World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series最新文献_第6页

How Do Cultural Differences Affect Trade Reciprocity between Developed and Developing Countries? 文化差异如何影响发达国家和发展中国家之间的贸易互惠?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1596/32606

J. Singh

引用次数: 0

Firm Compliance and Public Disclosure in Vietnam 越南的企业合规与公开披露

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-26 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9026

C. Hollweg

{"title":"Firm Compliance and Public Disclosure in Vietnam","authors":"C. Hollweg","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9026","url":null,"abstract":"Global consumers, international brands, and governments in producing and outsourcing countries aim to improve working conditions in global value chains, but uncertainty exists about what is the best approach. This research uses firm-level data from the International Labour Organization?International Finance Corporation Better Work Vietnam program to assess the relationship between transparency on working conditions and firm compliance in the apparel sector in Vietnam between 2010 and 2018. It exploits a change in the policies of Better Work Vietnam when, in 2015, the program announced the launch of a new public disclosure program that would see factories'names made publicly available along with their compliance (or lack thereof) with certain\"critical issues.\"The paper first examines which firm characteristics correlate with reductions in noncompliance rates over time, and then examines the impact of the public disclosure policy on compliance rates and firm dropout using different empirical techniques. It finds that while continued participation in the Better Work Vietnam program has the strongest effect on changes in firm compliance with labor standards over time, public disclosure is also associated with increased compliance, with stronger effects in some compliance points, including occupational health and safety, work time, and child labor. There is some evidence of increased dropout, but no evidence of firms only making progress on the critical issues is found. The research findings suggest that public disclosure within global value chains matters for firm behavior.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121270533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Moroccan New Keynesian Phillips Curve: A Structural Econometric Analysis 摩洛哥新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线:结构计量经济学分析

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9018

Vincent De Paul Tsoungui Belinga, Mohamed Doukali

引用次数: 1

Impact of International Migration on Labor Supply in Nepal 国际移民对尼泊尔劳动力供给的影响

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-16 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9014

Lokendra Phadera

引用次数: 4

Targeting Inputs: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania 目标投入:来自坦桑尼亚的实验证据

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-16 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9013

X. Giné, Bernardo Barboza Ribeiro, Ildrim Valley, Shreena Patel

引用次数: 4

Fiscal Incidence in Moldova: A Commitment to Equity Analysis 摩尔多瓦的财政事件:对公平分析的承诺

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-13 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9010

Alexandru Cojocaru, M. Matytsin, Valeriu Prohnițchi

{"title":"Fiscal Incidence in Moldova: A Commitment to Equity Analysis","authors":"Alexandru Cojocaru, M. Matytsin, Valeriu Prohnițchi","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses methods developed by the Commitment to Equity Institute and data from the Household Budget Survey to assess the effects of government taxation and social spending on poverty and inequality in Moldova. The paper presents the first detailed distributional analysis of the tax and expenditure sides of the fiscal system, examining in particular the contribution of different taxes and transfers to poverty and inequality reduction in Moldova, as well as the cost-effectiveness of different taxes and transfers in achieving these poverty and inequality reduction goals. The analysis finds that the tax-benefit system in Moldova is quite pro-poor and has a significant effect on poverty and inequality, with the poverty reduction effect being stronger for lower poverty thresholds. Pensions provide much of the poverty-reducing effect, which is not surprising, given that in an aging society like Moldova, pensions are the main income source for many households. Direct transfers are also quite effective in reducing poverty and are also efficient, providing a relatively high degree of poverty reduction per dollar allocated to these programs, but their overall effect on poverty is muted by their small budgetary allocations.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

On Financial Development and Economic Growth in the Arab Republic of Egypt 阿拉伯埃及共和国的金融发展和经济增长

