Family Medicine and Primary Care Review最新文献

{"title":"The impact of the Iran Health System Reform Plan on the psychological empowerment of clinical faculty members","authors":"A. Gilavand, Y. Mehralizadeh","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110354","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Clinical faculty members are at the forefront of providing medical services in the Iran health system reform plan. Objectives. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of the Iran health system reform plan on the psychological empowerment of clinical faculty members. Material and methods. The statistical population of this descriptive study included all clinical faculty members, with 90 members eventually participating in this study. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire, modelled on the PEQ standard, was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS version 22 software. Results. The dimensions of self-determination (6.1 ± 3.79), sense of competence (5.9 ± 3.91), impact (5.7 ± 3.76) and meaning (5.2 ± 3.45), respectively, obtained the highest scores. Hence, it can be concluded that the Iran health system reform plan has played a small role in the psychological empowerment of clinical faculty members. Variables such as gender, age, education, employment history and academic status of faculty members did not have a significant effect on their empowerment (p < 0.05). However, the location (hospital type) where services are provided (p = 0.039) and the full-time work of faculty members (p = 0.03) had a significant effect on their empowerment score. Discussion and conclusions. Given the key role of clinical faculty members in the Iran health system reform plan and given the high importance of empowerment of staff to enhance their job satisfaction and improve organizational productivity, it is necessary to periodically monitor and evaluate this plan to enhance and eliminate its possible shortcomings. In this regard, providing sustainable and receivable financial resources for its continuation and elimination of injustice in payments to staff should be prioritized.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health literacy and cardiovascular complications in people with type 2 Diabetes","authors":"M. Vieira, I. Rosendo, P. Gomes, Luiz Miguel Santiago, Ana Catarina Domingues, José Augusto Simões","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110367","url":null,"abstract":"A – study design, B – Data Collection, C – Statistical Analysis, D – Data Interpretation, E – Manuscript Preparation, F – Literature G – Funds Collection Background. Cardiovascular complications are the main causes of death for type 2 diabetes. Their relationship to socio-economic factors, such as health literacy, is not well known. Objectives. To study the relationship between health literacy and cardiovascular complications (acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack and ischemic heart disease) in type 2 diabetes patients and to understand the relationship of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated cardiovascular disease with empowerment and therapy adherence. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of people with type 2 diabetes in central Portugal. Socio--demographic and clinical characteristics (blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, hemoglobin A 1c and history of cardiovascular diseases) were collected, and validated scales were applied to assess health literacy, adherence to therapy, empowerment and quality of life. Bivariate inferential analysis between literacy, other variables and cardiovascular diseases, with subsequent Logistic Regression, was performed. Results. a sample of n = 202, mean age 68.11 ± 10.19 years, n = 116 (57.4%) males was studied. Higher health literacy was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases ( p = 0.015). This relationship was independent of the remaining variables (OR = 0.947; 95% CI: 0.913–0.982; p = 0.003). Significant relationships were demonstrated between cardiovascular disease and quality of life ( p = 0.001), adherence to total therapy ( p = 0.045), general diet ( p = 0.002), physical activity ( p = 0.027), age ( p = 0.004) and LDL cholesterol ( p = 0.036). Conclusions. The independent relationship between health literacy and cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes, when confirmed, will indicate that health literacy promotion acts as an important health policy measure to be adopted.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can anxiety be a predictor of task-oriented cognitive function in individuals over 60 years of age?: a systematic review","authors":"In Gyu Yoo, Sun-Hwa Shim","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110368","url":null,"abstract":"Background. anxiety has been recognized as an important factor in detecting cognitive decline in old age, but research on this topic is sometimes conflicting or inconclusive. Objectives. The aim of the present study is to provide a review of existing literature on the relationship between anxiety state and task-oriented cognitive functions in order to identify the nature of such a relationship. Material and methods. all relevant literature published between 2008 and 2020 was searched using four scientific databases (Pubmed, CinaHL, Embase and PsycinFO). The terms in a list of emotion-related and task-related items as search terms in conjunction with “emotion, task, performance and older people” were used to identify relevant research articles from the mentioned electronic databases. Results. as a result of this review, anxiety is associated with decreased memory and executive function among cognitive functions. while anxiety and depression were negatively associated with cognitive function, anxiety was not a major predictor of cognitive decline in older adults. although we could not clearly confirm a relationship between anxiety and cognitive functions, these findings provide an interesting possibility of interpretation of the psychological mechanisms in older adults. These results support the conclusion that a relationship with specific human emotions, such as anxiety, might exist for people with declining cognitive functions. Conclusions. This suggestion could be applied to various environments. Further studies confirming the possibility of predicting anxiety through multi-dimensional analysis of human variations should be promoted.