Xin Jin, M. Luján, Muhammad Mukaram Khan, L. Plana, Alexander D. Rast, S. Welbourne, S. Furber
{"title":"Algorithm for Mapping Multilayer BP Networks onto the SpiNNaker Neuromorphic Hardware","authors":"Xin Jin, M. Luján, Muhammad Mukaram Khan, L. Plana, Alexander D. Rast, S. Welbourne, S. Furber","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the feasibility and evaluates the performance of using the SpiNNaker neuromorphic hardware to simulate traditional non-spiking multi-layer perceptron networks with the back propagation learning rule. In addition to investigating the mapping of checker-boarding partitioning scheme onto SpiNNaker, we propose a new algorithm called pipelined checker-boarding partitioning which introduces a pipelined mode and captures the parallelism within each partition of the weight matrix, allowing the overlapping of communication and computation. Not only does the proposed algorithm localize communication, but it can also hide a part of or even all the communication. The performance is evaluated with SpiNNaker configurations up to 1000 nodes (20000 cores).","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117277414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Minimization on Thread-Level Speculation in Multicore Systems","authors":"Peng Li, Song Guo","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.17","url":null,"abstract":"Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) has shown great promise as an automatic parallelization technique to achieve high level performance by partitioning a sequential program into threads, which are expected to be optimistically executed in parallel. In this paper, we propose a load-balancing approach to save energy using dynamic voltage scaling. By scaling the voltage of processors running short threads, energy consumption on these processors can be reduced while keeping a similar speedup of the overall system. Two voltage selection strategies have been investigated. With the assistance of some profiling tools, we propose a static voltage selection algorithm that can minimize energy consumption without degrading the parallelism provided by the pure TLS. The other dynamic algorithm selects voltage for each thread with prediction during the execution. Our experimental results show that its energy consumption is reduced to 78.8% and execution time is stretched to 1.07 times, on average, of the pure TLS in a 16-core CMP processor.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"46 31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123386970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parallel ID Shadow-Map Decompression on GPU","authors":"E. D. Diktas, A. V. Sahiner","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.14","url":null,"abstract":"ID shadow-maps are used for robust real-time rendering of shadows. The primary disadvantage of using shadow-maps is their excessive size for large scenes in case high quality shadows are needed. To eliminate large memory requirements and texture-size limitations of the current generation GPUs, texture compression is an important tool. We present a framework where compressed ID-shadow-maps are used for real-time rendering of static scene shadows. The texture compression is performed off-line on the CPU and real-time decompression is performed on the GPU within a fragment-shader for shadowing the pixels. The use of ID shadow-maps (instead of conventional depth-based shadow-maps) is the key to high compression ratios. The ID shadow-map is compressed on the CPU by first partitioning it into blocks. Each compressed block is packed densely into a global array, while a pointer table is constructed that holds a pointer to the start of every compressed block in the global array. This data organization provides the GPU with a random access to the start of each compressed block thus enables fast parallel decompression. The proposed decompression shader-program and the underlying data structures can be applied to any type of array consisting of integers. The framework is implemented using OpenGL and GLSL.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133361952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decomposition Based Algorithm for State Prediction in Large Scale Distributed Systems","authors":"Mihai Istin, A. Visan, Florin Pop, V. Cristea","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.13","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction represents an important component of resource management, providing information about the future state, utilization and availability of resources. We propose a new prediction algorithm inspired from the decomposition of a complex wave into simpler waves with fixed frequencies (similar to Fourier decomposition). The partial results obtained from this decomposition stage are combined using approaches inspired from artificial intelligence models. The experimental results for different system parameters, used in Alice experiment, highlight the great improvement, discussed in terms of error reduction, offered by this new prediction algorithm. The tests were made using real-time monitoring data provided by a system monitoring tool, in the case of one-step and multi-step ahead prediction. The prediction's results can be used by the resource management systems in order to improve the scheduling decisions, assuring the load balancing and optimizing the resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115507568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost Performance Analysis in Multi-level Tree Networks","authors":"Kijeung Choi, T. Robertazzi","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.34","url":null,"abstract":"A monetary network cost problem involving a homogeneous multi-level tree of processors and links is discussed. The monetary network cost of processing a divisible load, which is linearly dependent on the amount of divisible workload, is basically composed of a communication cost and a computing cost. A monetary network analysis is performed by aggregating the network speed parameters and network cost parameters. This allows one to obtain a closed form solution for the total monetary network cost with maintaining a minimum total parallel processing finish time. Through a mathematical derivation of the ratio of total computing time variation to total network cost variation against changes in network size, insights on trends of network performance against network cost are achieved.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115569223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aysegul Alaybeyoglu, O. Dagdeviren, A. Kantarci, K. Erciyes
