Studies in History最新文献_第2页

Self-Fashioning of a Hindu Political Sanyasi: Muscular Asceticism and Sectarian Freedom in Swami Satyadev Parivrajak’s Autobiography 印度政治散雅西的自我塑造:斯瓦米·萨提亚德夫·帕里夫拉贾克自传中的肌肉苦行主义和宗派自由

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231162267

Charu Gupta

引用次数: 0

Book review: Michael Mann, A British Rome In India: Calcutta – Capital For An Empire 书评:迈克尔·曼，《英属罗马在印度:加尔各答——帝国的首都》

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231162273

S. Chaudhuri

引用次数: 0

Book review: Sebastian Schwecke, Debt, Trust, and Reputation: Extra-legal Finance in Northern India 书评:《债务、信托与声誉:印度北部的法外金融》

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231162268

Tirthankar Roy

引用次数: 1

New Diseases, Newer Categories: Ayurveda’s Engagement with Epidemics in Travancore 新疾病，新类别:阿育吠陀与特拉凡科流行病的接触

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231183508

Burton Cleetus

{"title":"New Diseases, Newer Categories: Ayurveda’s Engagement with Epidemics in Travancore","authors":"Burton Cleetus","doi":"10.1177/02576430231183508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02576430231183508","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of Western modernity in India, as a by-product of British colonialism, brought about considerable strain within Indian medical traditions. Indigenous medical traditions which were operating within the broad humoral theory of disease causation came to be subjected to the logic of biomedicine. By the late nineteenth century, as the British in India consolidated their state systems and the princely states modelled their administrative structures in accordance with the British state, there was an increased acceptance of biomedical standards against indigenous medical norms. This was further accentuated by the fear of epidemics, which suggested that diseases spread from person to person and could affect large geographic areas bringing death and suffering in its wake. Disease control and management had, therefore, become a major concern for both the state systems in the British presidencies and in the princely states. The prevalence of contagious diseases offered a challenge to reorganize the public health systems of the states, yet they also provided an opportunity to legitimize state sovereignty over the bodies of its subjects. Diseases that were previously seen as localized and situated within culturally specific locales were now increasingly subjected to the governing mechanisms of the state. This paper examines how the medical bureaucratization of Travancore, in the south-western part of the Indian subcontinent, affected local healthcare traditions in the face of expanding fear of epidemics, ultimately led to the reshaping of indigenous medical systems.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"6 1","pages":"71 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80251107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smallpox Under the Raj: Resistance Policies and the Indigenous Response in Colonial Malabar, 1800–1900 殖民统治下的天花:抵抗政策和马拉巴尔殖民地的土著反应，1800-1900

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231183518

Satheesh Palanki

{"title":"Smallpox Under the Raj: Resistance Policies and the Indigenous Response in Colonial Malabar, 1800–1900","authors":"Satheesh Palanki","doi":"10.1177/02576430231183518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02576430231183518","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores British efforts to combat smallpox in Malabar from 1800 to 1900 ce. Despite intense efforts, smallpox persisted due to fractured state policies, native resistance and public apathy. Epidemics such as smallpox, cholera, malaria and fevers posed serious threats to British colonial efforts in the Indian subcontinent, hindering colonial expansion. Smallpox, in particular, was prevalent throughout much of the region, including South India, for centuries. In Malabar, which was part of the Madras Presidency, the prevalence of smallpox presented significant challenges to the British during their colonial expedition, lasting well into the twentieth century. To sustain their rule, the British were compelled to implement several policies to combat the epidemic. British Malabar, one of the districts of Madras Presidency located on India’s western coast, had been rocked by the persistence of contagious diseases in the region. 1 Smallpox caused millions of deaths and was considered one of the most severe and virulent of the diseases, responsible for more victims than all other diseases combined. Survivors often experienced disfigurement, therefore, it held a unique place in Indian and British attitudes towards disease, treatment and prevention. 2 It was intertwined with religious beliefs and rituals. However, scholarly works on smallpox are limited in Malabar during the British colonial period. 3 Vaccination was considered the most benevolent part of the European medicine under the civilizing mission in India.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"22 1","pages":"51 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88541772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enlivening Gandhi and Sanitary Nationalism: Transmuting Health into Materialization of Swaraj 激活甘地和卫生民族主义:将健康转化为斯瓦拉杰的物质化

