest variability of haline FZs can be traced in the autumn period, and the smallest -- in the winter--spring. It is noticeable in the summer period that thermal FZs weaken. Eddies can leave the boundaries of the FZs and move away from the place of origin for hundreds of kilometers. The number and lifetime of cyclones exceed similar estimates for anticyclones, while anticyclones travel long distances compared to cyclones.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75153141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical variability of the intensity of the frontal zones of the Norwegian Sea","authors":"V. Travkin, A. Akhtyamova","doi":"10.2205/2023000844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023000844","url":null,"abstract":"The Norwegian Sea is the meeting place of warm and salty Atlantic waters with cold and fresh Arctic waters. The thermal and haline frontal zones (FZs) formed as a result of this interaction are areas of increased horizontal gradients of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and have a significant impact on regional circulation. Many mesoscale eddies are generated in the FZs which are actively involved in the eddy dynamics of the Norwegian Sea. The aim of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of the vertical structure of FZs in the Norwegian Sea, as well as the eddies that form within their boundaries. The work uses data from the oceanic reanalysis GLORYS12V1, as well as the Atlas of Mesoscale Eddies \"Mesoscale Eddy Trajectory Atlas product META 3.2 DT\" for the period 1993--2021. We analyze the average depth and thickness of FZs, the vertical distribution of their thermohaline gradients and areas. The work examines the seasonal and interannual variability of the volumes of thermal and haline FZs, the seasonal and interannual variability of mesoscale eddies, their spatial distribution, trajectories, and main parameters. In some areas, deepening of FZs has been established, and their thickness can reach 900 m. The presence of significant haline gradients in the layer of 250--750 m has been found, while thermal FZs can be traced vertically up to 1000 m compared with haline FZs. In some FZs, the interannual variability may exceed the seasonal one. The greatest variability of haline FZs can be traced in the autumn period, and the smallest -- in the winter--spring. It is noticeable in the summer period that thermal FZs weaken. Eddies can leave the boundaries of the FZs and move away from the place of origin for hundreds of kilometers. The number and lifetime of cyclones exceed similar estimates for anticyclones, while anticyclones travel long distances compared to cyclones.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85560945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Long Waves in the Area of Cape Svobodny (South-Eastern Part of Sakhalin Island) During the Passage of Cyclones","authors":"A. Kurkin, D. Kovalev, O. Kurkina, Petr Kovalev","doi":"10.2205/2023es000852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000852","url":null,"abstract":"The study of marine wave processes was carried out according to field observations using two autonomous wave recorders, temperature and weather station installed near Cape Svobodny, south-east coast of Sakhalin (Russia). Spectral and cross-spectral analysis showed the existence of edge waves with a period of about 10.7 min. Measurements in 2021 showed that the edge wave existing from Cape Ostry to Cape Svobodny, just beyond the cape Svobodny significantly weakens and does not spread further. The analysis of temperature fluctuations for the period range 1-80 hours showed that since the periods of spectral density peaks of water temperature fluctuations for periods longer than 5 hours do not coincide with the periods of peaks of sea level fluctuations, these peaks are determined by internal waves. Temperature fluctuations with a period of 25.5 hours detected by peaks in the spectra can be excited by shelf waves with the same period because of their interaction with islands, coastal currents and baroclinic instability. The analysis of cyclone wakes based on the time course of temperature fluctuations made it possible to establish that cyclone wakes are formed when the water temperature of the upper mixed layer exceeds 10 °C, and internal waves with a period of about 13 hours are also present when cyclones do not move near the point of installation of devices and the water temperature is below 10 °C. The Burger number is determined, which makes it possible to correct the range of existence near inertial internal waves and determine this range periods of 12.1-18.2 hours. Using the results of a simple linear Phillips model, the possibility of baroclinic instability for periods of shelf waves is estimated. It is shown that baroclinic instability is possible for waves with a period of 13.1 hours, and even more so for shelf waves with a significantly longer wavelength.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80572963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number of Storms in Several Russian Seas: Trends and Connection to Large-Scale Atmospheric Indices","authors":"S. Myslenkov, Elizaveta Kruglova, A. Medvedeva, K. Silvestrova, V. Arkhipkin, A. Akpınar, S. Dobrolyubov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000828","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the recurrence of extreme wind waves in the World Ocean are connected with the global climate change. The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries are characterized by significant climate warming, the reduction of the Arctic sea ice and changes in the recurrence of various extreme meteorological events. The main motivation of this research is to assess the trends of storm recurrence for the time period from 1979 up to 2020 and to analyze the connection between storminess and large-scale atmospheric circulation indexes. This research contains information about the number of storms that occurred in seven Russian Seas, including the Black, Caspian, Barents, Kara, Bering Seas, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan/East Sea. These seas are located in different climate conditions determined by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans. The analysis of wave climate and storm activity is based on the results of wave modelling by WAVEWATCH III with input NCEP/CFSR wind and ice data. The mean plots, maximum, and 95% percentile sig-nificant wave heights are also presented in the research. Significant linear uptrends in the number of storms were found in the Kara, Caspian, Bering, Okhotsk Seas, and in the Sea of Japan. The relationship between the inter-annual variability of the number of storms and large-scale at-mospheric indexes is considered.