Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00256-1
Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Aieta Michele, Leo Silvana, Domenico Bilancia, Rossella Di Trolio, Michela Rosaria Iuliucci, Concetta Ingenito, Roberta Rubino, Arianna Piscosquito, Michele Caraglia, Marianna Donnarumma, Ferdinando Costabile, Raffaele Conca, Marco Pisino, Angelo Vaia, Luca Scafuri, Antonio Verde, Carlo Buonerba
{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Cemiplimab Effectiveness in Elderly Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: Insights from a Real-Life Scenario.","authors":"Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Aieta Michele, Leo Silvana, Domenico Bilancia, Rossella Di Trolio, Michela Rosaria Iuliucci, Concetta Ingenito, Roberta Rubino, Arianna Piscosquito, Michele Caraglia, Marianna Donnarumma, Ferdinando Costabile, Raffaele Conca, Marco Pisino, Angelo Vaia, Luca Scafuri, Antonio Verde, Carlo Buonerba","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00256-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00256-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This retrospective study investigates the efficacy of cemiplimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the PD-1 receptor, in treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyzes data from 50 patients with SCC, focusing on various clinical parameters, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment history, disease status at the beginning of therapy, and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients who received at least one cycle of cemiplimab, 42% showed a clinical response. Adverse reactions were generally low, with the safety profile deemed excellent. During a median follow-up of 9.6 months, 17 patients experienced progression or death. Among these, 15 patients had died at the time of the analysis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire cohort was approximately 20.8 months, while median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Univariate Cox regression analysis for PFS showed that tumors in the arms and legs were associated with higher progression risk, while age above 65 years was not statistically significant. Distant metastasis exhibited a trend towards improved PFS. In terms of OS, distant metastasis was a significant predictor of reduced survival, while age above 65 years was not statistically significant. In a multivariate model, only the absence of distant metastasis remained significant, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 12.3 (95% confidence interval 1.3-112.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide valuable insights into the real-world effectiveness of cemiplimab in SCC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00251-6
Giulio Metro, Eleonora Gariazzo, Silvia Costabile, Sara Baglivo, Fausto Roila, Francesca Colamartini, Barbara Palumbo, Pietro Chiarini, Stefania Gori, Antonio Conti, Luca Marcomigni, Guido Bellezza, Gianluigi Lunardi
{"title":"Repotrectinib's Clinical Benefit and Its Brain Penetration in a Patient with Meningeal Carcinomatosis from G2032R-Mutated ROS-1 Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Giulio Metro, Eleonora Gariazzo, Silvia Costabile, Sara Baglivo, Fausto Roila, Francesca Colamartini, Barbara Palumbo, Pietro Chiarini, Stefania Gori, Antonio Conti, Luca Marcomigni, Guido Bellezza, Gianluigi Lunardi","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00251-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00251-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we report on a clinically significant response of meningeal carcinomatosis to repotrectinib in a woman with a heavily pretreated ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbored the concomitant solvent front G2032R mutation. Meningeal carcinomatosis has a higher incidence in oncogene addicted NSCLC due to increased life expectancy, yet no report has ever documented the activity of repotrectinib in this context. In line with its activity, we documented the presence of the drug at potentially active concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. Nevertheless, the short-lived response reported by our patient highlights the importance for novel ROS1-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to be specifically developed to be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00249-0
Heidi Ko, Rebecca A Previs, Kyle C Strickland, Jonathan Klein, Brian Caveney, Chiara Chiruzzi, Marcia Eisenberg, Eric A Severson, Shakti Ramkissoon, Kamal S Saini
{"title":"Is HER2-Low a New Clinical Entity or Merely a Biomarker for an Antibody Drug Conjugate?","authors":"Heidi Ko, Rebecca A Previs, Kyle C Strickland, Jonathan Klein, Brian Caveney, Chiara Chiruzzi, Marcia Eisenberg, Eric A Severson, Shakti Ramkissoon, Kamal S Saini","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00249-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00249-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00261-y
Gere S diZerega, Holly A Maulhardt, Shelagh J Verco, Alyson M Marin, Michael J Baltezor, Samantha A Mauro, Marc A Iacobucci