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9008

M. Mohieldin, Khaled A. Hussein, A. Rostom

{"title":"On Financial Development and Economic Growth in the Arab Republic of Egypt","authors":"M. Mohieldin, Khaled A. Hussein, A. Rostom","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the evolution of the Egyptian banking sector and the main trends in financial development in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The paper examines empirically the relationship between the development of the financial sector and economic growth in Egypt between 1980 and 2016. It draws comparisons based on critical financial indicators between Egypt and selected emerging markets and developing economies, using a new data set of financial development indexes released by the International Monetary Fund. Econometric time-series modeling of bivariate regressions for real growth per capita and measures of financial development, to assess the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Egypt, yields three specific findings. First; there is a strong association between real growth per capita and financial development measured. Second; access to and the efficiency of banking services are not associated with real per capita income. Third, the Financial Markets Access Index—which compiles data on market capitalization outside the top 10 largest companies and the number of corporate issuers of debt—indicates that there is a robust association with real per capita gross domestic product. The main policy implications suggest that there should be a stronger focus on promoting a more proactive role for the financial services industry in Egypt. There is an especially critical role for bank financing to support the private sector to maintain an inclusive growth momentum. Further development of the capital market will promote the sustainability of such economic growth.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133634497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Long-Term Study of Prospera on Intergenerational Occupational Mobility 职业代际流动的长期研究

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-09 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8999

Iliana Yaschine, Delfino Vargas, Curtis Huffman, Hiram Carreňo, Ulises Ramon Navarro Hernandez, Tlacaelel Mendoza

{"title":"Long-Term Study of Prospera on Intergenerational Occupational Mobility","authors":"Iliana Yaschine, Delfino Vargas, Curtis Huffman, Hiram Carreňo, Ulises Ramon Navarro Hernandez, Tlacaelel Mendoza","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8999","url":null,"abstract":"Two decades after the inception of Mexico's conditional cash transfer program, PROSPERA, this study analyzes the intergenerational occupational mobility and occupational attainment of a group of rural beneficiary youths between ages 18 and 35 years, segmented into subgroups by sex, ethnic background and migratory status. Furthermore, it evaluates if a higher intensity of PROSPERA's treatment increases the equality of labor opportunities for the youths. Half of the youths achieved upward mobility relative to their occupation of origin, but, at the same time, there also was a high probability of having an occupation in a lower stratum of the occupational hierarchy, experiencing high occupational inheritance and barriers to climbing the social ladder. The variables related to social origin have a significant correlation with the occupational destinations of the youths, although their education, first occupation and cognitive abilities are factors that, altogether, have a greater weight and may reduce the effect of social origins on occupational destinations. Women and migrants present the highest rates of upward mobility and greater equality in labor opportunities, compared to men and non-migrants, respectively. No differences due to ethnicity were found. The findings on the effects of PROSPERA suggest that higher levels of treatment intensity may generate greater probabilities of better occupations, although this effect is considered modest. The results are only valid for the analyzed subpopulation and reflect a reduced difference in the treatment intensity, which must not be considered as the complete effect of the program's intervention.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132217534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Prospera on Enrollment, School Trajectories, and Learning 普洛斯佩拉对入学、学校轨迹和学习的影响

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-09 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9000

Jere r. Behrman, Susan W. Parker, Petra E. Todd

{"title":"Impacts of Prospera on Enrollment, School Trajectories, and Learning","authors":"Jere r. Behrman, Susan W. Parker, Petra E. Todd","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9000","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have demonstrated that Mexico's conditional cash transfer program, PROSPERA, has substantial effects on educational attainment. Nevertheless, little evidence exists on whether increases in time spent in school have led to higher learning in the context of the poor areas where PROSPERA principally operates, which tend to have overall low school quality. This study combines data from nationwide achievement tests with administrative data on PROSPERA beneficiaries to estimate impacts on achievement tests. The analysis finds significant effects on learning, as measured by standardized achievement tests, on the order of magnitude of 0.05 to standard deviation, with larger effects for indigenous children. The analysis also confirms large effects on enrollment in secondary and high school, using administrative school enrollment data rather than self-reported household-level data, as generally used in previous studies. Finally, given the existence of several alternative tracks in secondary and high school, the study also examines where PROSPERA beneficiaries enroll. The findings show that most of the increase in enrollment occurs in tele-secondary schools and, at the high school level, in general high schools.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"44-46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The Large-Firm Wage Premium in Developing Economies 发展中经济体的大企业工资溢价

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-09-09 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8997

T. Reed, T. Tran

引用次数: 2