NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014最新文献

{"title":"A Comparison of Primary Gas Flow Standards Spanning the Range 10 sccm N2 to 10 slm N2","authors":"J. Wright, Casey Rombouts, Bair Michael, J. Barbe, R. Kramer, Z. Krajíček","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.48","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an international comparison of gas flow standards spanning the range 2.1 x 10-4 g/s (10 sccm) of nitrogen to 0.21 g/s (10 slm) of nitrogen. For all the participating laboratories, |En| 0.78, where En is the difference between the participant’s result and the comparison reference value divided by the uncertainty of this difference. The k = 2 uncertainties (corresponding to 95 % confidence level) of the comparison reference values range from 0.036 % to 0.052 %. These comparison uncertainties include a contribution of 0.042 % from the uncertainty of the three laminar flow elements used as transfer standards. The participating laboratories were: Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Fluke Primary Pressure and Flow Laboratory, Phoenix Arizona USA (FCP), Èeský Metrologický Institut (CMI), and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB).","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"465 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131051433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for a Dynamic Pressure Calibration Standard","authors":"M. Schiefer","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.41","url":null,"abstract":"Global need for dynamic pressure measurements is increasing rapidly. Dynamic pressure sensors are being used in all sorts of high value measurements from Gas Turbine stability control to liquid gas transport systems design and management. While there are several manufacturers of sensors which are capable of measuring dynamic pressure there is no standardization of calibration techniques. There is also little to no dynamic pressure sensor calibration expertise at the national metrology level, and thus no proficiency or international comparisons being carried out. There are also no international standards covering the topic. This paper will give an overview of the dynamic pressure calibration offerings by the various supplier organizations, including basic operating principles of each. It will furthermore cover current standardization efforts both within the ISA and ISO organizations. Lastly it will cover the intended format and outline of a newly formed TC108 working project intended to generate a dynamic pressure calibration standard.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"28 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124551265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention Strategies to Consider When Creating Training Presentations","authors":"Vernon Alt","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.21","url":null,"abstract":"When creating training presentations you need to take into consideration the level of learning you expect your learners to walk away with. A number of factors will influence their level of learning such as the time you are able to allocate to the session, the learners present level of knowledge and the number of learners your presentation is designed to accommodate. One large influence on an adult’s ability to retain information is the delivery method. This paper will demonstrate the advantages of combining the lecture, reading, audiovisual, demonstration and discussion methods to capture and maintain the learners attention, thus affording your learners the chance to obtain the most from your presentations.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"50 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab2Lab Data Exchange Using ATML","authors":"S. Ramachandran","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.46","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Exchange of information between businesses (B2B) have reached levels of maturity over the years, establishing a backbone for electronic commerce built up on top of standards for data exchange such as UN/EDIFACT, ebXML and cXML etc. Standardizing electronic exchange of calibration information is becoming more and more relevant as assets are distributed across the world with limited centralization even within organizations. There are a number of vendor specific lab management tools and automated test equipment with a wide array of formats for capturing and storing calibration information. A protocol and standard that allows for electronic exchange of laboratory information will reduce the need for paper based calibration certificate and will help reduce the need for centralized asset tracking. This paper aims to cover the need for evolving a standard for electronic information exchange of calibration data across laboratories via the Internet in a secure fashion. This document covers the requirements and some of the use cases for real-time exchange of calibration information. The paper describes some of the approaches to building these standards using existing technology and infrastructure available such as using ATML and webservices. The paper addresses some of the challenges and known issues of sending information through the Internet.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131193256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration Set-up for Reference Radiosondes Meeting GRUAN Requirements","authors":"H. Sairanen","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.49","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and reliable weather observations are necessary for transport, industry and everyday living. Along with ground observations upper air observations provide data for forecasts and for climate change studies However, the quality of upper air measurements does not yet fulfil the requirements of climatologists [1] but improved methods and procedures are needed. To enhance the quality Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) has established GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) comprising about 40 stations that will provide reference observation data for the global radiosonde station network. GRUAN has specified targets and their priority for measurements of all important parameters at upper troposphere and lower stratosphere [2]. Water vapour pressure is one of the first priority parameters with the uncertainty requirement of 2 % in terms of mixing ratio at the measuring range from 0.1 to 90000 ppm [3]. In order to meet the water vapour accuracy requirements set by GRUAN traceable calibrations for radiosondes are needed. Due to a short lifetime and a high calibration cost comparing to price of a sonde GRUAN aims to ensure radiosondes stability, traceability and uniformity by standards [4]. Regardless of that GRUAN requires calibration and traceability to SI for each radiosonde in order to be accepted to GRUAN [4]. This work presents a new apparatus for reference radiosonde calibrations meeting the GRUAN uncertainty requirements. The apparatus was designed to meet the requirements and still to be quick enough for practical calibration use. Applying a hybrid humidity generator method [5] with two saturators, the high accuracy of a single pressure generator and the short stabilisation time of a flow mixing generator are achieved in a single apparatus. The operation range covers dew-point temperatures from 183 K to 283 K and air temperatures from 183 K to 293 K. This paper presents the design of the apparatus with a preliminary uncertainty analysis.