European Journal of Social Security最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Economically-dependent workers as part of a decent economy: International, European and comparative perspective by Claudia Schubert (ed.)","authors":"Marco Biasi","doi":"10.1177/13882627221125809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221125809","url":null,"abstract":"et al. investigates ethnic diversity in the workplace, Lenard focuses on the relationships between diversity and trusting relationships, while Hootegem et al. provide insight into the relationships between redistributive solidarity and ethnic diversity. Part V, which makes the volume most innovative, presents the perspective of the sending countries (Global South). The four studies address interesting topics one by one, such as the relationship between remittances and the development of the Global South (Makhlouf-Atta), issues of food security in Bangladesh (Moniruzzaman-Roberts), the role of diasporas (Mavroudi) and the difficulties of building a global migration system (Wise). Overall, the volume provides an excellent summary of the challenges of migration today and tries to show the dilemmas of both receiving and sending countries. However, the focus on the north-south division seems incomplete. The issues of migration are also present among the countries of the northern hemisphere, even they relate to labour migration for the most part. It would have been worthwhile to examine migration of citizens of Eastern European countries to the West more widely, especially through studies by authors from the region. However, space limitations obviously did not allow for this, so I recommend continuing the series based on the above. I recommend the volume to all those who wish to conduct research in the field of migration and or who would like to gain more insight into the subject. It will be useful mostly for researchers and students, and it may be more difficult to follow for lay readers due to the technical terms and the complexity of the topic. Although the studies are high-quality, in many cases the findings are not new. Several studies highlight that ambiguous findings emerged in respect of certain questions, which means that we need to study the relevant area more thoroughly.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45298811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Income in Ireland: The Development of Two Pilots","authors":"H. Johnston","doi":"10.1177/13882627221109287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221109287","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of Irish dalliances with basic income over the last 40 years in the context of social security reform. A government Green Paper on Basic Income was published in 2002, but the proposals were never progressed. Now, the current 2020 Programme for Government contains a commitment to pilot basic income within the lifetime of the Government. It has transpired that two basic income schemes are being developed – a universal basic income scheme by the Government's Low Pay Commission and a sectoral basic income scheme for artists. The arts proposal is being led by the Green Party Minister for the Arts, a long-time advocate of basic income. The work of the Low Pay Commission is overseen by the Fine Gael leader and Minister for Employment, who has not traditionally supported basic income. Public discourse claims that these are separate proposals with a lack of clarity on whether they will be progressed separately, one will inform the other, or they will become integrated. The work in Ireland has drawn upon other basic income experiments taking place in Europe, especially the Finnish experience. The work to date can make a unique contribution to understanding basic income experimentation in Europe, especially through a government-led, twin-track approach.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project","authors":"Leire Rincón García","doi":"10.1177/13882627221123347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221123347","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of universal basic income is recieving increasing attention in the political, media and public agendas. This policy proposal constitutes a radical departure from the orthodox welfare rationale of giving to those in need, or attaching conditions to welfare support. Given the permutation that a UBI presents, many pilot projects and field experiments are being carried out globally to test the effects of this novel policy idea. Key questions arise from these developments: are the lessons learned from these experiments being fed back into the policy process? Are the pilot project results guiding and informing policymakers? Overall, can we observe any political effects of such scientific efforts? I address these questions through a qualitative case study analysis of the B-Mincome project. Through an in-depth analysis of this pilot, some of the key factors influencing the (limited) policy and political effects of the pilot project have been identified. The B-Mincome case study shows that the barriers to policy change were in place well before the pilot, and evidently, remained unaltered by it. The political landscape in Barcelona's City Council, its economic powers and institutional context were unchanged by the pilot, and in fact shaped the pilot design, moving it away from the UBI proposal. The B-Mincome experience illustrates the need to accommodate the pilot design to the politics and economics of the experiment, and shows the unintended consequences that such an adaptation of the pilot design may have in relation to its original objectives. In the case of Barcelona, this has meant a move away from a UBI-style pilot design, resulting in very limited effects on the debate or policy design of cash transfers, having a greater policy impact on active polices instead. However, by taking a broader look at Spanish and Catalan politics, our analysis has shown that unexpected factors may end up triggering a debate much more effectively than a pilot project.