Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome最新文献

{"title":"Dreaming during the COVID-19 lockdown: a comparison of Italian adolescents and adults.","authors":"Massimiliano Sommantico,&nbsp;Ilaria Iorio,&nbsp;Marina Lacatena,&nbsp;Santa Parrello","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the continuity hypothesis of dreaming, we have studied the effects of lockdown measures on Italian adolescents' and adults' dreams during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A sample of 475 subjects (73.9% women; 48.4% adolescents; ages 12-70 years, M=25.10, SD=12.2) was recruited via the Internet between April 17, 2020 and May 18, 2020. Participants were asked to provide socio-demographic data, as well as to report their Most Recent Dream. Results indicated that adults' dreams were the longest, as well as characterized by higher emotional intensity, predominantly negative emotions, and a higher presence of sensory impressions. Furthermore, results indicated that the participants, especially adolescents, who were most directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic reported the strongest effects on their dreams. Results also indicated that women recall dreams more often than men, in addition to reporting higher emotional intensity, predominantly negative emotions, and a higher presence of sensory impressions. Finally, results of the Thematic Analysis of Elementary Contexts showed that adults' dreams seem to be centered, above all, on both pleasant memories linked to experiences that are now forbidden (<i>i.e</i>., traveling, meeting friends) as well as on nightmares, while adolescents' dreams focused on relationships with others. Finally, both adults and adolescents reported dreams related to the experience of home confinement, which they described in terms of the negative emotions they experienced. In sum, the findings of this study indicate that the COVID-19 lockdown measures, understood as a contextual and traumatic event, significantly affect people's oneiric lives, regardless of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 2","pages":"536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/f0/ripppo-24-2-536.PMC8451218.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39452924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working on dreams, from neuroscience to psychotherapy.","authors":"Giorgio Caviglia","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within the current clinical practice, the debate on the use of dream is still very topical. In this article, the author suggests to address this question with a notable scientific and cultural openness that embraces either the psychoanalytic approach (classical, modern and intersubjective), and the neurophysiological assumptions and both clinical research and cognitive hypotheses. The utility of dream - in the clinical work with patients - is supported by the author with extensive bibliographic references and personal clinical insights, drawn from his experience as a psychotherapist. Results: From an analysis of recent literature on this topic, the dream assumes a very different function and position in the clinical practice: from '<i>via regia</i> to the unconscious' of Freudian theories - an expression of repressed infantile wishes of libidinal or aggressive drive nature - it becomes the very fulcrum of the analysis, a fundamental capacity to be developed, a necessary and decisive element for the patient's transformation. The dream can also be use with the function of thinking and mentalization, of problem solving, of adaptation, as well as an indicator of the relationship with the therapist in the analytic dialogue or of dissociated aspects of the self. Finally, the author proposes a challenging reading of the clinical relevance of dream: through listening to the dream, the clinician can help the patient to <i>stand in the spaces</i> of his own self in a more open and fluid way and therefore to know himself better, to regulate his affects, to think and to integrate oneself. <i>A dream which is not interpreted is like a letter which is not read</i> (Babylonian Talmud, tractate <i>Berakhòt</i>, folio 55a) <i>A man is shown [a dream] only from the thoughts of his heart</i> (Babylonian Talmud, tractate <i>Berakhòt</i>, folio 55b).</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 2","pages":"540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/cf/ripppo-24-2-540.PMC8451212.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39452927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapists' perception of their clinical skills and in-session feelings in live therapy <i>versus</i> online therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study.","authors":"Irene Messina,&nbsp;Henriette Loffler-Stastka","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many psychotherapists who were used to seeing their patients in face-toface setting adapted to providing therapies online. In the present pilot study, we investigated therapist current experiences of online therapy compared to live therapy. Twenty-nine therapists completed <i>Clinical Skills</i>, <i>Difficulties in Practice</i>, and in-sessions feelings of <i>Flow</i>, <i>Boredom</i> and <i>Anxiety</i> of the <i>Trainee Current Progress Report</i>, giving a score for each item in two different conditions: Live Therapy and Online Therapy. Compared to Live Therapy, in Online Therapy therapists reported significantly less Clinical Skills, whereas Difficulties in Practice did not differ in the considered conditions. With regard to in-sessions feeling, therapists reported significantly lower scores of Boring and higher scores of Flow in Live Therapy compared to Online Therapy, whereas Anxiety did not differed in the considered conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/7e/ripppo-24-1-514.PMC8082529.