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory tract infections in primary health care: prevalence and antibiotic prescribing in a primary care practice during one year","authors":"M. Pietrzykowska, K. Nowicka-Sauer, J. Siebert","doi":"10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105924","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ethnicity and risk factors for carotid artery stenosis: a retrospective study","authors":"A. Shamshiyev, A. Tergeussizov, A. Baubekov, D. Ospanova, A. Dushpanova, Zhumagali Ismailov, A. Matkerimov, S. Tanabayeva, Ildar Fakhradiyev","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108203","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Medicine, S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2 Department of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 3 Department of Medicine, National Scientific Center of Surgery named after A. N. Syzganov, Almaty, Kazakhstan 4 Department of Medicine, International Academy of Medicine and Sciences “Almaty Multi-profile Clinical Hospital”, Almaty, Kazakhstan","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial stewardship and economic evaluation of urinary tract infection management in primary health care in Tunisia","authors":"Skander Essafi, A. Letaief, E. Phillips, Vittoria Vardanega","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108193","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions significantly contribute to antimicrobial resistance and are common in urinary tract infections (UTI) in primary health care. Tunisian guidelines were developed to improve UTI management for General Practitioners (GPs). Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate GP adherence to Tunisian guidelines when prescribing antibiotics and the use of diagnostic tools for UTIs, as well as to compare current costs to those expected from guideline adherence. Material and methods. This descriptive, cross-sectional study enrolled GPs managing patients with UTI in Sousse, Tunisia. Appropriate use of diagnostic tools and antibiotic prescriptions was evaluated. A costing model was built to compare costs between current practice and guideline adherence from a patient and country perspective for cystitis. Results. 330 prescriptions were collected from 76 GPs. Simple cystitis was most commonly diagnosed (69.4%). Urine dipsticks were appropriately used to diagnose 20% of cystitis cases. Urine cultures were used despite not being recommended in 45% of cystitis cases. The antibiotic prescription rate for UTI was high (92%). Overall, 20.7% of cases adhered to the guidelines. Adherence was correlated to work in the public sector and reading the guidelines. The costing model predicted that the full adherence of antibiotic prescriptions and diagnostic tool use to cystitis guidelines could save EUR 1,698,403 annually. Conclusions. In Tunisia, GP adherence to UTI treatment guidelines is low. Our costing model indicates guideline adherence could result in substantial savings.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The proportion of death anxiety and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Iranian population","authors":"Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini, A. Dadgari, M. Basirinezhad, R. Mohammadpourhodki, H. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103154","url":null,"abstract":"Background The worldwide emergence of COVID-19 has brought about various psychological consequences, including anxiety, fear of death, etc Objectives This study was aimed at determining the proportion of death anxiety and its covariates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shahroud city, Iran Material and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,215 participants Data was collected by convenient sampling method with online tools, including an awareness and attitude checklist toward COVID-19, Templar Death Anxiety Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Questionnaire The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate linear regression analysis) The significant level for all tests was considered to be 0 05 Results The results indicated that the mean score ± standard deviation of death anxiety and GAD were 6 46 ± 3 33 and 6 27 ± 4 83, respectively Of all participants, 49 1% reported high death anxiety Parallel to the high anxiety level, a significant increase in death anxiety was observed (p &lt; 0 001) Moreover, factors such as younger age and the death of a family member due to COVID-19 were significantly correlated with death anxiety (p = 0 024 and p = 0 001) Conclusions Assessing anxiety among exposed clients and applying anxiety reduction and coping methods, such as problem-solving techniques, as well as providing comprehensive and practical information on methods to control and adapt with this disease, are recommended to be implemented in health care systems © by Wydawnictwo Continuo","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71079811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antibiotic prescriptions for sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Hospital in North Sumatera, Indonesia","authors":"A. Pasaribu, Beby