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe’s risk insurance","authors":"Dominic Afscharian, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski, L. Siegel","doi":"10.1177/13882627221118103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221118103","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU’s social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44868916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income, Lessons from the Finnish BI Experiment 2017–2018 by Olli Kangas, Signe Jauhiainen, Miska Simanainen and Minna Ylikännö","authors":"F. Geels","doi":"10.1177/13882627221122796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221122796","url":null,"abstract":"the Nordic countries; Southern and Central, let alone Eastern Europe, do not feature in the list. Perhaps it would be useful to focus attention on these parts of Europe in the future, although, understandably, the history of the development of their concept of social protection is quite different from the area of Europe Torry writes about. Central and Eastern European countries, for example, have undergone a major transformation of their whole societies, and the concept of basic income, especially in relation to the cohesion of these societies, is proving increasingly important. The final chapters of the monograph shed light on the shift of the basic income debate from the national to the global level. Torry concludes that there is now a global debate on basic income. He also argues that the recent developments in human history, brought about by (not only) the coronavirus pandemic (today, we can sadly add, by Russia’s aggression in Ukraine), make it clear that the basic income debate will not simply disappear. On the contrary, it seems that the very concept of basic income is one of the central issues of contemporary social policy. I fully agree with Torry’s latter point and would add that it is now more evident than ever that basic income and social assistance should not be seen as pawns of social law, quite the contrary. A properly designed social safety net is an increasingly important key to the success of all social policy. Torry’s monograph should become a must-read for social policy makers and social legislators, as well as for politicians at all levels, students in many humanities disciplines, and scholars. The book is both very informative and readable, and I believe it could be produced in further, expanded editions.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parading Utopia on the road to nowhere? An introduction to the special issue on the policy impact of the European basic income experiments","authors":"Joe Chrisp, J. De Wispelaere","doi":"10.1177/13882627221122797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221122797","url":null,"abstract":"Basic income experiments have emerged across Europe in recent years, but until now analysis has focused on their design and the scientific interpretation of their results, rather than the subsequent policy impact of these projects. This special issue addresses this gap. The papers all focus on whether and how the European basic income experiments have made an observable impact on the basic income debate and social security reform more generally. The special issue includes country case studies of the three countries in Europe that have completed their experiments, Finland, the Netherlands and Spain, as well as a case study of Scotland, where a feasibility study did not result in a field experiment, and of Ireland, which is in the process of planning at least one experiment. Two papers then also examine the effect of these experiments on the debate at EU level and outside Europe, in Australia. The special issue provides a novel contribution that advances both the scholarly and policy debates surrounding basic income at a time when COVID-19 appears to have increased interest in the policy and equally seems to have propelled the idea of experimenting with basic income even further into the mainstream.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Basic Income: A History, 2021 by Malcolm Torry","authors":"Kristina Koldinská","doi":"10.1177/13882627221120515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221120515","url":null,"abstract":"After a long time searching, I have managed to find a comprehensive book written by a single author. He is, moreover, a very erudite and at the same time courageous author. A year before Torry brought out his book ‘Basic Income: A History’, the same publisher produced a multidisciplinary study by a collective of authors, entitled ‘AModern Guide to Citizen’s Basic Income’. Torry refers to this study, even recommending some passages to his readers. However, he himself provides a clear and comprehensive review of the history of basic income that is unparalleled in the book market. Torry’s book takes no position on the policy, treating it as a given fact, and merely provides a precise and careful analysis of the development of basic income ideas. In the first two chapters he examines such ideas in the writings of philosophers, later in social debates (Chapter 3), and then in the legal arrangements of those countries that have, in one way or another, incorporated basic income into the functioning of their social systems (Chapters 4–8). In Chapter 5, Torry discusses the development of the idea of basic income in the United Kingdom, in great detail. This and the previous chapter make it clear to the reader that the idea of basic income is very closely related to social policy, the fight against poverty and therefore the quest for social cohesion. Thus, basic income can also take the