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132861628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Advanced Software Designed Intelligent Electronic Device Platform","authors":"R. Piacentini","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.44","url":null,"abstract":"Technology progress combined with aging infrastructure and a use case model that evolved and changed completely over the years is a common external force affecting energy companies worldwide. As a result, the idea of a “smart grid” has taken center stage • an evolution of advanced technologies that make the availability of a smarter, more efficient electrical power grid possible. Whether this is providing an abundant supply of electricity, deploying distributed intelligence at the measurement nodes or improving overall reliability, monitoring, and safety, energy companies are realizing the importance of technology to address the complex challenges facing grid systems today. As a result, a new generation of instruments, also known as Software Designed Intelligent Electronic Devices (SD-IEDs) are rapidly being deployed throughout the power system. Utilizing computer-based remote control and automation, these devices can be efficiently controlled and adjusted at the node level as changes and disturbances on the grid occur. In another example, utilities could use a generic SD-IED platform, and define the instrument functionality and algorithms executed completely in software using graphical design tools. At the heart of these advanced SD-IEDs lies the powerful technology of the FPGA, yielding additional flexibility and reliability that allows convergence of multiple functional devices into a single unit, which in turn lowers the cost of smart grid systems as a whole. Because FPGAs can be reprogrammed in the field, as requirements and standards for the smart grid mature, functional enhancements can be deployed to SD-IEDs without the need to modify the hardware layout or replace the entire device. SD-IEDs represents a fundamental shift from traditional hardware-centric instrumentation systems to software-centric systems that explore computing power, productivity, and connectivity capabilities of popular desktop computers. This paper describes how to apply the virtual instrumentation approach to create advanced SD-IEDs and illustrates it with two deployment examples: (1) smart switches for a leading energy delivery utility in the USA, and (2) advanced PMU research for distribution grids.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129364322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrology Education In México","authors":"Roberto Benitez Chavez","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.32","url":null,"abstract":"At most calibration laboratories in several countries, competent Calibration Technicians are required. Metrology carriers or metrology education institutes are needed to prepare the technicians required for industry. The great increasing of the accredited laboratories requires people with very special profile not only technical but ethic and professionalism that can manage the calibration services in industry and in health care.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129661069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding Measurement Errors from Manipulating Data in Software","authors":"Logan Kunitz","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.42","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of digital technology, the act of calibrating a device nearly always requires the conversion of an analog signal into a digital representation that will be used and manipulated in software as a part of the calibration process. This conversion from analog to digital and the subsequent processing that occurs in the digital domain can introduce additional errors in the measurement. If the data types and methodologies are not properly controlled, the magnitude of these errors can add significant uncertainty to the calibration. The objective of this paper is to explore the various ways that software can introduce errors and uncertainty into measurements, with the purpose of raising awareness for developers about the choices that can be made when manipulating measurement data in software. This paper will investigate several sources of software error that apply across different programming environments, including excel, text-based, and graphical programming environments. The sources of error that will be discussed will include the following: •Rounding errors associated with datatype conversions and data truncation. •Numerical errors are related to the limitations of computers in representing numeric values. •Computational errors that can be introduced by common math functions and methodologies.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128549886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideal Vs. Reality: Metrology Education in the US And Abroad","authors":"Michael L. Taylor","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.58","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper will first describe an ideal scenario in regard to metrology education in North America, next an attempt will be made to describe actual present circumstances regarding this, mostly in North America. Information also has been gathered regarding this same situation in several other countries of our world. Some mention will also be made of facts gathered as a comparison and attempts will be made to determine differences which may exist.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"File Abstraction Layers for Data Storage","authors":"Damien F. Gray","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.08","url":null,"abstract":"Calibration systems are intimately linked to their data storage mechanisms. The file storage must have many different capabilities, and these can vary depending upon whether the calibration is being done in a lab or in the field. Handling and/or changing the multiple ways the data can be stored or accessed can result in a lot of change in the top level calibration code. However, placing a file access abstraction layer between the calibration code and the file access code allows for upgrade and modification of the file access code without changing the calibration code. This allows such things as switching between a local and remote database depending upon whether a lab or field calibration is being performed. But it also requires more planning when implementing the file access.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114285147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}