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Structuralist or Lesbian? Claude Lévi-Strauss and Monique Wittig on Rousseau's “Science” 结构主义还是女同性恋？克劳德-列维-斯特劳斯和莫尼克-维蒂希谈卢梭的 "科学"
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000192
William M. Burton
{"title":"Structuralist or Lesbian? Claude Lévi-Strauss and Monique Wittig on Rousseau's “Science”","authors":"William M. Burton","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000192","url":null,"abstract":"In postwar France a proliferation of thinkers sought to move away from the dialectic of negation and synthesis. Two such writers turned to Jean-Jacques Rousseau as the source of a non-dualistic reflection. In 1962, Claude Lévi-Strauss laid claim to him as the “founder of the sciences of man,” and, inspired in part by his contact with Buddhism, he created a non-dualist version of the <jats:italic>philosophe</jats:italic> as a foil to Sartre. In 1989, Monique Wittig would also take up Rousseau, but in order to challenge Lévi-Strauss's notion of the exchange of women. In her hands, Rousseau also became a non-dualist through whom she could formalize the insights of gay and lesbian community life as a theory of sex abolition: “the science of the oppressed.” With archival materials, close readings, and historical contextualization, this article explores the genesis and interactions of both interpretations and situates them on the broader horizon of postwar thought.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the Hebrew Commonwealth to Party Politics: Rousseau's Legacy and the Nation-State in Nineteenth-Century Political Thought 从希伯来联邦到政党政治：卢梭的遗产与十九世纪政治思想中的民族国家
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000143
Michael Sonenscher
{"title":"From the Hebrew Commonwealth to Party Politics: Rousseau's Legacy and the Nation-State in Nineteenth-Century Political Thought","authors":"Michael Sonenscher","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000143","url":null,"abstract":"When, why and how did the subjects of individual and national self-determination come to overlap and what were the effects of this overlap when it occurred? Usually in the history of European political thought, the subject of self-determination is associated with the concept of autonomy, while the subject of national self-determination is associated with the concept of the nation-state. The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between these two concepts mainly in the light of an earlier tension between the concepts of the people and of the nation as agents of political authorization and between Roman law and the legacy of Monarchomach thought particularly, but not exclusively, in eighteenth-century France. It is designed to show of how this cluster of tensions was described and discussed first by Rousseau, Kant and Hegel, and then, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, by such figures as Mill, Tocqueville, Bluntschli, Bosanquet, Hauriou, Schmitt and Strauss. The point of the article is to suggest that the modern, two-sided, relationship between parties and states is more of a continuation of the earlier conceptual relationship between nations and peoples than is usually assumed.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the Body of the King to the Body of the Nation: Sovereignty, Sodomy, and the English Revolution of 1688 从国王的身体到国家的身体：主权、鸡奸与 1688 年英国革命
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000180
Aylon Cohen
{"title":"From the Body of the King to the Body of the Nation: Sovereignty, Sodomy, and the English Revolution of 1688","authors":"Aylon Cohen","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000180","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how rumors of monarchical sodomy at the turn of the eighteenth century became entangled with newly emerging conceptions of the nation and nationalized space. After the 1688 Revolution in England, accusations of the king's sodomy increasingly mobilize territorial rather than theological understandings of sodomy's danger, transforming sodomy's terror from a satanic threat to the Christian kingdom to a national threat to the English nation. While historical studies on the territorialization of sovereignty often focus on structural transformations to the state, these accounts rarely attend to transformations in political feeling. This article shows how a novel discourse of national sodomy helped unsettle long-standing attachments to the king as the embodiment of sovereign power. Moreover, this article methodologically innovates the study of state sovereignty by attending to conceptual problems of political attachment through the study of an affectively loaded concept such as sodomy.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legal Counterrevolution: Property and Judicial Power in the Weimar Republic 法律反革命：魏玛共和国的财产与司法权
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000118
Clara Maier
