World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series最新文献

The Transformative Effects of Privatization in China: A Natural Experiment Based on Politician Career Concern 私有化在中国的变革效应:一个基于政治家职业关注的自然实验

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9261

Zhangkai Huang, Jinyu Liu, Guangrong Ma, L. C. Xu

{"title":"The Transformative Effects of Privatization in China: A Natural Experiment Based on Politician Career Concern","authors":"Zhangkai Huang, Jinyu Liu, Guangrong Ma, L. C. Xu","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9261","url":null,"abstract":"The serious implications of privatizing state-owned enterprises for politicians, managers, and investors make such decisions highly contingent on firm characteristics and past performance, complicating the identification of the privatization effects. A unique opportunity for this identification arises from a rule of promotion of local politicians based on age requirements in China. This paper finds that Chinese cities whose top officials were older than age 58 were 20 percent less likely to privatize local state-owned enterprises during the wave of state-owned enterprise restructuring starting in the late 1990s. Relying on the regression discontinuity design, the analysis finds that privatizations led to productivity gains of more than 170 percent, an order of magnitude larger than the traditional estimates based on the firm fixed effect specification (including its random-growth variant). The paper further finds that the privatization effects are significantly larger when the government is less involved in the affairs of local firms. The findings underscore the need to deal with the time-varying selectivity of privatizations and highlight the crucial role that state-owned enterprise privatizations played in China's economic takeoff.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124180354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Causes and Impacts of Job Displacements and Public Policy Responses 失业的原因、影响和公共政策应对

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.1596/33720

A. Schmillen

引用次数: 3

Measuring Monetary Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: Data Gaps and Different Options to Address Them 衡量中东和北非(MENA)地区的货币贫困:数据差距和不同的解决方案

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9259

Aziz Atamanov, S. Tandon, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo, Mexico Alberto Vergara Bahena

引用次数: 5

Infrastructure, Economic Growth, and Poverty: A Review 基础设施、经济增长与贫困:综述

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9258

G. Timilsina, G. Hochman, Ze Song

引用次数: 22

Nowcasting Economic Activity in Times of COVID-19: An Approximation from the Google Community Mobility Report 2019冠状病毒病时期的临近预测经济活动:来自谷歌社区流动性报告的近似值

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9247

James Robert Ezequiel Sampi Bravo, Charl Jooste

引用次数: 36

The Sooner, the Better: The Early Economic Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic 越早越好:COVID-19大流行期间非药物干预措施的早期经济影响

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9257

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Michael Lokshin, Iván Torre

{"title":"The Sooner, the Better: The Early Economic Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Michael Lokshin, Iván Torre","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9257","url":null,"abstract":"The size of the economic shocks triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the associated non-pharmaceutical interventions have not been fully assessed, because the official economic indicators have not been published. This paper provides estimates of the economic impacts of the non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented by countries in Europe and Central Asia over the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis relies on high-frequency proxies, such as daily electricity consumption, nitrogen dioxide emission, and mobility records, to trace the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic, and calibrates these measures to estimate magnitude of the economic impact. The results suggest that the non-pharmaceutical interventions led to about a decline of about 10 percent in economic activity across the region. On average, countries that implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions in the early stages of the pandemic appear to have better short-term economic outcomes and lower cumulative mortality, compared with countries that imposed non-pharmaceutical interventions during the later stages of the pandemic. In part, this is because the interventions have been less stringent. Moreover, there is evidence that COVID-19 mortality at the peak of the local outbreak has been lower in countries that acted earlier. In this sense, the results suggest that the sooner non-pharmaceutical interventions are implemented, the better are the economic and health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130980947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

Exporters Dynamics and the Role of Imports in Argentina 出口商动态和进口在阿根廷的作用

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-04-22 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9218

Matias Arnoletto, Sebastian Franco Bedoya, J. Reyes

引用次数: 1

Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: What Does it Mean for Sri Lanka? 普惠金融与包容性增长:对斯里兰卡意味着什么?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9204

Rathnija Arandara, Shanuki Gunasekera

{"title":"Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: What Does it Mean for Sri Lanka?","authors":"Rathnija Arandara, Shanuki Gunasekera","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9204","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses data from the National Financial Inclusion Survey 2018 to understand the determinants of financial inclusion in Sri Lanka and their significance for inclusive growth. The findings highlight that gender, education, and formal employment are important determinants of financial inclusion in the country. The results indicate that being a male, having better education, and having formal employment increase a person's access to, and usage of, formal finance. The results also suggest that despite high levels and gender parity in education, Sri Lankan women seem to access more informal finance (and less formal finance) compared with men. There is a general lack of familiarity and low use of digital finance among women. Comparative analysis using the World Bank Group’s Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2017 indicates that although Sri Lanka leads its regional peers in access to finance, it lags its more aspirational East Asian counterparts in usage of savings and credit products as well as digital finance. The paper's findings complement recent policy initiatives such as the National Financial Inclusion Strategy for Sri Lanka. The findings also help in designing targeted actions to address the remaining gaps in financial inclusion in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115409136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Are Inflows of FDI Good for Russian Exporters? 外国直接投资流入对俄罗斯出口商有利吗?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9201

S. Poupakis

引用次数: 0

Explaining Differences in the Returns to R&Amp;D in Argentinathe Role of Contextual Factors and Complementarities 背景因素和互补性对阿根廷研发回报差异的解释

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9219

V. Arza, X. Cirera, A. Colonna, Emanuel López

{"title":"Explaining Differences in the Returns to R&Amp;D in Argentinathe Role of Contextual Factors and Complementarities","authors":"V. Arza, X. Cirera, A. Colonna, Emanuel López","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9219","url":null,"abstract":"Argentina's private investment in research and development is well below that of its peers. One important reason may be low and very heterogeneous returns to research and development activities on productivity. This paper uses novel microdata to estimate the returns to research and development and understand the contextual factors that shape their heterogeneity. The paper groups these context-based factors into knowledge complementary factors (that is, factors that affect the returns via learning capabilities from external sources of knowledge) and market complementary factors (factors that act via business capabilities to appropriate the returns to research and development investments). The paper hypothesizes that the effects of contextual factors depend on firms' management capabilities and attitudes (innovative capacity), which determine firms' ability to benefit from the context. The findings suggest that the returns are indeed heterogeneous across regions and sectors, and these results depend on some context-based factors, which can boost or depress the returns to R&D. The results have important policy implications, considering the effectiveness of innovation policies, need for adapting to specific regions and sectors, and maximization of the impact of these factors on the returns to research and development.","PeriodicalId":444500,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1