Drought - Detection and Solutions最新文献

Canopy Temperature Depression as an Effective Physiological Trait for Drought Screening 冠层温度降低作为干旱筛选的有效生理性状

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85966

P. Sofi, Asmat Ara, M. Gull, Khalid Rehman

{"title":"Canopy Temperature Depression as an Effective Physiological Trait for Drought Screening","authors":"P. Sofi, Asmat Ara, M. Gull, Khalid Rehman","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.85966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85966","url":null,"abstract":"Water stress is a major production constraint in agriculture worldwide. Efforts to breed for drought tolerance are invariably hampered by the amount of time required to phenotype a large number of individuals and poor or inconsistent correlations and multiple mechanisms involved. Canopy temperature depression has emerged as a potential surrogate in view of substantial natural variation in crops as well as its correlation with yield. Based on the experimental findings two types of ideotype models based on CTD have been proposed as isohydric (“water sav-ing”) and anisohydric (“water spending”). The isohydrics have advantage in the harsher environments, whereas the anisohydrics perform better under moderate/ mild drought situations. Water savers have a shallow root system with intermediate root growth and thin roots. They are early and have high water use efficiency, reduced transpiration and limited leaf area and canopy biomass development and superior photosynthate remobilization to pod and grain. Contrary to this, water spenders have a vigorous and deep rooting system with rapid root growth and a thicker root system. Such genotypes are early and have highly effective water use, moderate transpiration and fast leaf area and canopy biomass development, moderate sink strength and superior photosynthate remobilization to pod and grain formation.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114596945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Can Nonlinear Water Pricing Help to Mitigate Drought Effects in Temperate Countries? 非线性水价有助于缓解温带国家的干旱影响吗?

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86529

J. Terreaux, M. Tidball

{"title":"Can Nonlinear Water Pricing Help to Mitigate Drought Effects in Temperate Countries?","authors":"J. Terreaux, M. Tidball","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86529","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of drought is most often associated with the aridity of landscapes and vegetation. But a green landscape can hide a frequent imbalance between water availability and the quantity necessary to maintain rivers in a suitable state, to satisfy different water needs. This is the case, for example, in the French region called New Aquitaine. Regularly, \"drought\" crisis committees are set up there to limit water use through administrative constraints, which is technically difficult and costly for many, and with an overall unsatisfactory situation from rural areas to the coast. But in summer, water consumption is mainly due to irrigation. Some water resource managers have consequently set up an original non-linear water pricing system for irrigation to achieve several objectives: above all, to limit water consumption in order to respect a minimum flow rate in rivers, to anticipate water supply-demand imbalances before agricultural plantations are made, to allocate water to the users who value it best, to recover water supply costs, to be transparent and sufficiently simple in its application to be acceptable. In this chapter, we propose to describe one of such original pricing systems, as well as some of its main mathematical properties and its practical interests.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116463048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological Features of Red Currant Adaptation to Drought and High Air Temperatures 红加仑适应干旱和高温的生理特征

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-07-02 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85033

Panfilova Olga Vitalevna, Golyaeva Olga Dmitrievna, Knyazev Sergey Dmitrievich, Kalinina Olga Vitalevna

{"title":"Physiological Features of Red Currant Adaptation to Drought and High Air Temperatures","authors":"Panfilova Olga Vitalevna, Golyaeva Olga Dmitrievna, Knyazev Sergey Dmitrievich, Kalinina Olga Vitalevna","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85033","url":null,"abstract":"An important requirement for varieties is adaptation to growing conditions. The main indicators of water regime, photosynthesis, and productivity of representatives of different species of Ribesia (Berl.) Jancz. subgenus to drought and high temperatures have been studied. Quantitative and qualitative changes of the photosynthetic apparatus are the response to drought and high temperatures. The ratio of chlorophylls to carotenoids is considered to be one of the indicators of adaptability. The total water potential in red currant leaves depends on shoot growth, leaf age, berry formation, variety, and weather conditions, and it is not the main indication of drought resistance. The ratio of bound and free water and water-holding capacity of the leaves is considered to be a determining sign of resistance to hyperthermia. Red currant genotypes do not possess high indicators of heat resistance. The prospects of using physiological rapid diagnostic methods in breeding for adaptability to destructive factors of the growing season are shown. The representatives of Ribes petraeum Wulf. (“Hollandische Rote”) and R. multiflorum Kit. (1426-21-80) have high levels of drought resistance, making them highly potential for wider growing in (semi)arid agroecological condition.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126150189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Satellite Data and Supervised Learning to Prevent Impact of Drought on Crop Production: Meteorological Drought 卫星数据和监督学习预防干旱对作物生产的影响:气象干旱

