International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research最新文献

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Linagliptin Buccal Films","authors":"H. Ahad, Suprith Doijode, Hindustan K. Mahalingan, Abdul Ahad, Pavan Kumar, Pawan Dhamala","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.p12-p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.p12-p22","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving steady concentration levels of drugs in the plasma for diabetics is important for an extended period. Thestudy focussed on developing mucoadhesive buccal films incorporating linagliptin, aiming to achieve controlled drug delivery foreffective type 2 diabetes management towards steady level plasma concentration. The research utilizes various mucoadhesivepolymers, specifically HPMC K100, HPMC E5LV, and Eudragit RL100, exploring their potential in formulating optimized filmsthrough solvent casting technique. Our primary aim was to identify the most effective formulation, that would ensure controlleddrug release over an extended period. We formulated various formulations and evaluated drug content, swelling index, in-vitrodrug discharge, and ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength. The formulation, incorporated linagliptin, HPMC E5LV, HPMC K100,Eudragit RL100, glycerol, and polyethylene glycol. Results from our comprehensive evaluations showcased favorable dissolutiontime, robust mechanical properties, and impressive mucoadhesive characteristics in the buccal films. The sustained drugdischarge and mucoadhesive strength exhibited by formulation F7 indicate its potential for effective type 2 diabetes managementwith a single film administration lasting up to 8 hours. This research represents a significant step forward in the field ofpharmaceuticals, offering a promising avenue for developing mucoadhesive buccal films to control drug delivery precisely forenhanced therapeutic outcomes in the management of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Relationship Between Early Smartphone Use and Academic Performance in College Going Students in and Around Karad","authors":"Rahul Jyothiram Suryavanshi, Akshay Bhanudas Rupnawar, Dr. Trupi Yadav","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.l1-l7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.l1-l7","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones are being used by each and every one today as smartphone technology continues its rapid development.Smartphones are undeniably convenient, helpful study tools and can be a hurtful source of distraction depending on a student'sattitude and use pattern. A nationwide survey conducted in 2010 shows that mobile phones are adolescents' most necessarycommunication medium. It has virtually affected society's accessibility, security, safety, and coordination of business and socialactivities and has hence become a part of the culture of the whole world. Our aim and objective is to determine the prevalenceof early use of smartphones and co-relate with academic performance and to find out the Prevalence of early use of smartphonesin college-going students. 95 college-going students from the College of Physiotherapy who met the inclusion criteria and werebetween the ages of 18 and 26 were chosen for this observational study, which was conducted. The procedure was described,and the appropriate consent was obtained. Data on demographics were collected. The goal of the investigation was stated tothem. Questionnaires were used for assessment, and participants' mark sheets from the first to fourth years of physiotherapycollege and from seventh to twelfth grade were gathered. Most students were found to be using smartphones longer thannecessary, which had a detrimental effect on their academic performance. It was particularly evident in those who acquired theirsmartphone between the seventh and tenth grades, according to a comparison of the questionnaire and mark sheets that weregathered.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"78 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musical Intervention: An Evolutionary Era in Dentistry","authors":"Ankita Pathak, Mithilesh M. Dhamande, Seema Sathe, Smruti Gujjelwar","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.l8-l16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.l8-l16","url":null,"abstract":"Patients feels anxious when facing an intrusive operation in a dental office. Such perceptions may be triggered by variouscircumstances, including a bizarre situation, lack of control, a sense of imminent danger, reliance on strangers, and being far fromdear ones and friends. One of the most serious problems in both children and adults is dental anxiety. Patients who are anxiousavoid going to the dentist and postpone their appointments. Mostly, these patients with dental phobia feel more anxious whilesitting in the waiting area. To manage these patients, a decrease in the waiting period is also one of the considerable options.Dental stress must be identified and alleviated for such patients to receive quality care. Dental care is regarded as an invasiveprocedure and causes dental anxiety. To treat such type of fear, various complementary therapies should be considered. Functionalrelaxation