Politicka Ekonomie最新文献

{"title":"Alternative Concept of the Feldstein-Horioka Model under a Variable Parameter Assumption: a Study of the Czech Republic's Accession to the European Union","authors":"Lukáš Frýd","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1277","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative Concept of the Feldstein-Horioka Model under a Variable Parameter Assumption: a Study of the Czech Republic’s Accession to the European Union We investigate the impact of the Czech Republic’s membership in the European Union on capital mobility. Our estimation of capital mobility is based on the alternative Feldstein-Horioka model. The model comes from intertemporal budget constraints with the additional assumption of a different data generation process. We propose an empirical framework to capture two different regimes in the vector error correction model. We show that the period 1996–2004 is composed of both regimes. The most important conclusion is that the period 1996–2004 is connected with a mix of both regimes. However, the period 2005–2017 comprises only one regime, which is connected with higher capital mobility. Therefore, capital mobility in the Czech Republic increased after 2004.","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67826070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Concepts of Post-Crisis Public Debt Reduction Policy","authors":"Pavol Ochotnický, Jozef Jankech","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1282","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses episodes of successful reduction of public debt in OECD countries. From 2008 to 2018, we identify 19 episodes of fiscal consolidation, of which five resulted in a significant debt reduction. The most successful post-crisis concept is extensive, long-term consolidations and consolidations started with excessive initial debt. Spending cut consolidations have not been significantly more successful than the tax increase approach. After the inclusion of projections for 2019 and 2020, we identified 18 episodes of significant debt reduction, of which nine were associated with previous fiscal consolidation and nine were not. In the years after successful consolidation, the primary balance surpluses were more effective in debt reduction than the macroeconomic environment. Economic growth and interest rates in the significant debt reduction episodes associated with previous consolidation were lower than those without that connection. Countries which have achieved significant debt reduction without previous consolidation have done so primarily by better macro development and profited from a lower level of indebtedness.","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"2020 1","pages":"168-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42928243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Start-up Subsidy for Unemployed in the Czech Republic","authors":"Ondřej Dvouletý, Ondřej Hora","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1267","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to analyse the effects of the start-up subsidy programme for unemployed in the Czech Republic, which is provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. We explored to what extent participants in the programme in 2014 returned to unemployment three years after the end of the programme, i.e., 2014-2017. Methodologically, we conducted counterfactual impact analysis, where we matched participants in the programme with those who were not supported by any measures of active labour market policy. The results show that participants in the programme return to unemployment to a lesser extent. In total, they spent fewer days in unemployment during the follow-up period, and they returned to unemployment fewer times when compared with non-participants. Overall, 91.3% of participants never returned to unemployment during the analysed period. These results can be interpreted as a positive outcome of the programme. The article also offers implications for targeting the programme and for future research.","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"2020 1","pages":"142-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45434564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popularizace ekonomických bublin","authors":"Kateřina Šímová","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1271","url":null,"abstract":"Na začátku roku 2019 knižní trh obohatila publikace Dominika Stroukala, českého ekonoma a pedagoga, nacházející se na pomezí vědeckého a populárně naučného žánru, která je zaměřená na problematiku ekonomických (cenových) bublin. Vzrůstající trend seznamování široké veřejnosti s ekonomickými teoriemi a hospodářským vývojem lze pozorovat v celosvětovém měřítku. Knihami, články v novinách, blogy a podcasty se snaží veřejnosti přiblížit dění v ekonomice i celosvětově významní ekonomové jako např. nobelisté R. H. Thaler nebo P. R. Krugman. Kniha D. Stroukala sestává z deseti kapitol mimo úvodní a závěrečné kapitoly. Autor se v knize zaobírá relativně širokým časovým úsekem, tj. významnými ekonomickými bublinami od Tulipánové horečky v 17. století až po poslední krizi v prvním desetiletí nového milénia. Hlavním motivem knihy je zkoumání vztahu mezi trhem peněz a ekonomickými bublinami. Autor v každé kapitole včetně té úvodní objasňuje základní ekonomické mechanismy a pojmy, záměrně místy poněkud zjednodušeně, tj. ve formě přijatelné pro čtenáře s neekonomickým vzděláním.12 Ke kladům knihy patří zejména výklad opírající se o aplikované příklady „ze života“. Zajímavostí knihy je, že autor na konci úvodní kapitoly i následujících devíti kapitol uvádí vždy jedno poučení pro čtenáře, které vyplývá z předchozího obsahu kapitoly. Úvodní kapitola stručně seznamuje čtenáře s bublinami v minulosti, mechanismy fungování ekonomiky, potřebnými pojmy a vyhlídkami do budoucnosti. V rámci úvodní kapitoly se dále autor věnuje např. transmisnímu mechanismu mapujícímu vliv","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"68 1","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Průvodce světem národních účtů","authors":"Marek Rojíček","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"68 1","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41957731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Selected Factors on the Results of Electronic Reverse Auctions","authors":"Vojtech Klézl, R. Delina, L. Senderáková, M. Tkáč","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1268","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of Selected Factors on the Results of Electronic Reverse Auctions In the study, we focus on examining the impact