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-06-06 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85471

L. Ornella, G. Kruseman, J. Crossa

{"title":"Satellite Data and Supervised Learning to Prevent Impact of Drought on Crop Production: Meteorological Drought","authors":"L. Ornella, G. Kruseman, J. Crossa","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85471","url":null,"abstract":"Reiterated and extreme weather events pose challenges for the agricultural sector. The convergence of remote sensing and supervised learning (SL) can generate solutions for the problems arising from climate change. SL methods build from a training set a function that maps a set of variables to an output. This function can be used to predict new examples. Because they are nonparametric, these methods can mine large quantities of satellite data to capture the relationship between climate variables and crops, or successfully replace autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to forecast the weather. Agricultural indices (AIs) reflecting the soil water conditions that influence crop conditions are costly to monitor in terms of time and resources. So, under certain circumstances, meteorological indices can be used as substitutes for AIs. We discuss meteorological indexes and review SL approaches that are suitable for predicting drought based on historical satellite data. We also include some illustrative case studies. Finally, we will survey rainfall products existing at the web and some alternatives to process the data: from high-performance computing systems able to process terabyte-scale datasets to open source software enabling the use of personal computers.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Drought Stress Response in Agricultural Plants: A Case Study of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 农业植物对干旱胁迫的响应——以菜豆为例

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86526

A. Sedlar, M. Kidrič, J. Šuštar-Vozlič, B. Pipan, T. Zadražnik, V. Meglič

{"title":"Drought Stress Response in Agricultural Plants: A Case Study of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"A. Sedlar, M. Kidrič, J. Šuštar-Vozlič, B. Pipan, T. Zadražnik, V. Meglič","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86526","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the major threats to common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), affecting its growth and productivity and, thus, contributing to considerable losses in yield in many regions worldwide. The development of varieties tolerant of drought stress has, therefore, become one of the primary goals in many common bean breeding programs. Plants have developed various mechanisms of their adaptation, to a greater or lesser extent, to drought. These are expressed, on the molecular level, by changes of gene expression and of protein content, together with responses at physiological and morphological levels. The response of common bean to drought is still not sufficiently well characterized due to its genetic complexity and its diverse, often ambiguous, phenotypic effects. Understanding these mechanisms is thus of fundamental importance for developing varieties that are better adapted to such stress conditions. In this chapter, we present research that provides an insight into the morpho-physiological adaptation and its underlying molecular changes in common bean plants exposed to drought. We include our contribution to establishing the basis for breeding of common bean with greater tolerance to this abiotic stress that uses molecular markers and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs).","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124113832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Application to Crop Production under Water Scarcity 缺水条件下丛枝菌根真菌在作物生产中的应用效益

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86595

K. Posta, N. H. Duc

引用次数: 31

Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) for Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚气候风险和预警系统(CREWS)

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85962

Y. Kuleshov, K. Inape, Andrew B. Watkins, A. Bear-Crozier, Zhi-Weng Chua, P. Xie, T. Kubota, Tomoko Tashima, R. Stefański, T. Kurino

{"title":"Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) for Papua New Guinea","authors":"Y. Kuleshov, K. Inape, Andrew B. Watkins, A. Bear-Crozier, Zhi-Weng Chua, P. Xie, T. Kubota, Tomoko Tashima, R. Stefański, T. Kurino","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85962","url":null,"abstract":"Developing and least developed countries are particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change and climate extremes, including drought. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), severe drought caused by the strong El Niño in 2015–2016 affected about 40% of the population, with almost half a million people impacted by food shortages. Recognizing the urgency of enhancing early warning systems to assist vulnerable countries with climate change adaptation, the Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) international initiative has been established. In this chapter, the CREWS-PNG project is described. The CREWS-PNG project aims to develop an improved drought monitoring and early warning system, running operationally through a collaboration between PNG National Weather Services (NWS), the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the World Meteorological Organization that will enable better strategic decision-making for agriculture, water management, health and other climate-sensitive sectors. It is shown that current dynamical climate models can provide skillful predictions of regional rainfall at least 3 months in advance. Dynamical climate model-based forecast products are disseminated through a range of Web-based information tools. It is demonstrated that seasonal climate prediction is an effective solution to assist governments and local communities with informed decision-making in adaptation to climate variability and change.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115535197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Native Plants to Arid Areas: A Genetic Reservoir for Drought-Tolerant Crops 干旱地区的原生植物:耐旱作物的基因库

