IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Flaying the sheep: the 1657 assessment tax and the problems of government in Cromwellian Ireland","authors":"P. Little","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The assessment tax on land, which paid the occupying army, increased steadily during the 1650s, and soon out-stripped the capacity of the Irish economy, slowly recovering from over a decade of war. Matters came to a head in 1657, when there were efforts by Irish M.P.s at Westminster to reduce the rate, and also pressure from Protestant landowners on the Dublin government to change the way in which the tax was administered. These initiatives brought together landowners from very different backgrounds and from all four provinces, in a coordinated campaign of lobbying which achieved considerable gains in Dublin but was less successful in London. This article uses new evidence to explore the problems endemic within the assessment system, the way in which influence could be brought to bear, and the difficulties encountered by those trying to change policies imposed from across the Irish Sea.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44510151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donegal: the Irish Revolution, 1912–23. By Pauric Travers. Pp 183. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2022. € 24.95.","authors":"Patrick Mulroe","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"Roberts available at the Dublin City Library and Archives). In July 1916, Drury contracted malaria. For an entire year, he was away from his battalion, returning to Salonika in July 1917, shortly before his unit was ordered to move to Egypt and Palestine (chapter 7). British strategies sought to capture Jerusalem, split the Ottoman Empire and expand Britain’s control over the Middle East. Though they did not participate in the capture of Jerusalem, the 6 Royal Dublin Fusiliers spent four months in the region and marvelled at the landscape of exceptional beauty. Only in December 1917 did they get involved in the defence the Holy City from a Turkish counter-attack (chapter 8), before being sent to France in September 1918 (chapter 9). Quite surprisingly, the armistice (chapter 10) did not meet with any degree of enthusiasm; Drury and his men would have liked nothing more than to ‘get the dirty hounds with the bayonet’ (p. 289). Here, it is worth wondering if battalions less engaged in combat held on to a strong desire to keep fighting. Did little exposure to violence suffice to explain that enthusiasm? Was revenge powerful enough to breed such feeling? Or were these few lines added several years after the conflict had ended? Drury’s loyalty unconditionally lay with the British Empire, as did that of many serving Irishmen at the time. In pondering the motivations of men for enlisting, Drury opined that ‘shame must have been the deciding factor: how could one stay behind when every letter, every article in the papers, every dispatch, called urgently for help for ourmen in France, apparently with their backs to the wall’ (p. 27). This interpretation of volunteering is intriguing; it is not something academics have written about and something which deserves fuller attention. With this additional volume, Grayson not only gives a voice to a Protestant Irishman, but he also tells the academic world, and the public at large, about the sacrifice of all the Irish soldiers and officers who volunteered during the First World War. Grayson’s research at large is of vital importance, even so today. Recently, the Republic of Ireland has participated in centenary commemorations and honoured the memory of all the Irish who had fallen during the conflict. But a resurgence of vivid resentment coupled with contemporary politics has tarnished the all-inclusive spirit advocated by PresidentMichael D. Higgins. On 4 November 2022, the headquarters of the Royal British Legion in Dublin was vandalised by a selfproclaimed group of anti-imperialists. Drury would have no doubt have voiced his disgust at such action, seeing in this act some memorial terrorism spurred by hatred and ignorance. The making of any collective national memory will always be compounded by historical distortions and fabricated myths. And even today, it is much easier to assert that a handful of badly organised rebels liberated the country rather than recognising that 210,000 Irishmen risked their lives f","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Doctors for export’: medical migration from Ireland c.1860 to 1960. By Greta Jones. Pp 248. Schöningh: Brill. 2021. €119.","authors":"Ruth Duffy","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Greta Jones’s ‘Doctors for export’ provides the first comprehensive study of Irish medical migration across the hundred-year period from 1860 to 1960. The study is based on an impressive sample of 4,254 migrant doctors, with information gathered from six of the seven Irish medical schools’ lists of graduates for every five years across the period. Migration as a phenomenon has occurred throughout history but has only been a topic for in-depth study in more recent times. Additionally, historians of medicine are now recognising the importance of studying different types of migration as well as the migration of healthcare workers. Of course, Ireland was not the only country participating in medical emigration, but as Jones argues persuasively the use of Ireland as a case study can ‘contribute to understanding the nature of the phenomenon as a whole’. Through this book Jones seeks to uncover the costs and benefits of migration for both the doctors themselves and Ireland in terms of the impact on class, culture, and education. Her study builds on previous works, such as that of Marguerite Dupree and Anne Crowther, who investigated the experiences of undergraduate medical students in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Jones admits that she drew inspiration from Dupree and Crowther’s book, Medical lives in the age of surgical revolution, for some of the methods and sources used in her book, but ‘Doctors for export’ offers a much larger scale study and over a longer time period. This book, based on an impressive sample of doctors, follows the flow of emigration, mostly to Britain and its empire, but also further afield. The book maps key themes of Irish medical migration through these hundred years, looking at the options and opportunities