{"title":"Intratumoral Injection of Large Surface Area Microparticle Taxanes in Carcinomas Increases Immune Effector Cell Concentrations, Checkpoint Expression, and Synergy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.","authors":"Gere S diZerega, Holly A Maulhardt, Shelagh J Verco, Alyson M Marin, Michael J Baltezor, Samantha A Mauro, Marc A Iacobucci","doi":"10.1007/s40487-024-00261-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-024-00261-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes development of large surface area microparticle paclitaxel (LSAM-PTX) and docetaxel (LSAM-DTX) for local treatment of primary carcinomas with emphasis on immunomodulation. Intratumoral (IT) delivery of LSAM-PTX and LSAM-DTX provides continuous, therapeutic drug levels for several weeks. Preclinical studies and clinical trials reported a reduction in tumor volume (TV) and immunomodulation in primary tumor and peripheral blood with increases in innate and adaptive immune cells and decreases in suppressor cells. Increased levels of checkpoint expression of immune cells occurred in clinical trials of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LSAM-DTX) and unresectable localized pancreatic cancer (LSAM-PTX). TV reduction and increases in immune effector cells occurred following IT LSAM-DTX and IT LSAM-PTX together with anti-mCTLA-4 and anti-mPD-1, respectively. Synergistic benefits from combinatorial therapy in a 4T1-Luc breast cancer model included reduction of metastasis with IT LSAM-DTX + anti-mCTLA-4. IT LSAM-PTX and LSAM-DTX are tumoricidal, immune enhancing, and may improve solid tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors without additional systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"31-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00252-5
Francesco Pepe, Gianluca Russo, Alessandro Venuta, Claudia Scimone, Mariantonia Nacchio, Pasquale Pisapia, Gaia Goteri, Francesca Barbisan, Caterina Chiappetta, Angelina Pernazza, Domenico Campagna, Marco Giordano, Giuseppe Perrone, Giovanna Sabarese, Annalisa Altimari, Dario de Biase, Giovanni Tallini, Daniele Calistri, Elisa Chiadini, Laura Capelli, Alfredo Santinelli, Anna Elisa Gulini, Elisa Pierpaoli, Manuela Badiali, Stefania Murru, Riccardo Murgia, Elena Guerini Rocco, Konstantinos Venetis, Nicola Fusco, Denise Morotti, Andrea Gianatti, Daniela Furlan, Giulio Rossi, Laura Melocchi, Maria Russo, Caterina De Luca, Lucia Palumbo, Saverio Simonelli, Antonella Maffè, Paola Francia di Celle, Tiziana Venesio, Maria Scatolini, Enrico Grosso, Sara Orecchia, Matteo Fassan, Mariangela Balistreri, Elisabetta Zulato, Daniela Reghellin, Elena Lazzari, Maria Santacatterina, Maria Liliana Piredda, Manuela Riccardi, Licia Laurino, Elena Roz, Domenico Longo, Daniela Petronilla Romeo, Carmine Fazzari, Andrea Moreno-Manuel, Giuseppe Diego Puglia, Andrey D Prjibelski, Daria Shafranskaya, Luisella Righi, Angela Listì, Domenico Vitale, Antonino Iaccarino, Umberto Malapelle, Giancarlo Troncone
{"title":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Testing on Reference Specimens: An Italian Multicenter Experience.","authors":"Francesco Pepe, Gianluca Russo, Alessandro Venuta, Claudia Scimone, Mariantonia Nacchio, Pasquale Pisapia, Gaia Goteri, Francesca Barbisan, Caterina Chiappetta, Angelina Pernazza, Domenico Campagna, Marco Giordano, Giuseppe Perrone, Giovanna Sabarese, Annalisa Altimari, Dario de Biase, Giovanni Tallini, Daniele Calistri, Elisa Chiadini, Laura Capelli, Alfredo Santinelli, Anna Elisa Gulini, Elisa Pierpaoli, Manuela Badiali, Stefania Murru, Riccardo Murgia, Elena Guerini Rocco, Konstantinos Venetis, Nicola Fusco, Denise Morotti, Andrea Gianatti, Daniela Furlan, Giulio Rossi, Laura Melocchi, Maria Russo, Caterina De Luca, Lucia Palumbo, Saverio Simonelli, Antonella Maffè, Paola Francia di Celle, Tiziana Venesio, Maria Scatolini, Enrico Grosso, Sara Orecchia, Matteo Fassan, Mariangela Balistreri, Elisabetta Zulato, Daniela Reghellin, Elena Lazzari, Maria Santacatterina, Maria Liliana Piredda, Manuela Riccardi, Licia Laurino, Elena Roz, Domenico Longo, Daniela Petronilla Romeo, Carmine Fazzari, Andrea Moreno-Manuel, Giuseppe Diego Puglia, Andrey D Prjibelski, Daria Shafranskaya, Luisella Righi, Angela Listì, Domenico Vitale, Antonino Iaccarino, Umberto Malapelle, Giancarlo Troncone","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00252-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00252-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biomarker testing is mandatory for the clinical management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Myriads of technical platforms are now available for biomarker analysis with differences in terms of multiplexing capability, analytical sensitivity, and turnaround time (TAT). We evaluated the technical performance of the diagnostic workflows of 24 representative Italian institutions performing molecular tests on a series of artificial reference specimens built to mimic routine diagnostic samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sample sets of eight slides from cell blocks of artificial reference specimens harboring exon 19 EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) p.E746_AT50del, exon 2 KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) p.G12C, ROS1 (c-ros oncogene 1)-unknown gene fusion, and MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) Δ exon 14 skipping were distributed to each participating institution. Two independent cell block specimens were validated by the University of Naples Federico II before shipment. Methodological and molecular data from reference specimens were annotated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, a