{"title":"Legal Counterrevolution: Property and Judicial Power in the Weimar Republic","authors":"Clara Maier","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article offers a new account of the rise of judicial power in modern Germany. Strong judicial control of the government is often associated with the constitutional ethos that emerged in postwar West Germany as a reaction to Nazi rule. This article locates the origins of German judicialization in the political struggles of the Weimar era. It shows how the assumption of a power to judicial review by Germany's highest court, the Reichsgericht, was the product of the successful cooperation of the judiciary with conservative political parties on the issue of property rights in the young republic. These were at the centre of two controversies examined in the article: the expropriation of princes of former ruling houses and the consequences of the hyperinflation of 1923. In both cases the Reichsgericht used an understanding of property as an inalienable right to radically reinterpret Germany's first democratic constitution, which had in fact granted the legislature extensive power to modify property relations. This suited the judiciary's own objective of assuming stronger controls over legislative action and bolstered the political position of conservative forces in Weimar politics. What emerged was a supra-positive constitutionalism that sought to supersede the written constitution. These political realities were an essential context for theoretical debates on the extent and limits of judicial power between theorists such as Carl Schmitt, Hans Kelsen, Hermann Heller, Franz Neumann, and Ernst Fraenkel. An examination of the complex interaction of parliamentary, judicial, and popular politics concerning the issue of property reveals that German judicial empowerment amounted to an attempt to rewrite the Weimar Constitution and limit the scope of Germany's democratic revolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isaac Breuer's Antiliberal Neo-Kantianism and the Politicization of Jewish Ultra-Orthodoxy 艾萨克-布劳尔的反自由主义新康德主义与犹太极端正统派的政治化
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000052
Itamar Ben Ami
{"title":"Isaac Breuer's Antiliberal Neo-Kantianism and the Politicization of Jewish Ultra-Orthodoxy","authors":"Itamar Ben Ami","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000052","url":null,"abstract":"This article centers on the early writings of Isaac Breuer (1910–17), arguing that Breuer's radicalization of neo-Kantianism anchors his revolutionary call to politicize Jewish Orthodoxy. Moreover, it contends that neo-Kantianism, which is normally associated with liberal or social-democratic politics, was given a thoroughly antiliberal reading by Breuer that led to an antiliberal Orthodox politics. While the rise of non-Zionist political Orthodoxy is often regarded as an obsolete traditionalism unattuned to the nature of mass politics, Breuer's politicization of Orthodoxy reveals a coherent antiliberal political theory that addresses the aporias of the democratic age. Breuer uses neo-Kantianism to develop an anti-Weberian “science of politics” which attempts to overcome the modern plurality of values by positing Judaism as coercive public morality. Reading Breuer's Jewish writings through the lens of his quarrels with Weber, Stammler, and Cohen, this article explores Breuer's attempt to overcome the association of Kantian morality with liberalism, by legitimizing coercion politically, philosophically, and theologically. This enabled Breuer to criticize apolitical forms of Jewish Orthodoxy, Zionist programs to politicize Judaism, and democratic politics more generally.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140635915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Competitiveness, Civilizationism, and the Anglosphere: Kenneth Minogue's Place in Conservative Thought 竞争力、文明主义和盎格鲁圈：肯尼斯-米诺格在保守主义思想中的地位
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1017/s147924432400009x
Sean Irving
{"title":"Competitiveness, Civilizationism, and the Anglosphere: Kenneth Minogue's Place in Conservative Thought","authors":"Sean Irving","doi":"10.1017/s147924432400009x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147924432400009x","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to an understanding of postimperial civilizational thinking within British conservatism by engaging with the work of Kenneth Minogue, an understudied but important thinker. Minogue played a key role in reframing an older discourse, centred on empire, in the register of free-market economics and global “competitiveness.” During the 1970s and 1980s, he was a significant figure on the New Right, critiquing university radicalism, feminism, and multiculturalism. During the 1990s his thought took a civilizational turn, and he condemned the liberal projects of political elites for undermining the West's traditional competitive ethos. The bureaucracy of the European Union and the economic rise of East Asian “state societies” were particular concerns for Minogue and led him to champion the concept of the Anglosphere as a distinct civilization.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arguing Pakistan in Late Colonial India: The Political Thought of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani 在晚期殖民印度争论巴基斯坦：沙比尔-艾哈迈德-乌斯马尼的政治思想
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000106
Hasan Hameed