therapy is also used to distract the patient's mind. Through distraction and the promotion of a calm environmenteliminates stress, anxiety, and fear, music has a therapeutic effect. Various studies were reported in the literature that musicaltherapy has a significant impact on managing dental anxiety. Dental anxiety, which is a long-term mental handicap for patients, canbe managed by applying music therapy. The objectives of this review are to know the means that trigger dental anxiety and toknow how to manage it with musical intervention. This literature review aims to gain knowledge of musical intervention in an eraof dentistry to manage dental phobia. To conclude, the effect of musical therapy on patients suffering from dental anxiety thedynamics of musical therapy should be considered.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Effect of Sprint Interval Training Versus Traditional Exercise Programs Among Young Obese Adults.","authors":"Thirulogachandar Gunasekar, S. Balamurugan, Murali Ravi, Muthulakshmi K, Bernard Ebenezer Cyrus, Saraswathi K, Balaji Kaliyaperumal","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.l17-l23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.l17-l23","url":null,"abstract":"The aim and objective of the study is that the prevalence of overweight and obesity have peaked in past decades whichresulting in many adverse effects on health of young adults; hence this study is designed to compare the effectiveness of sprintinterval training and traditional exercise program on body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), body weight (kg) andblood lipid profiles in young adult with obesity. According to WHO, Obesity has become a global epidemic in both developed anddeveloping countries, which is considered one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The American HeartAssociation has recommended reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease by weight loss, which is essential for the obesepopulation. Sprint Interval Training has improved insulin sensitivity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and bodycomposition. Traditional exercises were also effective in improving cardiovascular and metabolic function and consequent reductionin the prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In this comparative study, 30 subjects aged 20-30 with a BodyMass Index >25 were included based on specific selection criteria and divided into two groups. Group A was trained with sprintinterval training, and Group B was trained with traditional exercise training. Each group, A and B, consisting of 15 subjects, wasrecruited from Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai. This study measured Body Mass Index, Waistcircumference, and body weight before and after the intervention in groups A and B. Comparing Posttest values between Group Aand Group B on Body Weight, Body Mass Index, and waist circumference score showed a highly significant difference in meanvalues at P ≤ 0.001 in Group A than Group B. Hence, this study proved that sprint interval training significantly improved inreducing Body mass index, waist circumference, and body weight in obese young adults.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"44 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Carvedilol's Therapeutic Impact: A Study On Solid Dispersion Capsules for Improved Efficacy","authors":"Pavan Kumar, Subhash Pg, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Pawan Dhamala, Suprith D","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.p1-p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2024.14.1.p1-p11","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed primarily to improve and evaluate the dissolution rate of Carvedilol by employing a solid dispersiontechnique with β-Cyclodextrin as the carrier. Three distinct methods were utilized to create Carvedilol-containing soliddispersions: The Kneading method, Physical mixture, and Solvent evaporation method. These methods incorporated β-Cyclodextrin at varying drug-carrier ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The initial phase encompassed pre-formulation assessments, includingthe establishment of a calibration curve, determination of lambda maximum, melting point determination, investigation of solubilityin different solvents, and evaluation of Carvedilol-polymer compatibility through FTIR analysis. Subsequent post-formulationanalyses included tests for weight variation, Carvedilol content, lock length, moisture permeation, disintegration time, in-vitrodissolution, and stability. The results of the pre-formulation tests were consistent with established references. FTIR analysisrevealed no interactions between the Carvedilol and the carrier. Carvedilol content, weight variation, and disintegration time testsmet the permissible limits outlined in IP standards. Both lock length and moisture permeation tests conformed to the criteria.However, due to Carvedilol's limited solubility, dissolution was inadequate. Among the in-vitro dissolution profiles, the \"KN3\"formulation, prepared using the Kneading method with a 1:3 ratio of Carvedilol to Carrier, employing β-Cyclodextrin as thecarrier, exhibited superior discharge at 94.671%, outperforming other preparation methods.