Syofiani, F. Fahmi, Fauzan Dalimunthe, M. Nasution, S. Pasaribu","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108200","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The evaluation of antibiotic prescription in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is important for reducing inappropriate antibiotic use and minimizing the development of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship programs potentially promote a prudent use of antibiotics; however, the approach in NICUs is not yet optimal. Objectives. The aim of our study was to evaluate antibiotic prescriptions for neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital in North Sumatera, indonesia. Material and methods. In our retrospective study, we collected data from medical records and enrolled 324 neonatal sepsis patients who received one or more antibiotics. Results. Gentamycin and cefotaxime were the two most common antibiotics prescribed in the NICU (72.22% and 71.60%, respectively). However, high levels of resistance to gentamycin and cefotaxime were found among common pathogens circulating in the NICU (55.56% and 82.81%, respectively). Only 40.33% of the antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate: approximately 15.11% of the patients had received antibiotics with incorrect indications and 16.16% of the antibiotics had been administered without sufficient duration. Conclusions. The appropriate use of antibiotic prescriptions in the NICU was low, which may lead to high mortality in neonatal sepsis patients. Continued evaluation of antibiotic usage by implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in the NICU is important.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageism and loneliness in the subjective perceptions of elderly people from nursing homes and households","authors":"A. Shpakou, Ludmila Klimatckaia, Tatiana Furiaeva, Siarhei Piatrou, O. Zaitseva","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110366","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ageism and loneliness in old age are largely dependent on the social causes that force elderly people to seek long-term care in nursing homes. Objectives. To study and assess the phenomenon of ageism and the experience of loneliness based on the perceptions of elderly people from nursing homes and households. Material and methods. Elderly people (42 women and 20 men) aged 65+ (76,0 ± 5,24) years were examined. Group I included 29 people living in a nursing home, while group II included 33 people living in households. The levels of ageism were evaluated according to the Fraboni scale, while the experience of loneliness was evaluated based on the UCLA method. Results. We found that the level of ageism was classified as neutral in 80% of the respondents and did not differ significantly in the groups. Only the classification “alienation, avoidance” in the Fraboni scale was expressed more in group II ( p < 0.05). Group I informants were twice as likely to experience a high level of loneliness ( p < 0.05). For respondents from nursing home, a high level of loneliness was facilitated by the phenomenon of the closed structure of institutions of social services. For those living in households, the experience of loneliness was more typical in connection with the manifestations of ageism in the form of gerontostereotypization, discrimination and especially alienation-avoidance. Conclusions. Manifestations of ageism and loneliness were identified among the elderly in both groups and each have their own char -acteristics. The high level of loneliness and ageism among the elderly should be considered as factors contributing to the emergence of psycho-emotional disorders.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival analysis of timing of early marriage among women in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2014 Bangladesh demographic and health survey","authors":"M. Islam, Sutapa Dey Barna","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110356","url":null,"abstract":"A – Study Design, B – Data Collection, C – Statistical Analysis, D – Data Interpretation, E – Manuscript Preparation, F – Literature Search, G – Funds Collection Background. Early marriage is a common practice in developing countries, with tremendous health implications for wom en and their newborn children. Few studies have explored teenage marriage in Bangladesh, where the current study was designed to fill this gap. Objectives. This study aimed to find the socio-economic and demographic factors that influence the timing of early marriage among women in Bangladesh. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study design was used in our study. Using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 data, we have applied the non-parametric survival analysis technique of the Cox proportional hazards model. Results. Early marriage was more common in all regions, and this risk was highest in the Rangpur Division (HR = 1.297; CI: 1.215–1.385; p < 0.001). Women who reside in rural areas married earlier than their counterparts in urban areas (HR = 0.918; CI: 0.883–0.955; p < 0.001). The age at first marriage was directly related to access to media (HR = 0.767; CI: 0.739–0.794; p < 0.001) and education levels, where women should have at least secondary education before marriage. Poor women also married early than upper-class (HR = 0.925; CI: 0.871–0.983) and middle-class (HR = 0.954; CI: 0.915–0.994) women. Conclusions. The study’s findings may provide some clues to increase the age of Bangladeshi women at first marriage. Region, maternal education, place of residence, wealth index, working status and media access were significantly associated factors with the timing of first marriage among women in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}