2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference最新文献

{"title":"Model-Based Engineering for Platform System Design","authors":"J.A. Haiar, J. C. Lewis, H. Tiedeman","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313728","url":null,"abstract":"Tools and methods currently in use for requirements capture and design are not integrated and are inadequate to support complex, product-oriented system engineering. A trade study was conducted to analyze model-based technology solutions. The most favorably rated tools were piloted to evaluate alternatives and improve existing practices between multiple disciplines. The objective was to use a model-based design environment to gather requirements and develop a model. The result was a process that linked and synchronized the work environment and improved traditional design approaches. Issues addressed include: requirements capture, early validation, requirements allocation and system design, traceability, requirements management, and configuration management. Model-based engineering is a means to provide significant reductions to cycle time for the life of a project. This paper will summarize what was accomplished and the best practices found for this particular application","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"119 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128483832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Modular Avionics: Managing the Allocation of Shared Intersystem Resources","authors":"Christopher B. Watkins","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313743","url":null,"abstract":"The integrated modular avionics (IMA) architectures have ushered in a new wave of thought regarding avionics integration. IMA architectures utilize shared, configurable computing, communication, and I/O resources. These architectures allow avionics system integrators to benefit from increased system scalability, as well as from a form of platform management that reduces the workload for aircraft-level avionics integration activities. In order to realize these architectural benefits, the avionics suppliers must engage in new philosophies for sharing a set of system-level resources that are managed a level higher than each individual avionics system. The mechanisms for configuring and managing these shared intersystem resources are integral to managing the increased level of avionics integration that is inherent to the IMA architectures. This paper provides guidance for developing the methodology and tools to efficiently manage the set of shared intersystem resources. This guidance is based upon the author's experience in developing the Genesis IMA architecture at Smiths Aerospace. The Genesis IMA architecture was implemented on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner as the common core system (CCS)","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114273568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Packetized Voice: A New Communications Concept for Air Traffic Control","authors":"A. Burgemeister","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313696","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new concept in air traffic voice communications, which takes advantage of the inherent packet nature of push-to-talk two-way voice communications to significantly improve the efficiency of network bandwidth and provide numerous other potential benefits. Although described primarily for air/ground radio for air traffic control, the concept can be used wherever push-to-talk communication is appropriate","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114233323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of Cooperative Collision Avoidance for Unmanned Aircraft","authors":"A. Zeitlin, Michael P. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1109/MAES.2007.351714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2007.351714","url":null,"abstract":"For unmanned aircraft to be routinely used in civil airspace, an effective collision avoidance function is one area deemed essential for safe operation. Like manned aircraft, avoiding collisions with transponder-equipped, or \"cooperative\" traffic is among the primary hazards. This paper discusses similarities and differences in the collision avoidance function and the necessity of developing various models of environmental and system components in the collision avoidance functional chain. Potential sensitivities and shortcomings of the TCAS collision avoidance system for unmanned aircraft are discussed. The analysis method of fast-time simulation can develop a rich sample of collision encounter events from the numerous statistical distributions. This provides an established means to demonstrate system compliance with safety targets, when they are established","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126894968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified Robotics Avionics System: A Integrated Modular Architecture Applied Across a Group of Robotic Elements","authors":"R. Black, M. Fletcher","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313775","url":null,"abstract":"The latest NASA initiative for Human Space, namely the Space Exploration Vision, which encompasses Project Constellation, provides new opportunities for system implementation. The second wave of development after Crew Exploration Vehicle and Crew Launch Vehicle development, and following Shuttle retirement, will be development of lunar base concepts and operations leading to early robotic missions. The current vision for lunar base implementation anticipates that there will be highly integrated robotic pre-construction operations and robotic assistants for the astronauts. In preparation for this robotics involvement, there is a series of robotic precursor missions to the Moon and Mars. Historically, many humans are required to control a single robot; in practice the Mars Exploration Rovers require a staff of approximately 70 to support continual operation of a single robotic rover. In addition robotic avionics has typically been customized for each robot. While this has been effective for prior robotic missions, the habitation and exploration of the Moon and Mars requires many robots working in tandem with humans. The limited NASA budget to implement the Space Exploration Vision requires that multiple robots be commanded by a minimal operations staff and that a common set of avionics electronics be used across the multitude of robots needed. Traditional robotic avionics do not address either the additional autonomy or commonality required by this new set of robotic missions. One solution to address these concepts is to apply a Honeywell patent pending architecture that uses an integrated modular avionics (IMA) approach across a multiplicity of robots. This concept treats a group of robotic elements as a single system. Instead of each robot having a separate avionics system, a single shared avionics system will be deployed across the robots. This sharing would be implemented using an IMA system approach with each element of the robotic system being connected using a Virtual Backplanetrade. The IMA approach is a next generation avionics architecture where each element knows when an internal failure occurs and removes itself from the system. IMA utilizes a fail passive design that communicates to a COTS backplane for input/output and to the aforementioned Virtual Backplanetrade for intra-system communication. Each robot implements either single or multiple hardware-enhanced ARINC-653 software partitions. Together these partitions form a single system that provides the simplicity of a simplex system; implements the highest levels of reliability; provides the flexibility to easily reconfigure both software applications and hardware interfaces; allows for rapid prototyping using low-cost COTS hardware; and is easily expandable beyond the initial point implementation. The avionics for each robot interfaces to the local sensors and effectors. The high-level control of the robot may be local or may reside on another robot, a group of robots, or a remote b","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133476376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Systems Architecture - Both Boon and Bane","authors":"R. Black, M. Fletcher","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313746","url":null,"abstract":"As