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-05-30 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86485

Ricardo Trejo-Calzada, A. Pedroza-Sandoval, J. Arreola-Ávila, Fabián García-González

{"title":"Native Plants to Arid Areas: A Genetic Reservoir for Drought-Tolerant Crops","authors":"Ricardo Trejo-Calzada, A. Pedroza-Sandoval, J. Arreola-Ávila, Fabián García-González","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86485","url":null,"abstract":"Droughts are common in arid areas. These cause important losses in crop production, while the increasing population demands more food and goods. Cultivars able to produce under drought conditions are required to avoid or reduce production losses. Plants have evolved different mechanisms to face drought, and many genes have been already discovered in model and cultivated plants that are involved in this trait. Some of these genes have been successfully transformed into cultivated plants for drought tolerance. Plants native to arid lands may possess variants of drought tolerance mechanisms as compared to mesophytic or model plants. Also, different drought-related genes can be revealed. Studies using high-throughput and bioinformatic tools may allow to discover new genes and give new insights on the mechanisms involved in drought tolerance. However, still scarce studies in plants native to arid lands show that there are many drought-related genes that have not been already characterized and potentially they may be novel genes. These novel genes may be used to improve crops for drought tolerance. Therefore, more physiological, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies are needed on plants native to the deserts.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131098047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Understanding the Drought Phenomenon in the Iberian Peninsula 了解伊比利亚半岛的干旱现象

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-04-08 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85472

M. G. Ojeda, E. Jiménez, S. Gámiz-Fortis, Y. Castro‐Díez, M. Parra

{"title":"Understanding the Drought Phenomenon in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"M. G. Ojeda, E. Jiménez, S. Gámiz-Fortis, Y. Castro‐Díez, M. Parra","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85472","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis and understanding of drought phenomenon are essential for the management of hydrological resources. Drought indices are commonly used to predict these extreme events, being their suitability partly due to the use of climate fields at an adequate spatiotemporal resolution. This work aims to examine spatiotemporal patterns of drought over the Iberian Peninsula (IP), which is a region especially vulnerable to drought phenomenon. For this, climate data from a simulation completed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model have been used. The spatiotemporal patterns of drought over the period 1980–2014 were examined using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at the 3- and the 12-month time scales, and they were compared with other drought-related variables such as the surface evapotranspiration (SFCEVP), soil moisture (SM), and runoff. The results evidence that WRF is a valuable tool for characterizing droughts over the IP, providing large amounts of climate data at an adequate spatial resolution. Drought events seem to be more severe in regard to their duration over southern IP. Moreover, a good agreement between the SPEI at 3-month time scale with the SM and the SFCEVP is found. Additionally, the annual runoff evolves similarly to the SPEI at 12-month time scale.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121291614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Drought Impacts on Bioenergy Supply System Risk and Biomass Composition 干旱对生物能源供应系统风险和生物量组成的影响

Drought - Detection and Solutions Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85295

Amber N. Hoover, Rachel M. Emerson, J. Hansen, Damon S. Hartley, Allison E. Ray

{"title":"Drought Impacts on Bioenergy Supply System Risk and Biomass Composition","authors":"Amber N. Hoover, Rachel M. Emerson, J. Hansen, Damon S. Hartley, Allison E. Ray","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85295","url":null,"abstract":"Bioenergy is an important renewable energy option worldwide, but the industry is susceptible to a myriad of risks including biomass supply, of which drought plays a role. Crops yields decrease during drought, increasing year-to-year risk for the agricultural industry. For the renewable energy industry, in particular, the effect of drought on crops is substantial and complex. This chapter discusses the current state of knowledge regarding how drought affects biomass destined for renewable energy as it relates to dry biomass yields and chemistry, the latter of which heavily impacts cost of production and final product yields. Advanced supply systems are one option for reducing biomass supply risk. These systems lead to higher, less variable crop yields during uncontrollable events like drought; however, the quality of material supplied in a drought year may still vary as drought impacts plant chemistry. This chapter provides analysis for chemical composition of four bioenergy crops observing that both carbohydrates and lignin decrease during a drought year compared to a year with minimal to no drought. These chemical changes can impact biochemical conversion through inhibitor formation and altering degradability during pretreatment.","PeriodicalId":443029,"journal":{"name":"Drought - Detection and Solutions","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4