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85663006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Space Weather on the Reliability of the Transport System Functioning at High Latitudes","authors":"V. Pilipenko, A. Chernikov, A. Soloviev, N. Yagova, Yaroslav Saharov, D. Kudin, D. Kostarev, O. Kozyreva, A. Vorobiev, A. Belov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000824","url":null,"abstract":"The review offered for the first time in the Russian scientific literature is devoted to various aspects of the problem of the impact of space weather on ground transport systems. An analysis of available information indicates that space weather disturbances can affect rail infrastructure through both direct and indirect effects on system components. One of the main hazards is geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in grounded extended structures excited by the geomagnetic field disturbances. The telluric electric fields and currents associated with them can cause power outages and malfunctions in the railway automation track circuits. Indirect impact is possible through disturbances in the stable supply of electricity, disturbances in communication systems and in the appearance of positioning errors in global navigation satellite systems. The review provides information necessary for engineers of transport and energy systems about the main factors of space weather that could pose a threat to such systems. Examples of the influence of geomagnetic disturbances on the automatic signaling of the northern sections of Russian Railways are given. The prospects for monitoring space weather and the aurora oval for the needs of Russian Railways are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74151048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic course 2020-2022: description by methods of mathematical statistics and discrete mathematical analysis","authors":"Alexei Gvishiani, A. Odintsova, E. Rovenskaya, Grigory Boyarshinov, I. Belov, M. Dobrovolsky","doi":"10.2205/2023es000839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000839","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the course of the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of mathematical statistics and discrete mathematical analysis (DMA) methods. The method of regression derivatives and FCARS algorithm as components of DMA will be for the first time tested outside of geophysics problems. The algorithm is applied to time series of the number of new cases of COVID-19 infections per day for some regions of Russia and the Republic of Austria. This allowed to assess the nature and anomalies of pandemic spread as well as restrictive measures and decisions taken in terms of the administration of countries and territories. It was shown that these methods can be used to identify time intervals of change in the nature of the incidence rate and areas with the most severe course of the epidemic. This made it possible to identify the most significant restrictive measures that allowed to reduce the growth of the disease.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78809189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"DIVING\" CYCLONES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR IMPACT ON THE COASTS OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC SEA","authors":"Z. Stont, V. Bobykina, M. Ulyanova","doi":"10.2205/2023es000827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000827","url":null,"abstract":"observed on the coast of the South-East Baltic has been made. According to the trajectories reconstructed using the HYSPLIT calculation model, cyclones with a northern trajectory, the so-called \"diving\" cyclones, are identified. A register of such cyclones has been compiled, showing their increasing occurrence: since the 80s of the last century, two such cyclones have passed (1981 and 1983), and since the beginning of this century, over a 22-year period – 14. They differ in a significant acceleration length – about 1000 km from the Gulf of Bothnia to the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea and have high potential energy. At the same time, atmospheric vortices cause wind waves up to 7–8 meters high. They are associated with significant, sometimes cata-strophic, erosion and retreat of natural coasts, especially the northern exposure, as well as the destruction of the coastal infrastructure of resort towns, including federal ones, historically con-centrated on the northern coast of the Sambia Peninsula of the Kaliningrad Region. The degree of destruction after the impact of each cyclone depends on the prehistory of its formation and development, the height of the surge of coastal waters, and the morphological features of the coast. \u0000There are two main scenarios for the development of seasonal storm activity. For example, in the winter season 2011–2012 and 2018–2019. after active cyclones with strong westerly winds of more than 20 m/s, which raised the water level in the sea to +40–60 cm, the approach of a \"diving\" cyclone with storm northerly winds caused an instant \"splash\" of the level up to +100-120 cm above the ordinary (the marked maximum is 160 cm), which corresponds in order of magnitude to the heights of the beach. The second scenario is associated with the development of a series (cluster) of cyclones. It manifested itself especially clearly in the winter season of 2022, when four “diving” cyclones passed with short windows of good weather. The western cyclone was the final one. A state of emergency has been declared on the coast of the Kaliningrad region. Both scenarios of the passage of \"diving\" cyclones are associated with the greatest storm damage to the coast of the Kaliningrad region.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84835718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent composition of sapropels as a basis for perfection of technique and technology of their dehydration","authors":"R. Dashko, D. Vlasov, Z. Pushina, T. Utenkova, S. Ivanov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000840","url":null,"abstract":"Sapropel is natural organic material, which is used in many industries, such as agriculture, medicine, pharmaceutical, manufacture of energy carriers and building materials. However, the widespread use of sapropel is associated with its high hydrophilicity and moisture capacity, leading to technological difficulties with sapropel dehydration to required humidity, depending on its further application. The article discusses various aspects sapropel beneficial application, primarily the advantages of the use of sapropel as a fertilizer for cultivated areas, and for the reclamation of industri-al wastelands and mined lands. As a part of this study, experimental research of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of sapropel of Savelievskoye field of the Yaroslavl region was conducted. Based on the results of this research, the nature of the high hydrophilicity of sapropel of Savelievskoye field and the possibilities of reducing its humidity for the production of fertilizers is revealed.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80392854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}