of selected factors on the results of electronic reverse auctions and thus the savings achieved. The study extends the knowledge of extant literature to empirical insights and uses currently the broadest sample of approximately 16,000 e-auction cases. The study confirms that the savings calculation method and the use of a comparative or initial price affect the outcome of the auction as well as the individual selected factors entering the model (e-auction value, number of changes, number of extensions, number of bidders, number of items).","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67825027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Technical Change on Employment Structure in the Visegrad Group Countries","authors":"Dávid Martinák","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67825013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRIESTOROVÉ EFEKTY V REGIONÁLNYCH INOVAČNÝCH AKTIVÍTÁCH","authors":"Andrea Furková","doi":"10.18267/J.POLEK.1269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/J.POLEK.1269","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of spatial effects in the innovation processes across 245 NUTS-2 European Union (EU) regions for the period 2008-2012. The goal of the paper is to verify two hypotheses. The first one deals with spatial autocorrelation, i.e., our assumption is that the regional innovation process is not a spatially isolated process but is determined by innovation activities in neighbouring regions as well. Secondly, we assume non-homogeneous responses of innovation output to changes in innovation inputs across groups of regions, i.e., a spatial heterogeneity hypothesis. Patent applications were chosen as a proxy for innovative activity and we considered research and development expenditures and human resources in science and technology as innovation inputs. In order to model the behaviour of innovative activity at the EU regional level, we constructed and estimated a spatial regional knowledge production function model and spatial regime models. The results of the analysis confirm the hypothesis that the regional innovation process is not a spatially isolated process but is also influenced by innovation activities in neighbouring regions, and we have also identified two spatial innovation regimes.","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"68 1","pages":"18-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67825069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zdařilá inovace standardní učebnice hospodářské politiky","authors":"Milan Žák, Petr Vymětal","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1257","url":null,"abstract":"Zhruba po šesti letech se vysokoškolským studentům dostává do rukou výrazně přepracovaná učebnice hospodářské politiky známé autorské dvojice Christiana Kliková, Igor Kotlán, tentokrát v doplněné verzi, a to nejen o autory, ale i v doplněném a rozšířeném textu. Zde vyniká na první pohled výrazná samostatná kapitola o sociální politice, která se svým způsobem i významem dostává i do názvu učebnice. I když se nejedná o učebnici zcela novou, oba hlavní autoři používají osvědčený základ z předchozích vydání, rozšířený o nová témata a problémy, je i nadále text určen spíše vysokoškolským studentům pokročilejší úrovně. Učebnice doznala několika změn, které nelze hodnotit jinak než jako posun dobrým směrem. Na kapitolách se kromě dvou hlavních autorů či editorů podílejí další čtyři autoři, kteří se odborně zabývají tématy, o nichž píší. Zároveň některé kapitoly doznaly výraznějšího rozšíření – ať už jde o stručné subkapitoly týkající se Evropské unie, sociální politiky, a zejména části, jež se snaží využít poznatky politologie pro hospodářskou politiku. Navíc, výrazně obohacující a zajímavé jsou rozšiřující části paradigmatického a metodologického zakotvení popisované problematiky – hospodářské politiky. To vše také znamenalo, že muselo dojít k určité změně struktury knihy a mnohdy také ke slučování a vypouštění kapitol. Podívejme se na ně podrobněji a připojme k nim též kritický komentář, jež se od recenzentů očekává. První kapitola je tou nejobsáhlejší a dá se říci, že představuje standardní instrumentárium hospodářské politiky, rozšířené o pohled na mezinárodní instituce a o problematiku Evropské unie (EU). I přes obsáhlost kapitoly by nebylo v případném dalším vydání na škodu možná ještě více rozšířit text o koordinační mechanismy víceúrovňového vládnutí, zejména v případě problematiky EU. Ocenit je naopak třeba snahu o rozšíření výkladu hospodářské politiky o politologické poznatky. Nepochybně je tento směr správný a recenzenti přístup kvitují s povděkem, přesto může být tato část pro studenty poněkud obtížná – uvedené problémy mají spíše povahu seznamů, typologií a členění bez nějakého hlubšího vysvětlování příčin, důsledků a implikací pro samotnou problematiku. Tato kapitola je velmi členitá a obsahuje, podle našeho názoru možná zbytečně, deset dále ještě členěných subkapitol, byť na druhé straně lze pochopit záměry autorů.","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"67 1","pages":"676-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43157044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Macroeconomic Aggregates of the Czech and Slovak Economies Using Var Models","authors":"Radmila Krkošková","doi":"10.18267/j.polek.1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1262","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling Macroeconomic Aggregates of the Czech and Slovak Economies Using VAR Models The aim of the paper is to analyse, model and compare selected macroeconomic variables of the Czech and Slovak economies and their dynamics using VAR models. This article shows an application of a selected model on real-time series of chosen macroeconomic indicators using four variables (R – interest rate, M – money supply (M2), P – price level (CPI), Y – GDP). We identify and test two long-run relationships. The following hypotheses have been confirmed: H1: a change in monetary aggregate affects a change in price level and a change in economic growth; H2: there is a causal relationship between GDP and M2; H3: there is a direct correlation between interest rates and the price level anticipated in the Fisher equation. The following methods are used: Granger causality, impulse response function, cointegration and error correction models. In the end, econometric models of macroeconomic time series are compared in the Czech and Slovak economies. The calculations used EViews software.","PeriodicalId":44220,"journal":{"name":"Politicka Ekonomie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67824736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}