Remco van Eijkel, Mark Kattenberg, Ab van der Torre
{"title":"Pricing behavior in long term care markets: evidence from provider-level data for home help services.","authors":"Remco van Eijkel, Mark Kattenberg, Ab van der Torre","doi":"10.1007/s10754-022-09334-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10754-022-09334-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploiting a rich data set on the Dutch market for home help services, we find that larger providers obtain a higher price than do small providers. However, compared to other studies on market power in care markets this price difference is considered small to moderate. Our identification strategy relies on the exogenous variation in market shares in January'07, the very first month after home help was decentralized to municipalities. Zooming in on our main outcome, we obtain that the small but significant effect of market size on price is merely driven by the pricing behavior of for-profit providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"59-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discontinuation of performance-based financing in primary health care: impact on family planning and maternal and child health.","authors":"Amira El-Shal, Patricia Cubi-Molla, Mireia Jofre-Bonet","doi":"10.1007/s10754-022-09333-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-022-09333-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance-based financing (PBF) is advocated as an effective means to improve the quality of care by changing healthcare providers' behavior. However, there is limited evidence on its effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries and on its implementation in primary care settings. Evidence on the effect of discontinuing PBF is even more limited than that of introducing PBF schemes. We estimate the effects of discontinuing PBF in Egypt on family planning, maternal health, and child health outcomes. We use a difference-in-differences (DiD) model with fixed effects, exploiting a unique dataset of six waves of spatially constructed facility-level health outcomes. We find that discontinuing performance-based incentives to providers had a negative effect on the knowledge of contraceptive methods, iron supplementation during pregnancy, the prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, and, more importantly, under-five child mortality, all of which were indirectly targeted by the PBF scheme. No significant effects are reported for directly targeted outcomes. Our findings suggest that PBF can induce permanent changes in providers' behavior, but this may come at the expense of non-contracted outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"109-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10802582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catastrophic health expenditure and its determinants among Nigerian households.","authors":"Ryoko Sato","doi":"10.1007/s10754-022-09323-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-022-09323-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health expenditure can be substantial, especially in countries without national health insurance schemes, and it can negatively affect people's welfare. This study uses recent data to evaluate the extent to which Nigerian households suffer from catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and evaluates its determinants. We used the Living Standards Survey 2018-2019 to estimate the headcount of Nigerian households that experience CHE-the proportion of health expenditures exceeding a certain ratio of such expenditures to non-food expenditures. To evaluate the determinants of CHE, we used ordinary least square regression with state fixed effects. The total sample was 22,110 nationally representative households. Many households, especially poorer ones, do not have any health care expenses; only 60.6% of the poorest households had some health-related expenditure. Even with the limited health-seeking behaviors in this demographic, the percentage of households that suffered from CHE was very high: with a 15% cutoff for CHE thresholds, 34.9 to 44.2% of households experienced CHE. Lower education, higher non-food consumption, and rural residence were correlated with higher amounts of health expenditure and higher odds of CHE. Health-seeking behaviors such as clinic visits for sickness treatment and prevention are limited, especially among the poorer households. Even so, the headcount of households experiencing CHE is very high in Nigeria. Advancing the implementation of national health insurance scheme is important to reduce the burden of health expenditure, especially among the poor, as well as to remove financial barriers to their seeking adequate health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":"22 4","pages":"459-470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eliciting relative preferences for the attributes of health insurance schemes among rural consumers in India.","authors":"Mohd Zuhair, Ram Babu Roy","doi":"10.1007/s10754-022-09327-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10754-022-09327-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a limited understanding of the preferences of rural consumers in India for health insurance schemes. In this article, we investigate the preferences of the rural population for the attributes of a health insurance scheme by implementing a discrete choice experiment (DCE). We identified six attributes through qualitative and quantitative study: enrollment, management, benefit package, coverage, transportation facility, and monthly premium. A D-efficient design of 18 choices has been constructed, each comprising two health insurance choices. We collected the representative sample from 675 household heads of the rural population through personal interviews. The preferences for the attributes and attribute levels were estimated using the multinomial logit (MNL) and random-parameter logit (RPL) models. The analysis shows that all attribute levels significantly affect the choice behavior (P < 0.05). The relative order of preferences for attributes are; enrollment, benefit package, monthly premium, management, coverage, and transportation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":"38 1","pages":"443-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75490212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does supplemental private health insurance incentivize household risky financial asset investment? Evidence from the China Household Financial Survey.","authors":"Si Shi, Yawen Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10754-022-09326-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10754-022-09326-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Private health insurance (PHI) is considered a supplement to public medical insurance schemes in China. To the extent that PHI coverage may offset background risk by decreasing medical expenditure risk, it may also incentivize risky financial behaviors. However, empirical evidence confirming this theory is absent in China. We fill this void by examining the impact of supplemental PHI on household risky financial investment using data from the China Household Financial Survey (CHFS). In the first set of analyses, we used bivariate probit (BVP) models with instrumental variables (IVs) to examine the effects of PHI on the extensive margin of household risky financial investment. In the second set of analyses, we used Tobit models with a two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) framework to examine the effects of PHI on the corresponding intensive margin. The results indicated that supplemental PHI increased the probability of holding risky financial assets. On top of that, PHI increased the percentage of total financial assets allocated to risky financial investment. Such effects were more pronounced on stocks than on other risky products. Our findings provided evidence that purchasing supplemental PHI in China may increase the risk tolerance of financial investment, and risk attitude is a mediating factor between PHI ownership and risky financial investment behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":"42 1","pages":"369-421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76385887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical insurance and physician-induced demand in China: the