{"title":"A Distributed Wakening Based Target Tracking Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Aysegul Alaybeyoglu, O. Dagdeviren, A. Kantarci, K. Erciyes","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.33","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a two layer protocol for tracking fast targets in sensor networks. At the lower layer, the Distributed Spanning Tree Algorithm (DSTA) [12] partitions the network into clusters with controllable diameter and constructs a spanning tree backbone of cluster heads rooted at the sink. At the upper layer, we propose a target tracking algorithm which wakes clusters of nodes by using the estimated trajectory beforehand, which is different from existing studies [3] in which target can be detected only when the nodes close to the target are awake. We provide the simulation results and show the effect of fore-waking operation by comparing error and miss ratios of existing approaches with our proposed target tracking algorithm.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121331430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Butterfly Automorphisms and Edge Faults","authors":"M. D. Wagh, K. Bendjilali","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper obtains all the automorphisms of a wrapped Butterfly network of degree n using an algebraic model. It also investigates the translation of butterfly edges by automorphisms. It proposes a new strategy for algorithm mappings on an architecture with faulty edges. This strategy essentially consists of finding an automorphism that would map the faulty edges to the free edges in the graph. Having a set of n2^ (n+1) well defined simple automorphisms which translate graph edges deterministically, makes this a very powerful technique for dealing with edge faults. We illustrate the technique by mapping Hamilton cycle on the butterfly under various edge fault scenarios.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126515199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SKAIT: A Parameterized Key Assignment Scheme for Wireless Networks","authors":"Ramon Novales, N. Mittal, K. Saraç","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.18","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose SKAIT, a parameterized symmetric key pre-distribution scheme that guarantees a secure and confidential channel between every pair of nodes in a wireless network. Parameterization enables control over the number of keys assigned to a node, and allows users to trade increased key space complexity for improved collusion resistance. We provide an analysis of the space complexity, time complexity, and collusion resistance, and we show that message exchange is secure against internal and external eavesdroppers. We also show via analysis and simulation that SKAIT possesses the ability to make efficient use of key storage capacities of at least 3 sqrt (n), and collusion resistance superior to that of two recently proposed schemes when the number of colluding nodes is small.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114393130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Zeng, N. Mittal, S. Venkatesan, R. Chandrasekaran
{"title":"Fast Neighbor Discovery with Lightweight Termination Detection in Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Networks","authors":"Y. Zeng, N. Mittal, S. Venkatesan, R. Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.32","url":null,"abstract":"An important step in the initialization of a wireless ad hoc network is neighbor discovery in which every node attempts to determine the set of nodes it can communicate with in one wireless hop. In recent years, cognitive radio technology has gained attention as an attractive approach to alleviate the congestion within the frequency spectrum. A cognitive radio transceiver can operate over a wide range of frequencies possibly spanning multiple frequency bands. A cognitive radio node can scan the frequency spectrum and dynamically identify frequencies that it can use for communication without interference from other wireless devices in its vicinity. When multiple cognitive radio nodes come together to form an ad hoc network, due to spatial variations in frequency usage and hardware variations in radio transceivers, different nodes in the network may perceive different subsets of frequencies available to them for communication. This heterogeneity in the available channel sets across the network increases the complexity of conducting neighbor discovery in a cognitive radio network. In this paper, we propose a new deterministic neighbor discovery algorithm for heterogeneous multi-hop cognitive radio networks with termination detection capability. Our algorithm allows nodes to detect termination of the neighbor discovery process. Our simulation results indicate that our algorithm is much faster compared to a recently proposed deterministic neighbor discovery algorithm (a reduction of 97-98% in time complexity ) and termination detection is lightweight (at most 3% of the total time complexity).","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115708895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operational Semantics of the Marte Repetitive Structure Modeling Concepts for Data-Parallel Applications Design","authors":"A. Gamatie, Vlad Rusu, É. Rutten","doi":"10.1109/ISPDC.2010.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2010.30","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an operational semantics of the repetitive model of computation, which is the basis for the repetitive structure modeling (RSM) package defined in the standard UML Marte profile. It also deals with the semantics of an RSM extension for control-oriented design. The goal of this semantics is to serve as a formal support for i) reasoning about the behavioral properties of models specified in Marte with RSM, and ii) defining correct-by-construction model transformations for the production of executable code in a model-driven engineering framework.","PeriodicalId":444451,"journal":{"name":"2010 Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122310581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}