median DNA concentration of 3.3 ng/µL (range 0.1-10.0 ng/µL) and 13.4 ng/µL (range 2.0-45.8 ng/µL) were obtained with automated and manual technical procedures, respectively. RNA concentrations of 5.7 ng/µL (range 0.2-11.9 ng/µL) and 9.3 ng/µL (range 0.5-18.0 ng/µL) were also detected. KRAS exon 2 p.G12C, EGFR exon 19 p.E736_A750del hotspot mutations, and ROS1 aberrant transcripts were identified in all tested cases, whereas 15 out of 16 (93.7%) centers detected MET exon 14 skipping mutation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Optimized technical workflows are crucial in the decision-making strategy of patients with NSCLC. Artificial reference specimens enable optimization of diagnostic workflows for predictive molecular analysis in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"73-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00263-w
Gerardo Hermida, Rodolfo Alvarez-Nuño, Jesús San Miguel-Izquierdo, Santiago González-Quijada, Tomás José González-López
{"title":"Long Term Remission of Capillary Leak Syndrome Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy with Progression to Multiple Myeloma After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: a Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Gerardo Hermida, Rodolfo Alvarez-Nuño, Jesús San Miguel-Izquierdo, Santiago González-Quijada, Tomás José González-López","doi":"10.1007/s40487-024-00263-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-024-00263-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clarkson's disease is a very rare entity characterised by acute episodes of systemic oedema and severe hypotension associated with paraproteinaemia. Its classical treatment relies on methylxanthine combined with terbutaline. Although this prophylactic therapy reduces the mortality rate, relapses are frequent. Eighty percent of patients with Clarkson's disease present with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). The risk of progression to multiple myeloma is 1% per year.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>Here, we present a 49-year-old woman who suffered multiple such episodes requiring treatment in the intensive care unit. Treatment with terbutaline and theophylline was ineffective. She was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) 8 years after the first of these acute episodes. Antimyeloma treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone was started, followed by autologous haemopoietic transplantation, with no further acute episodes since then.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case is, to our knowledge, unique because eradication of MM was followed by complete disappearance of acute episodes of capillary leakage. Our case report is also the first to support the use of bortezomib and dexamethasone in this setting. Furthermore, autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation consolidated the MM stringent complete remission achieving a very long progression-free survival (> 11 years) of both MM and Clarkson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"183-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00259-y
Umut Yılmaz, Selin Küçükyurt, Muhlis Cem Ar, Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
{"title":"Acute Thrombocytopenia Complicating the Initial Administration of Obinutuzumab: Is It More Frequent Than We Think?","authors":"Umut Yılmaz, Selin Küçükyurt, Muhlis Cem Ar, Ahmet Emre Eşkazan","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00259-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00259-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thrombocytopenia has been reported more frequently with obinutuzumab in clinical trials where it was directly compared with rituximab. However, more significant than the frequency, a unique form of severe thrombocytopenia manifesting very early after the first obinutuzumab infusion has been published in case reports. To further explore this subject, we went through the records of our clinic to identify similar cases of obinutuzumab-induced acute thrombocytopenia (OIAT). Among 24 patients who received obinutuzumab outside of clinical trials, we recovered three cases with OIAT. This paper describes these three cases in detail, placing emphasis on the timing, severity, and the clinical course. Notably, all three patients developed severe OIAT within 5 days of their first obinutuzumab exposure, responded well to transfusion, and recovered within a few days without severe bleeding. None of the patients experienced a similar event in the second course of the obinutuzumab-based therapy. Our observations suggest that OIAT may be a frequent, possibly non-relapsing, and unique event that deserves more attention than it currently receives.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-27DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00257-0
Reyes Bernabé, Stephen V Liu, Amparo Sánchez-Gastaldo, Miriam Alonso García