available to doctors who remained in Ireland and leading on to the factors that might have pushed medical graduates to seek work elsewhere. Jones investigates the role of medical education in the establishment and continuation of the Irish middle class. Considering the importance for families to send their sons (or later daughters) to medical school and the impact of this on the family’s fortunes and social standing, this book offers a new angle on the study of class in Ireland. Additionally, Jones includes an interesting exploration of the impact of partition on medicine, both north and south of the border, comparing experiences and considering the impact of politics on medical education. Finally, there is an examination of the immigration of doctors into Ireland, considering a different but equally interesting angle to medical migration. Jones reflects on how, while still being a significant exporter of doctors, Ireland did not have enough doctors to meet the needs of its own population. She looks at why this was the case and what attempts were made to mitigate the effects of the departure of medical professionals. Overall, Jones concludes that around 40 per cent of Irish medical graduates emigrated to work outside Ireland and t","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46763486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kilmichael: the life and afterlife of an ambush. By Eve Morrison. Pp 292. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. 2022. €19.95.","authors":"J. O'Callaghan","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41292309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ireland and the Crusades. Edited by Edward Coleman, Paul Duffy and Tadhg O'Keeffe. Pp 256. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2022. €55.","authors":"Brendan Smith","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlords, underlords and landlords: negotiating land and lordship in plantation Munster","authors":"M. K. Smith","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the legal strategies of negotiation employed by Gaelic lords in early modern Munster through a case study of the O'Driscoll lordship of Collymore, County Cork. The late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries produced an environment of intense legal contestation, as indigenous legal practices and hierarchies were methodically attacked by the colonial administration. But, as English administrators attempted to eradicate Irish legal precedent (and with it the legitimacy of the Gaelic aristocracy), Gaelic lords responded with new and often innovative legal strategies. The territory of Collymore presents a microcosm of the legal tensions produced by and under the Munster plantation, subject to competing claims by rival O'Driscoll heirs, MacCarthy Reagh overlords, ‘Old English’ neighbours and incoming planters. This article offers a reconstruction and analysis of the complex legal disputes surrounding Collymore. It argues that through otherwise routine legal interactions like inheritance disputes and chancery suits, Irish lords reframed their authority in the vocabulary of English law, trading tanistry for primogeniture and the language of overlordship for that of landlordship. Through these rhetorical and theoretical shifts, they attempted to redefine the very basis and nature of their authority.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45122496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ireland's English Pale, 1470–1550. By Steven G. Ellis. Pp 200. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 2021. £75.","authors":"Henry A. Jefferies","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"guing study by Catherine Swift of the appearance of the surname ‘Palmer’ in early thirteenthcentury Dublin records could be usefully developed into a more substantial project. Paul Duffy’s analysis of the possible existence of a cult of Simon de Montfort in medieval Meath is stimulating, while Ciarán McDonnell traces Geoffrey de Genenville’s crusader credentials. Was the crusade preached in Ireland with the same frequency as it was in England? Can any useful comparisons with respect to Irish attitudes to the Crusades be made from consideration of Archbishop Baldwin’s successful crusade precaching tour in Wales in the late 1180s, as detailed by Gerald of Wales? Was the Irish financial system altered by the need to raise cash for Richard I’s ransom in the early 1190s as he returned from crusade? What sums were raised for crusading in medieval Ireland? These rather obvious questions are not raised in a volume which advances understanding of its subject incrementally but which eschews setting a new and much needed agenda for research.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IHS volume 47 issue 171 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43761191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lacuna in Irish historiography: the Irish peregrini from Eoin MacNeill to The Cambridge history of Ireland and beyond","authors":"Alexander O’Hara","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article highlights some of the historiographical trends over the past one hundred years in how the Irish diaspora in early medieval Europe has been studied. The role of the peregrini, the Irish monastic exiles who left Ireland for Britain and continental Europe from the sixth century onwards, has to some extent been marginal and tangential to the historiography of this island. Forms of modern ‘Irophobia’ in some scholarship have also led to an obfuscation of the early medieval religious and ethnic landscape by seeking to minimise Irish cultural influence. The article argues that by contextualising the phenomenon of Irish clerical exile in Europe within broader theological and comparative frameworks, further research in this field has the potential to clarify the influence of the Irish and to show how the experience of exile contributed to the formation of both Irish and European identities in the middle ages.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47744518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The political thought of the Irish Revolution. Edited by Richard Bourke and Niamh Gallagher. Pp 389. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022. £22.99.","authors":"Seán Donnelly","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42716886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}