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portuguese validation of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire in routine practice.","authors":"Sara Silva,&nbsp;Eunice Barbosa,&nbsp;João Salgado,&nbsp;Carla Cunha","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to validate and explore the psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire (CEQ) for the Portuguese population in the context of routine practice. The sample includes 87 clients from a university psychotherapy clinic. All clients completed self-report measures to assess credibility and expectation (CEQ), as well as measures of general mental health, depressive symptoms and therapeutic alliance in session 1 and session 2. The exploratory analysis revealed the existence of two factors in CEQ for the Portuguese population, factor 1 credibility and factor 2 expectation. The measure demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability and good adjustment in the confirmatory analysis. In terms of convergent validity, no significant correlation was found between credibility and expectation and the therapeutic alliance. The results corroborate the CEQ psychometric qualities for the Portuguese population, also showing its applicability in a context of routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/b3/ripppo-24-1-495.PMC8082527.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric analysis of the Dutch language Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) video clips.","authors":"Sabine J van Thiel,&nbsp;Margot C W Joosen,&nbsp;Anne-Linde Joki,&nbsp;Arno van Dam,&nbsp;Jac J L van der Klink,&nbsp;Kim de Jong","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the motivation of investigating the replicability and transferability of the findings employing the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) performance task beyond Anglophone countries, a set of Dutch FIS clips have been scripted and recorded. In this study the psychometric properties of the Dutch clips was tested. Furthermore, an additional set of FIS clips portraying a non-challenging client-therapist interaction was tested. 369 psychology students rated the interpersonal impact (IMI-C) and the affect (positive and negative affect schedule) displayed by the hypothetical client. Thirteen out of sixteen FIS clips were located in the same IMI-C quadrant as the US clips, indicating good content validity for all sets of FIS clips. Inter-rater reliability was reasonable for one set of Dutch language FIS clips (k=0.416). Visual inspection of quadrants showed the different character of the non-challenging set of FIS clips. The Dutch FIS clips are directly applicable for educational and research purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/f9/ripppo-24-1-513.PMC8082538.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy provided by novice psychotherapists: effects on symptomatology and psychological structure in patients with anxiety disorders.","authors":"Diego Rocco,&nbsp;Vincenzo Calvo,&nbsp;Vito Agrosi,&nbsp;Francesca Bergami,&nbsp;Luce Maria Busetto,&nbsp;Silvia Marin,&nbsp;Giovanna Pezzetta,&nbsp;Luca Rossi,&nbsp;Lorenzo Zuccotti,&nbsp;Allan Abbass","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the effectiveness of psychotherapy provided by novice therapists, in an attempt to clarify the controversial relationship between treatment effectiveness and therapist experience. To achieve this, we examined the short- and long-term effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) in the treatment of patients with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, IV edition - Text Revision anxiety disorders, as provided by novice psychology trainees. Twenty-two patients with anxiety disorders were provided ISTDP. Patients improved significantly on all outcome indices, including the global assessment of functioning, the symptom checklist and the inventory of interpersonal problems, at the end of the treatment and at 6 and 12 month follow-up. In addition to these results, there was marked structural personality change as evidenced by ratings on the Shedler Westen assessment procedure (SWAP-200), at the same assessment moments; the SWAP-200 psychological health index score showed a meaningful increase in adaptive psychological resources and capacities, while the mean number of personality diagnoses decreased from the beginning to the end of therapy, and all patients maintaining their gains in 6-12 month follow-up. We conclude that ISTDP provided by novice psychotherapists is efficacious in bringing broad and in-depth change to pathology that can perpetuate anxiety disorders and other psychiatric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/44/ripppo-24-1-503.PMC8082537.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation anxiety in a community sample of Italian emerging adults and its relationship with dimensions of borderline personality.","authors":"Giulia Bassi,&nbsp;Elisa Mancinelli,&nbsp;Daniela Di Riso,&nbsp;Adriana Lis,&nbsp;Silvia Salcuni","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research studies focusing on separation anxiety and its relation with other measures of anxiety and personality-relevant variables in community samples are still scarce. This study aimed to describe in a dimensional perspective the relationship between separation anxiety symptoms, anxiety levels, and personality traits in a community sample of Italian emerging adults. A sample of 260 college students [mean age (M_age)=21.22, standard deviation (SD)=1.91, 79.6% females] completed the adult separation anxiety questionnaire-27 (ASA-27), the state and trait anxiety inventory-Y (STAI-Y), and the personality assessment inventory borderline scale (PAI-BOR). ASA-27 was significantly and positively correlated with the PAI borderline scale. The mediation model showed that ASA-27 influenced the PAI-BOR through trait anxiety. Clinical implications of the study for psychotherapy research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/36/ripppo-24-1-506.PMC8082528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The indirect effect of a focus group for psoriatic patients on their caregivers.","authors":"Antonella Demma,&nbsp;Caterina Suitner,&nbsp;Emilia Ferruzza,&nbsp;Chiara Nicolini,&nbsp;Massimo Donini","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease involving not only epidermic damages but also psychological distress for patients and their family caregivers. Little is known about the effects of a psychological support for psoriatic patients on their caregivers' well-being. The goal of the present study was to investigate the indirect effects of the participation in a dynamic focus group reserved for psoriatic patients on their caregivers in terms of quality of life. The study involved 52 psoriatic patients and 41 family caregivers. Patients' wellbeing was assessed using the dermatology quality of life index, hospital anxiety and depression scale. The impact of the disease on caregivers was assessed using the family dermatology life quality index (FDLQI). Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. The caregivers of psoriatic patients involved in the psychodynamic focus group reported levels of FDLQI that decreased over time, therefore showing an improvement in their quality of life in relation to the pathology of their relatives; the caregivers of patients who did not participate in the psychodynamic focus group, instead, had levels of FDLQI that were stable over time. The results provide preliminary evidence that the group setting of the Psychodynamic Focus Group may alleviate the negative impact of psychosomatic disease on the caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/33/ripppo-24-1-486.PMC8082531.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construct validity of two measures of self-forgiveness in Portugal: a study of self-forgiveness, psychological symptoms, and well-being.","authors":"Liliana Costa,&nbsp;Everett L Worthington,&nbsp;Cristina Cavadas Montanha,&nbsp;Ana Bela Couto,&nbsp;Carla Cunha","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have suggested that self-forgiveness promotes psychological well-being. The state self-forgiveness scale (SSFS) and the differentiated self-forgiveness process scale (DSFPS) are two self-report questionnaires that assess self-forgiveness in psychotherapy, personal change, and health. The present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the SSFS and the DSFPS in a Portuguese sample, highlighting reliability and validity properties for scores on both scales. We examine the relationships among self-forgiveness, self-criticism, psychological well-being, and global psychopathological symptoms. The two scales were completed in a random nonclinical sample of 475 University students. The psychological well-being scale was used to explore the relation between self-forgiveness and well-being. Our findings show evidence of a good estimated internal consistency for scores on both scales - SSFS and DSFPS. Self-forgiveness is related to higher indexes of positive feelings (<i>e.g</i>., self-compassion, self-esteem) such as positive behaviors and beliefs about the self. Thus, self-criticism (<i>e.g</i>., hated self) tends to decrease while self-forgiveness feelings and actions, as well as positive feelings of the self (self-compassion; self-love) tends to increase. In clinical practice these are positive indicators, which can lead to personal improvement, as well as positive affect and lower symptomatology (<i>e.g</i>., symptoms of depression).</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/81/ripppo-24-1-500.PMC8082530.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mentalization, attachment, and defense mechanisms: a Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2-oriented empirical investigation.","authors":"Annalisa Tanzilli,&nbsp;Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe,&nbsp;Guido Giovanardi,&nbsp;Tommaso Boldrini,&nbsp;Giorgio Caviglia,&nbsp;Ciro Conversano,&nbsp;Vittorio Lingiardi","doi":"10.4081/ripppo.2021.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mentalizing capacities depends on the quality of primary attachment interactions with caregivers who thinks of the child as a subject with mental states. Operationalized as reflective functioning, mentalization is crucial for regulating emotions and developing of a coherent sense of identity, for interacting with individuals making sense to own and others mental states, and for distinguishing internal and external realities without distortions. Although the clinical literature on interplay between mentalization, attachment, and emotional regulation is rich, the empirical research is limited. This study sought to explore connections between reflective functioning, attachment styles, and implicit emotion regulation, operationalized as defense mechanisms, in a group of depressive patients. Twenty-eight patients were interviewed using the <i>adult attachment interview</i> (AAI) and diagnosed using the <i>Psychodynamic Chart-2</i> of the <i>Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, Second Edition</i>. The <i>reflective functioning scale</i> and the <i>defense mechanisms rating scale Qsort</i> were applied to AAI transcriptions to assess reflective functioning and defensive profile. Patients with secure attachment showed significantly higher levels in reflective functioning and overall defensive functioning as compared to those with insecure attachment. Good reflective functioning and secure attachment correlated with mature defenses and specific defensive mechanisms that serve in better regulating affective states. Overall, the relationship between mentalization, attachment and emotion regulation lay the foundations for the delineation of defensive profiles associated with attachment patterns and reflective functioning in depressive patients. The systematic assessment of these psychological dimensions with gold-standard tools may help in tailoring personalized therapeutic interventions and promoting more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":44262,"journal":{"name":"Research in Psychotherapy-Psychopathology Process and Outcome","volume":"24 1","pages":"531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/6d/ripppo-24-1-531.PMC8082535.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38941034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}