form, for example, of family benefits, which are not subject to any income or asset tests. In contrast, the following chapter focuses on basic income and how it is perceived in the US and Canada. In the context of the USA, the author distinguishes between Negative Income Tax and Minimum Income Guarantee and points out that most people, even experts, do not understand the difference between the two. Torry describes the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend as the culmination of efforts to establish an appropriate basic income. In Chapter 7, Torry returns to the UK, albeit from a different angle. He uses examples of misinterpretations and fake news to show the extreme importance of basic income, and the concept of social policy in general, for cohesion in society and to help it resist disinformation campaigns that aim to divide it. I would have placed this chapter after Chapter 5, even though this might have disturbed the chronological line used by the author to structure the whole monograph. Chapter 8, ‘Multiple Approaches to Basic Income in Continental Europe’, traces the debates on basic income in selected European countries. In my view, the choice of countries in this chapter is Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nordic Connection: The impact of the Finnish basic income pilot on the Australian basic income debate","authors":"Troy Henderson, Ben Spies-Butcher","doi":"10.1177/13882627221115207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221115207","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of recent European basic income experiments on the re-emergence of basic income in Australian public policy and political debate. We argue that while basic income experiments in general have garnered some attention in Australia, the Finnish basic income pilot has been particularly significant. We trace this influence back to the historical tendency of sections of the Australian Left to view Nordic industrial and social policy as an aspirational model, and to the stronger institutional and interpersonal connections between Nordic and Australian policy communities. Finally, we emphasise how the recent history of imposing welfare policy experiments on Indigenous communities complicates the perception and prospects of basic income pilots in Australia and the potential for successful policy transfer.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizens’ basic income in Scotland: On the road to somewhere","authors":"S. Cantillon, F. O’Toole","doi":"10.1177/13882627221114373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221114373","url":null,"abstract":"While the economic fragility exposed by Covid-19 has renewed the attention paid to social protection systems and in particular to basic income, the Scottish government had already funded four local authorities – North Ayrshire, City of Edinburgh, Fife and Glasgow – to undertake a feasibility study on the introduction of a Universal Basic Income pilot in Scotland. This article explores the specific Scottish context and rationale for this study, including the factors that led the Scottish government and the local authorities to pursue this approach, as well as the impact of the study on the wider social security debate and policy context in Scotland. Specifically, it takes a critical look at the Steering Committee's feasibility study, and its two commissioned research components, and explores the financial costings and institutional obstacles identified in taking forward a pilot Universal Basic Income in Scotland. These significant challenges are considered in light of both the limits of devolution and the ongoing debate on independence, as well as the wider implications for progress in social protection in Scotland.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47048578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Struggle for Framing and Interpretation: The Impact of the ‘Basic Income Experiments’ on Social Policy Reform in the Netherlands","authors":"Femke Roosma","doi":"10.1177/13882627221109846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627221109846","url":null,"abstract":"In the period from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2019, the Dutch government allowed several municipalities to carry out so-called ‘basic income experiments’, ‘trust’ experiments, or ‘experiments low in regulation’. These experiments focused on giving exemptions on obligations attached to social benefits, allowing people to keep extra earnings on top of their social assistance benefits, and providing more guidance in finding work. In this paper, I critically evaluate the extent to which these experiments have had an effect on social policy in the Netherlands in both the short and long run. For municipalities, the main goal of these experiments was to examine whether an approach focused on trust and intrinsic motivation would lead to increased labour market participation and higher wellbeing. The national government approved the experiments; but in its evaluation, it focused solely on the outflow to work in line with the existing workfare approach. In the short run, the effects of the experiments appeared disappointing for those with the ambition of fundamentally reforming the social security system. However, in the struggle for framing and interpretation, advocates of a different social policy approach obtained success in the long run. Although the Participation Act was not initially amended, the recent coalition agreement of the new Government does propose a change related to the outcomes of the experiment; and in recent party manifestos, there are more far-reaching proposals to change social policy in the direction of a universal basic income.","PeriodicalId":44670,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41803314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}