CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"African Armies: Evolution and Capabilities","authors":"T. Bah, B. Arlinghaus, P. Baker","doi":"10.2307/485659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/485659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"21 1","pages":"427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/485659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44240154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography for Assessing Inhalation Airway Injury: A Technical Review.","authors":"Yusi Miao, Matthew Brenner, Zhongping Chen","doi":"10.4172/2161-119X.1000366","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2161-119X.1000366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of inhalation injury has been clinically challenging. Currently, assessment of inhalation injury relies on subjective clinical exams and bronchoscopy, which provides little understanding of tissue conditions and results in limited prognostics. Endoscopic Optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has been recently utilized in the airway for direct assessment of respiratory tract disorders and injuries. Endoscopic OCT is capable of capturing high-resolution images of tissue morphology 1-3 mm beneath the surface as well as the complex 3D anatomical shape. Previous studies indicate that changes in airway histopathology can be found in the OCT image almost immediately after inhalation of smoke and other toxic chemicals, which correlates well with histology and pulmonary function tests. This review summarizes the recent development of endoscopic OCT technology for airway imaging, current uses of OCT for inhalation injury, and possible future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6731096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91332633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Not a death of that hospital”: the social production of maternity statistics in Freetown","authors":"Tara Dosumu Diener","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the social practices underlying the production of clinical statistics at Princess Christian Maternity Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Combining ethnographic and historical methods, it focuses on the contexts surrounding the point at which the raw data (on which country statistics are generated) are entered into the medical record. This focus sheds light on the hidden, elided, or otherwise unseen aspects of clinical practice that global health stakeholders risk missing when privileging statistical data over direct observation. Direct observation reveals not only how specious data comes to be part of the medical record, but why.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"311 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven Myths of Africa in World History","authors":"Daniel B. Domingues da Silva","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"132 1","pages":"253 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nation on Board: Becoming Nigerian at Sea","authors":"D. van den Bersselaar","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842","url":null,"abstract":"therapies. Meanwhile, the explosion in the availability of psychotropic drugs over the same period highlighted the liminal space Nigerian psychiatrists occupied: although they positioned themselves as the legitimate gatekeepers of these substances, “it is important to note that their conceptions were idealistic” (183) and that in reality they were powerless to control the sale and usage of these increasingly popular drugs. The strength of the book lies in the compelling case it makes for how Nigerian psychiatrists in the late colonial and early postcolonial eras consciously transformed the field from little more than a racist detention system to a therapeutic model espousing the universal foundations of human psychology. Heaton is adept at highlighting the historicity of these developments, making careful note of how these universal ideals were a direct response to the tiered vision of human psychological sophistication espoused by the colonial regime. In this way, he is able to relate the history of an important profession undergoing profound change while also linking it to broader issues of decolonization and intellectual history. The book makes good use of its source material ‒ in this case mainly documents generated by Nigerian psychiatrists ‒ yet it is limited by this insular approach. While Heaton is a pioneer in this area of Nigerian history, his arguments would have been enriched by contributions from additional non-psychiatric sources ‒ particularly concerning the profession’s popular legitimacy and its strained relationship with “traditional” healers. Also, although the author admirably asserts that psychiatric knowledge was not “a unidirectional power flow” (6) descending from Western sources, the case that Nigerian psychiatrists “have significantly influenced what cross-cultural psychiatrists think and do today” (6) could have been more forcefully made. Heaton does aptly demonstrate that Nigerian psychiatrists contributed to global psychiatric discourse ‒ participating in an unprecedented era of psychiatric globalization (not Westernization) ‒ but because of the book’s tight focus on the Nigerian perspective he is slightly less successful in showing what those contributions meant to the international psychiatric community. Despite these quibbles, White Coats, Black Skin is an important contribution to the history of medicine in Africa and particularly the history of psychiatry in Nigeria. Shedding exciting new light on how psychiatrists participated in the decolonization movement, contributed to the global transcultural psychiatric discourse, and altered the course of mental health care in Africa’s most populous state, this book is valuable reading for scholars of medical, political, and intellectual history in Africa. Well written and tightly organized, it is also a suitable text for upper-level undergraduate courses in the history of medicine in Africa.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"51 1","pages":"446 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nervous State: Violence, Remedies, and Reverie in Colonial Congo","authors":"Alison MacAulay","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2017.1357358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2017.1357358","url":null,"abstract":"clarify many of the Dutch terms and place names Graham uses), maps and a bibliography. The editors’ comprehensive “Introduction” provides detailed bibliographic details about the author, and contextualizes the issues of race, gender and “education that was fundamental to colonial rule” in Africa (xxv). Graham’s work is an important addition to writing by colonial women who were vocal and active during the war, and who used the plight of the Boer women to advance their careers and foreground their own feminist agendas. These women included Flora Shaw, the first colonial editor of The Times in London; Millicent Fawcett, a British aristocrat and advocate for women’s rights, who equated the Boer women’s incarceration with necessary British military policy; Emily Hobhouse, who collected stories from (mainly middle-class) Boer women to raise sympathy for their living conditions; and Florence Randal of Ottawa, another Canadian teacher, who published monthly columns of her time in South Africa in the Ottawa Journal. The research on these women is a testament to the important recuperative historical work taking place, recovering often overlooked women’s narratives in imperial histories, to reveal the ambiguities of their benevolent work for Empire and their complicity in the spread of hegemonic whiteness at the dawn of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"9 1","pages":"90 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2017.1357358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gouvernance hybride des parkings publics à Lubumbashi : quand la fiscalité informelle supporte la fiscalité formelle","authors":"Albert Malukisa Nkuku","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2017.1307124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2017.1307124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “Hybrid governance” appears today as an emerging research current that focuses on the role of non-state institutions and actors to strengthen state institutions that lack legitimacy and capacity in developing countries. By examining the interactions between private and public actors involved in the governance of public motor parks in Lubumbashi, the second city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this article demonstrates that informal taxation can be a decisive support for the perception of an official parking tax.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"51 1","pages":"275 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2017.1307124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare and forensic medical services in police custody - to degrade or to improve?","authors":"Jason Payne-James","doi":"10.7861/clinmedicine.17-1-6","DOIUrl":"10.7861/clinmedicine.17-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"38 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6297583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90789319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous African Knowledge Production: Food Processing Practices among Kenyan Rural Women","authors":"R. Bezner Kerr","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026","url":null,"abstract":"to military and political action is unclear. while the media reporting surveyed showed there were problems and danger on the horizon, it is apparent in the work that the stories and associated knowledge were unlikely to have compelled more vigorous or alternate action by policy makers. it leaves the question, would more intense, more consistent or more sensational coverage have compelled greater action? From the reporting surveyed by Soderlund and Briggs it is clear that there were conflict dynamics and structures existing in South Sudan but what to do and when remained unclear. The work provides a valuable entry point into South Sudan politics as well as an understanding of the role of the media in conflict. it sets up a number of important questions that need deeper research in the South Sudan and other cases. overall, it is an important contribution to the discourse on how the media influences humanitarian intervention and international action in conflicts. it further raises the spectre of what humanitarian intervention should occur in the face of knowing and reasonably anticipating violence and atrocity.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"492 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandela’s Kinsmen: Nationalist Elites & Apartheid’s First Bantustan","authors":"M. Graham","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056","url":null,"abstract":"In an important counterpoint to the mainstream historiography on contemporary South Africa that predominantly focuses on urban, mass political activities, in Mandela’s Kinsmen Timothy Gibbs has dir...","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":"886 1","pages":"343 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}