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Innovative Stability Indicating Method Using UVSpectroscopy Techniques for Ritonavir in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms","authors":"Gurram Sai Venkata Nagendra Abhay Raj, Sumanta Mondal, Subhadip Chakraborty, Moumita Ghosh","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p154-p169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p154-p169","url":null,"abstract":"Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV/AIDS. It is seldom employed for its antiviral activity but instead as a booster for other protease inhibitors. Our study's significant objective is to develop a new, simple, accurate, precise, and reproducible UV spectrophotometric approach for investigation by apotheosis to analyze ritonavir. Three alternative simple, accurate, and precise UV spectrophotometric techniques-the, zero-order (method A), first-order (method B), and the area under the curve (method C) spectrophotometric methods have been established for the measurement of ritonavir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage. The drug was dissolved in ethanol, and then 0.063 M Phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), and the observed λmax are 271 nm for the zero-order spectrophotometric method (method A), 258 nm for the first-order spectrophotometric method, 260–281 nm for the area under the curve spectrophotometric method (method C). Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients 0.9994–0.9999 were found between the reading and the corresponding concentration of the drug in the range of 10-50 μg/ml. The proposed methods can detect the analyte in the lower limits of 0.24 to 0.38 μg/ml. The precision of the methods was satisfactory, and the percentage relative standard deviation values did not exceed 2%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ritonavir in its bulk and commercial formulations with good repeatability and reproducibility; the label claim percentages ranged from 99.56 to 99.64 ± (0.34-0.63) % w/v. The research findings of the current approach were shown to be more accurate and trustworthy for ritonavir in pharmaceutical dosage forms and bulk pharmaceuticals compared to those previously reported by the spectrophotometric approaches. The proposed techniques can be used for routine inspections without causing any interference from excipients or other substances because of the quick and repeatable analysis.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"257 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Study of TrividhChikitsa Karma in Shalya Tantra– A Review","authors":"Dr. Abhishek Mavale, Dr. Devyani Dasar","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l300-l310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l300-l310","url":null,"abstract":"Ayurveda focuses on integrating and balancing the body, mind, and spirit rather than on specific illnesses. Shalyatantrais associated with the sage-physician Sushruta. Given the early stage of human history and the absence of any supporting body ofknowledge before his era, his concepts of anatomy, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches were incomparable. AcharyaSushruta has described the entire course of medical treatment in connection with a disease, which may be grouped under thesesubheadings as the initial steps (Purva Karma), the main therapeutical or surgical appliances (Pradhana-Karma), and the follow-upsteps (Paschat Karma) regardless of the surgical procedure. Surgery comprises the main action (operation) but also the care ofthe patient before and after the technique. Acharya Sushrut, regarded as the father of surgery in Ayurveda, chose these threeKarma solely and only for the benefit of patients who undergo any surgical procedure. In this article, we compare ancient andcontemporary surgical practices, contrasting prior articles or research that solely focused on particular Karma, upkramas, andspecific topics.In our article, we contrasted several old and contemporary strategies in a simple way for students to grasp.Thisarticle compares several parts of trividha karma with contemporary surgical techniques, demonstrating the relevance of ouracharyas' siddhanta even today.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadvertent Discovery of Gerstmann's Syndrome During a Skull MRI and Its Anatomical Basis: A Case Report","authors":"Nitya J Waghray, Bheemesh P, Dr. Archana Rajasundaram, Dr. W.M.S Johnson","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l421-l426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l421-l426","url":null,"abstract":"A rare neurological disorder in which an individual is unable to perform tasks related to language, spatial recognition,mathematics, and cognition is known as Gerstmann's syndrome(GS). Gerstmann hypothesised that the four symptoms thatmakeup Gerstmann's syndrome are caused by a shared cognitive problem (Grundstörung). Gerstmann asserted that it is a bodyschema disorder that only affects the hand and fingers. Since then, the existence of a Grundstörung has been disputed. The studyproposed a shared psychoneurological element, but it should be connected to changes in mental pictures rather than the bodilyschema. The significant facts