{"title":"Long-Term Survival and Stable Disease in a Patient with Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Treatment with Carboplatin, Etoposide and Atezolizumab.","authors":"Reyes Bernabé, Stephen V Liu, Amparo Sánchez-Gastaldo, Miriam Alonso García","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00257-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00257-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Survival beyond 2 years is rare in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) treated with chemotherapy alone. We describe a patient with ES-SCLC who was treated with carboplatin, etoposide and the programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor atezolizumab in the IMpower133 study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02763579) and who achieved exceptionally long-term survival. Treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC (n = 403) were included in the IMpower133 study, and the identified patient had been randomised to the investigational treatment arm, where patients received induction therapy with carboplatin and etoposide plus atezolizumab for four 21-day cycles, followed by ongoing maintenance therapy with atezolizumab. The patient had achieved a partial response after induction therapy, and then received seven cycles of atezolizumab maintenance therapy until immune-related toxicities necessitated discontinuation. The patient was alive with an ongoing response and excellent performance status more than 6 years after starting treatment and 5 years after discontinuing atezolizumab maintenance. In conclusion, this patient with ES-SCLC from the IMpower133 study is a rare example of ongoing survival more than 6 years beyond diagnosis and the start of treatment with first-line atezolizumab. This demonstrates the potential durability of response with immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00262-x
Xavier Thomas
{"title":"Small Molecule Menin Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Agents Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia with KMT2A Rearrangement or NPM1 Mutation.","authors":"Xavier Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s40487-024-00262-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-024-00262-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances have included insights into the clinical value of genomic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and consequently the development of numerous targeted therapeutic agents that have improved clinical outcome. In this setting, various clinical trials have recently explored novel therapeutic agents either used alone or in combination with intensive chemotherapy or low-intensity treatments. Among them, menin inhibitors could represent a novel group of targeted therapies in AML driven by rearrangement of the lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) gene, previously known as mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), or by mutation of the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene. Recent phase 1/2 clinical trials confirmed the efficacy of SNDX-5613 (revumenib) and KO-539 (ziftomenib) and their acceptable tolerability. Several small molecule menin inhibitors are currently being evaluated as a combination therapy with standard of care treatments. The current paper reviews the recent progress in exploring the inhibitors of menin-KMT2A interactions and their application prospects in the treatment of acute leukemias.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"57-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncology and TherapyPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00248-1
Zodwa Dlamini, Thulo Molefi, Richard Khanyile, Mahlori Mkhabele, Botle Damane, Alexandre Kokoua, Meshack Bida, Kamal S Saini, Nkhensani Chauke-Malinga, Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel Luvhengo, Rodney Hull
{"title":"From Incidence to Intervention: A Comprehensive Look at Breast Cancer in South Africa.","authors":"Zodwa Dlamini, Thulo Molefi, Richard Khanyile, Mahlori Mkhabele, Botle Damane, Alexandre Kokoua, Meshack Bida, Kamal S Saini, Nkhensani Chauke-Malinga, Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel Luvhengo, Rodney Hull","doi":"10.1007/s40487-023-00248-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40487-023-00248-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formidable impact of breast cancer extends globally, with South Africa facing pronounced challenges, including significant disparities in breast cancer screening, treatment and survival along ethnic and socioeconomic lines. Over the last two decades, breast cancer incidence has increased and now accounts for a substantial portion of cancers in women. Ethnic disparities in terms of screening, incidence and survival exacerbate the issue, leading to delayed diagnosis among Black patients and highlighting healthcare inequities. These concerning trends underscore the urgency of enhancing breast cancer screening while mitigating treatment delays, although obstacles within the healthcare system impede progress. The intersection of breast cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) further complicates matters and particularly affects the Black population. Tackling the aforementioned disparities in breast cancer in South Africa mandates a multifaceted strategy. Robust screening efforts, particularly those targeting marginalised communities, are crucial for early detection. Concurrently, expedited treatment initiation is imperative. Addressing HIV-related complexities requires tailored interventions to ensure effective care. These multifaceted disparities require pan African research and cooperation as well as tailored interventions to enhance breast cancer care within the African region.</p>","PeriodicalId":44205,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}