with every major social revolution, the advent of the digital age was accompanied by growing pains. Many of the methods used in the first few decades were ultimately rejected for better and more proven approaches. Complex systems such as aircraft avionics or military weapons control systems are no longer the purview of the omniscient hardware guru or software wizard. These mystics have been replaced by processes that improve productivity and enhance long-term maintainability. However, in most cases application of these processes produces its own set of problems This does not necessarily mean that the practice should be discontinued; the perfect solution may not exist. It is important that system architects select those practices that best meet their specific goals, while accounting for the associated problems. Over the past several years managers have come to accept as axiomatic that the use of open systems reduces cost, decreases schedule, and eliminates risks to a program. However, the term, \"open systems architecture\" invokes a variety of interpretations. To some it implies no proprietary components. To others it implies adherence to documented standards. Still others see it as implying plug-and-play features. This paper investigates several observed interpretations of the meaning of \"open systems architecture\". Each interpretation exhibits both positive and negative aspects, which should be considered when architecting requirements for a specific system. Particularly for complex or long-life programs such as the NASA's space exploration vision, there is a threshold beyond which the benefits of increased openness are outweighed by the associated costs. This paper concludes with a recommendation regarding the optimal placement of the open architecture threshold line for complex, long-life programs","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131309047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color Optic Flow: A Computer Vision Approach for Object Detection on UAVs","authors":"A. Ortiz, N. Neogi","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313713","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of reliable object avoidance is crucial for the survival of autonomous vehicles intended to navigate in densely populated environments. Uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) constitute a type of self guided platform which must rely on different types of sensors in order to navigate autonomously. The exploratory nature of UAVs has made vision systems a desirable option to solve the object avoidance problem by utilizing image data as a rich source of environmental information. The base of object detection and collision avoidance is motion estimation. Computer vision techniques have been developed throughout the years in order to estimate motion from two dimensional images. Most of these algorithms are computationally expensive, thus fail to meet the real time constraints imposed by UAV flight. However, recent developments in optic flow techniques using color imagery are giving vision systems the potential to solve certain navigation challenges on UAV platforms. In this paper a fixed wing UAV platform is described and constraining issues are presented and discussed. Different implementations of color optic flow algorithms are tested on actual flight video footage. Finally, the viability of optic flow as a desirable technique for real time motion estimation is evaluated","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127841259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Required Navigation Performance and 3D Paths in High-Traffic ATM Operations","authors":"A. Haraldsdottir, M. Berge, L. Kang, E. Schoemig, M. Alcabin, B. Repetto, M. Carter","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313712","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an operational concept that enables increased airport and airspace capacity through the integration of flight management system (FMS) required navigation performance (RNP) capabilities and ground based air traffic management (ATM) automation tools. The concept applies to en route and terminal area operations and uses voice or data link for air/ground communications. This concept is technically feasible for implementation in the 2008-2012 timeframe, assuming that advanced automation tools currently under development are deployed by air traffic service providers. This near-term step is key to successful transition to the next generation air transportation system (NGATS), as it will make a concrete step away from tactical controller vectoring to trajectory-based operations. The paper provide estimates of potential NAS-wide operational benefits of this concept due to increased airport and airspace capacity and increased flight profile efficiency. Airport and airspace capacity is represented in the Boeing national flow model (NFM), which is used to assess the potential delay benefits in current and future schedules that can be expected as system capacity is increased. The NFM is used to model the potential increase in airspace capacity that will be enabled by RNP routes and reduced controller workload due to enhanced automation capabilities","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128519513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Airport Surface Wireless Network - Development & Pre-Deployment Experience","authors":"S. DeHart, P. Neumiller","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313658","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation air transportation systems (NGATS) test bed will be used to demonstrate, validate and experiment with transformational air traffic management (ATM) technologies and concepts. This is a cooperative effort between Sensis Corporation and NASA Glenn Research Center. The testbed will be deployed at NASA Glenn and the Cleveland Hopkins, Burke Lakefront, and Lorraine County airports. An airport surface wireless network is part of the core infrastructure for the testbed. The objectives for the wireless network are to gain experience with wireless infrastructure in an airport surface environment. Challenges include identifying and utilizing node sites that provide sufficient coverage, and overcome link obstacles ranging from buildings to moving aircraft. This is also an opportunity to explore many multifaceted tradeoffs including spectrum allocation, channel structure, network capacity, application diversity and system cost. Commercial off the shelf (COTS) products will be used to implement the wireless networks. System deployment will include physical installation, network configuration and integration with a multilateration surface surveillance system. Initial network performance will be evaluated with both real and simulated traffic. Key performance parameters include network capacity, latency, packet loss, and link error performance. Mesh network link failover time is also critical. This paper describes the testbed network implementation and experience during the initial development and early integration in preparation for network deployment. NOTE: There are many acronyms used in this paper, see the appendix for definitions","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116994522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real-Time Probabilistic Traffic Flow Management Evaluation Tool","authors":"Kris Ramamoorthy, B. Boisvert, George Hunter","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2006.313783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2006.313783","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes research involving advanced strategic traffic flow management concepts and solutions in the national airspace system. We describe the data and software architecture of our real-time experimental software tool, ProbTFM, which is both an evaluation and a development platform for traffic flow management strategies. We next describe the engineering design of ProbTFM, including how the national airspace system, meteorological phenomena, and associated forecasts and their uncertainties are modeled. Finally we present preliminary test results comparing a probabilistic TFM concept with today's NAS","PeriodicalId":443824,"journal":{"name":"2006 ieee/aiaa 25TH Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127111630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}