appear to be the common simultaneous impairment of writing, computation, and bodily awarenessafter left parietal lesion, beyond the diagnostic label of \"pure\" and \"non-pure\" Gerstamann's syndrome instances. Some functionaldomains can be linked to patients' symptoms despite being heterogeneous. A 65-year-old male was brought to the hospital witha history of injury to the head and complaints of confusion, speech difficulty, inability to perform simple calculations, severeheadache, and drowsiness. The patient was sent to the radiology department of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital,Chennai, for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skull (MRI). The MRI study revealed chronic ischemic changes in periventricularand subcortical white matter in the parietal lobes. Certain ischemic changes were also observed in the frontal lobe, suggestingage-related changes and Gerstmann's syndrome. By cutting off various portions of the inferior parietal cortex, a lesion affectingsubcortical and subangular bundles of fibers affects many circuits with distinct roles. Therefore, the deficits seen in the patientare best explained by this anatomical explanation.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational Research On Urban Public Awareness of Ayurveda as an Adjuvant Therapy During COVID-19","authors":"Shumaila Riyaz Mirza, Dr. Gaurav Sawarkar, Dr. Punam Sawarkar","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l297-l393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l297-l393","url":null,"abstract":"Ayurveda labels COVID-19 as Janapadodhwamsa Vikara (epidemic disease). Charaka Samhita: Vimana Sthana Chapter 3discusses epidemics; even though there is dissimilarity in the physical constitution of human beings; still there are such factorsthat are common to all individuals, and vitiation of these factors lead to the simultaneous manifestation of diseases having thesame set of symptoms leading to the destruction of countries. All citizens share air, water, location, and seasons. The subjectswere drawn from the general population who had tested positive for COVID-19. An accurate and comprehensive questionnairewas used to conduct the online survey. All of the responses were correctly completed. All information was gathered from theonline survey and properly analysed. This study included 250 COVID-19-positive participants. A questionnaire and verbaldialogue assessed COVID-19 ayurvedic adjuvant therapy utilization. 89.6% had COVID-19. 65.6% of patients have RTPCR toconfirm COVID-19. 81.2% of COVID-19 patients initially used allopathic medication, with 59.6% reporting negative effects. Afterthat, 87.2% received ayurvedic COVID-19 medicine. 96.4% of COVID-19 patients had a fever, cold, cough, and weakness.Mahasudarshana Kadha (71.2%), Samshavani Vati (66.4%), and Sitopaladi Churna (51.2%) were the top three COVID-19 medicines.Most nations treat COVID-19 with antiviral combinations for other viral infections. SARS-COV-2 antivirals may not workclinically. Ayurveda treats sickness via mind-body-physiology. Ayurvedic medicine boosts immunity and fights viruses. Ayurvedaadjuvant therapy helped COVID-19 patients. Ayurveda can treat COVID-19 symptoms without side effects.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"235 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review On Bone Grafts","authors":"Sayali Raut, Dr. Priyanka Paul Madhu, Dr. Amit Reche","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l312-l324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l312-l324","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines are plant-based medicines and have been documented 4000 years back. Great results have beenextracted from several studies with a minimum amount of side effects. These medicines help osteogenesis as the bone graftsobtained from such are utilized as a filler and scaffold. Such grafts are bioresorbable and do not possess any reaction like antigenantibodies. The aim is to have a comprehensive review study on bone grafts. This review article covers a combination of allaspects regarding bone grafts and their different forms of availability. The Objectives of this review are to explore various bonegrafts and to summarize them so that the reader can have enough information just by reading this article. The article givesthorough information about bone grafts and mainly focuses on several ethnopharmacological studies collected using databasessuch as Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Regarding their osteogenic, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and remodelingeffects, acting on bone receptors, promoting bone metabolism, increasing mineral uptake, and supporting free radical oxidation,Chenopodium ambrosioides, Piper sarmentosum, Quadrangularis Cissus, Ricinus communis, and Radix salviae miltiorrhizaeplants were the most extensively studied in several works of literature. This article concludes that using herbal bone grafts onthe site of a defect holds promise for bone regeneration and offers an alternative to conventional therapies when they areimpractical. Very few studies have been conducted to date and this has raised interest in using herbal bone grafts.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}