case of hemorrhoid treatments.","authors":"Kebin Deng, Zhong Ding, Jieni Li","doi":"10.1007/s10754-021-09318-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-021-09318-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In October 2015, the Guangdong government of China enacted a so-called unified medical insurance payment for patients residing in Guangdong province, which fundamentally simplifies reimbursement procedures of medical insurance for the involved cross-city in-patients. Using a unique confidential dataset from 2013 to 2018 on hemorrhoid treatments at a renowned hospital in Guangzhou, the provincial capital of Guangdong, and exploiting difference-in-differences estimations based on the abovementioned policy, we document that the physicians' incentives are a negative externality of the full medical insurance policy for cross-city in-patients and account for a 49% probability increase in improper treatments; and neither increasing the communication between physicians and patients nor enhancing the education level of patients reduces the physician-induced demand for improper treatments. A series of robustness tests indicate our findings are solid. In summary, we highlight the substantial roles of medical insurance as a driver of physician-induced demand in an emerging economy such as China.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":" ","pages":"257-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39887660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact evaluation of subsidized health insurance programs on utilization of healthcare facilities: evidence from Indonesia.","authors":"Riska Dwi Astuti, Rindang Nuri Isnaini Nugrohowati","doi":"10.1007/s10754-021-09321-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10754-021-09321-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite subsidized health insurance has long been proclaimed by many countries including Indonesia, the variety of evaluation results showing that the optimization of benefits obtained by recipients is still questionable. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of subsidized health insurance programs (ASKESKIN and JAMKESMAS) on the utilization of healthcare facilities in Indonesia. Data from two waves longitudinal data, the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), were analyzed using the propensity score matching method. This study found that in general, ASKESKIN and JAMKESMAS had very small impacts on the utility of healthcare facilities measured by outpatient and inpatient visits by program's beneficiaries. It implies that being subsidized health insurance holders does not necessarily encourage them to visit formal healthcare facilities. In addition, the comparison of average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) between ASKESKIN and JAMKESMAS also did not show any significant improvement even though the program had tried to be improved. The results of this study provide the basis for advising policy makers that there needs to revisit the effectiveness of subsidized health insurance program implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":" ","pages":"315-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39822095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competition and physician-induced demand in a healthcare market with regulated price: evidence from Ghana.","authors":"Adolf Kwadzo Dzampe, Shingo Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s10754-021-09320-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-021-09320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using panel data of administrative claims spanning 36 months (2017-2019) and an instrumental variable method, this study examines whether physician-induced demand for hypertension disease care exists in Ghana's healthcare system where price is regulated, and there is no co-payment. We find that an increase in competition-measured as a high doctor-to-population ratio at the district level-leads to an increase in the number of physician visits, suggesting physician-induced demand exists, and that effects are greater for large hospitals and public health providers. This result is further supported by alternative measures and specifications showing that physicians' revenue from medication and gross revenue increase as the physician density increases. These pattern suggest that physicians in high density areas, faced with a decrease in number of patients per physician, make up for the decline in income by inducing more patient visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":"22 3","pages":"295-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10249551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Provider responses to discontinuous tariffs: evidence from Dutch rehabilitation care.","authors":"Katalin Gaspar, Xander Koolman","doi":"10.1007/s10754-021-09322-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-021-09322-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abrupt jumps in reimbursement tariffs have been shown to lead to unintended effects in physicians' behavior. A sudden change in tariffs at a pre-defined point in the treatment can incentivize health care providers to prolong treatment to reach the higher tariff, and then to discharge patients once the higher tariff is reached. The Dutch reimbursement schedule in hospital rehabilitation care follows a two-threshold stepwise-function based on treatment duration. We investigated the prevalence of strategic discharges around the first threshold and assessed whether their share varies by provider type. Our findings suggest moderate response to incentives by traditional care providers (general and academic hospitals, rehabilitation centers and multicategorical providers), and strong response by profit-oriented independent treatment centers. When examining the variation in response based on the financial position of the organization, we found a higher probability of manipulation among providers in financial distress. Our findings provide multiple insights and possible indicators to identify provider types that may be more prone to strategic behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":" ","pages":"333-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9365716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39754837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragan Tevdovski, Petar Jolakoski, Viktor Stojkoski
{"title":"The impact of state capacity on the cross-country variations in COVID-19 vaccination rates.","authors":"Dragan Tevdovski, Petar Jolakoski, Viktor Stojkoski","doi":"10.1007/s10754-021-09319-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-021-09319-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The initial period of vaccination shows strong heterogeneity between countries' vaccinations rollout, both in the terms of the start of the vaccination process and in the dynamics of the number of people that are vaccinated. A predominant thesis for this observation is that a key determinant of the swift and extensive vaccine rollout is state capacity. Here, we utilize two measures that quantify different aspects of the state capacity: (i) the external capacity (measured through the soft power of the country) and (ii) the internal capacity (measured via the country's government effectiveness) and provide an empirical test for their relationship with the coronavirus vaccination outcome in the initial period (up to 31st March 2021). By using data on 128 countries and a two-step Heckman approach, we find that the soft power is a robust determinant of whether a country has started with the vaccination process. In addition, the government effectiveness is a key factor that determines vaccine roll-out. Altogether, our findings are in line with the hypothesis that state capacity determines the observed heterogeneity between countries in the initial period of COVID-19 vaccines rollout. As such, they are a stark reminder for the need for transparent and fair global response regarding fair and equitable availability of vaccines to every country.</p>","PeriodicalId":44403,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Economics and Management","volume":" ","pages":"237-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8799438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39868599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}