{"title":"Arguing Pakistan in Late Colonial India: The Political Thought of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani","authors":"Hasan Hameed","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000106","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars of modern South Asia have remained divided on the role of religion in the creation of Pakistan. Many have argued that Pakistan's “founder,” Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was a secularist, his argument for Pakistan resting on an abstract notion of Islam within an Enlightenment framework of conceiving minority, nation, and state. Why, then, did madrasa-trained Muslim scholars, the ulama, support his demand for Pakistan? This article explores the political thought of the most influential Muslim scholar immediately before partition, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (d. 1949). I argue that Usmani viewed Pakistan as a particular kind of Islamic democracy. While he drew on medieval Muslim juridical and political discourses, Usmani's readings reveal his debt to Western political categories. By paying attention to the tensions and opportunities offered by this encounter of modern political conditions with Islamic intellectual thought, this article outlines an Islamic vision of the political that resonates beyond the politics of colonial India.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Strategic Eurocentrism: The Construction of Ottoman Evolutionism in an Uneven World (1870–1900) 战略欧洲中心论：在不均衡的世界中构建奥斯曼进化论（1870-1900 年）
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000040
Daniel Kolland
{"title":"A Strategic Eurocentrism: The Construction of Ottoman Evolutionism in an Uneven World (1870–1900)","authors":"Daniel Kolland","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000040","url":null,"abstract":"Istanbul's intellectual life saw an evolutionist paradigm shift during the Hamidian period (1876–1908). Two generations of intellectuals used their privileged education and the burgeoning printing press to popularize evolutionism to advance global and local claims. On the one hand, selective readings of evolutionism allowed them to claim Ottoman adherence to a superior Caucasian race and to claim belonging to the circle of “civilized nations.” On the other hand, by hailing themselves champions of a new positivist age, oppositional evolutionists sought to challenge the Hamidian establishment and the kind of Islam it represented. Because examinations of Ottoman evolutionism in the Hamidian period reveal the interconnections between new globalized ways of ordering the world, the rise of new Ottoman elites, and conflicting strategies to guarantee imperial survival in the asymmetrical age of empire, they allow transcending narratives centered on the (ir)reconcilability of Islam and evolutionary theories.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hope and Meaning: Phenomenology in the Thought of Leszek Kołakowski, Józef Tischner, and Václav Havel 希望与意义：莱舍克-科瓦科夫斯基、约瑟夫-蒂施纳和瓦茨拉夫-哈维尔思想中的现象学
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000064
Elżbieta Ciżewska-Martyńska
{"title":"Hope and Meaning: Phenomenology in the Thought of Leszek Kołakowski, Józef Tischner, and Václav Havel","authors":"Elżbieta Ciżewska-Martyńska","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000064","url":null,"abstract":"Using an intellectual-history lens, this article offers insights into the spread of phenomenology across Central Europe and its social–political significance in the second half of the twentieth century, particularly its impact on the formation of the Eastern European dissident movement and furnishing it with ideas. Specifically, the article explores the role that phenomenology played in defining one of the core concepts underlying Central European dissidence: the idea of hope. Tracing the story of three public intellectuals—Leszek Kołakowski, Józef Tischner, and Václav Havel—it suggests why the school founded by Edmund Husserl had been embraced by some and rejected by others, and how their particular interpretations of hope had been indebted to phenomenology.","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Intellectual History of Milton Friedman's Criticism of Corporate Social Responsibility 米尔顿-弗里德曼批评企业社会责任的思想史
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/s1479244324000027
David Chan Smith
{"title":"The Intellectual History of Milton Friedman's Criticism of Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"David Chan Smith","doi":"10.1017/s1479244324000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479244324000027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is the first to reconstruct the intellectual history of Milton Friedman's criticism of business and its social responsibilities. Using original archival research and printed evidence, this article makes three major arguments. First, Friedman's criticisms of business and its social responsibilities evolved over time and emerged from persistent anxieties among economic liberals about monopoly, business interests, and political authority that were explicitly read from Adam Smith. Second, the article contributes to the emerging intellectual history of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by reconstructing the development of Friedman's criticisms, their transformations, and their reception within the context of American managerial thought from the 1950s to the 1980s. Finally, contextualizing Friedman's criticisms demonstrates his concern about decision-making logics within organizations, which in turn explains his belief that CSR would contribute to collectivization and enhances the understanding of neoliberal political thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":44584,"journal":{"name":"Modern Intellectual History","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140300043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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