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231183509

Apalak Das

{"title":"Enlivening Gandhi and Sanitary Nationalism: Transmuting Health into Materialization of Swaraj","authors":"Apalak Das","doi":"10.1177/02576430231183509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02576430231183509","url":null,"abstract":"Health defines the nation—since the nineteenth century, the liberal democratic states in the West had been compulsive about the nation’s health, albeit, at the same time, they were much repulsive towards the health of the colonies, except the white enclaves where sanitary improvement was prioritized more than that of native towns. It was only after the germination of germ theory that colonial states took the health of the ‘colonized’ into account on a serious note. Nevertheless, these whirling ideas, debates, approaches and colonial encounters regarding health and hygiene shaped Gandhi’s perception on body, sanitation and nationalism. The Gandhian way of equating Swaraj with the cleanliness of mind, body and soul, i.e., ‘Constructive Programme’, was in contrast to the ‘Obstructive Programme’ like civil disobedience. To Gandhi, a nation could truly attain Swaraj by cleansing the self and the ‘others’. The bodies, previously ‘colonized’, were now ‘nationalized’ through the Constructive Programme and health directives. This article seeks to explore those Gandhian narratives on sanitation and health and the way in which the notion of Swaraj was enmeshed with the emerging health education.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"57 1","pages":"85 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84034823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Medical Tourism Transcultural Hypogamy? 医疗旅游是跨文化的一夫多妻制吗?

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231184534

Harish Naraindas

{"title":"Is Medical Tourism Transcultural Hypogamy?","authors":"Harish Naraindas","doi":"10.1177/02576430231184534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02576430231184534","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to make a set of interrelated arguments. It claims that the epithet ‘medical tourism’, which is of recent provenance, tacitly subscribes to a particular and narrow understanding of ‘medicine’, namely, the Anglo-American variant of biomedicine. This variant, unlike its Continental European counterpart, does not countenance the spa (Kur, Kuur, Termas, etc.) as ‘medical’ therapy, a therapy that is part of orthodox biomedicine on the continent, albeit on its fringe and one where pleasure and therapy often coexist. The Anglo-American variant leads to an exclusive focus on what may be called organ-based therapy with an emphasis on surgical and technological intervention, where uninsured and under-insured ‘middle-class’ patients travel from the White world to wog-land. This is a reversal of older forms of medical travel where rich wogs travelled from wog-land to the White world for medical treatment. The reversal results in a binary of White vampires and wog victims and is responsible, in part, for the moral tension of the oxymoron called ‘medical tourism’, with the other part of the oxymoron being constituted by the contradiction between pleasure and therapy. The vampire-victim binary in turn often mutes the mediating virtuosos— doctors, hospitals, medical travel operators, firms, companies, websites and most importantly, medical expertise and technology—in the analytical and explanatory canvas. In light of this, the article not only suggests that the epithet ‘medical tourism’ requires careful scrutiny and needs to be situated as part of a longer genealogy and larger canvas to include all kinds of transnational, transcultural and transregional medical travel, but it also makes a plea for re-examining the kind of morality play that the epithet engenders by asking, among other things, if vampires could also be victims, and what happens to this binary when the biomedical fringe (the Continental spa/Kur/Kuur/Termas) and alternative systems of medicine (e.g., Ayurveda and host of other therapies) are brought into play, or when doctors and therapists undertake travel for medical/therapeutic expertise.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"22 1","pages":"109 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85055117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hospitality of Ghosts: Remembering Epidemics in Modern Bengal, c. 1880–1980 鬼魂的好客:忆起现代孟加拉的流行病，约1880-1980

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231183507

P. Mukharji

{"title":"The Hospitality of Ghosts: Remembering Epidemics in Modern Bengal, c. 1880–1980","authors":"P. Mukharji","doi":"10.1177/02576430231183507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02576430231183507","url":null,"abstract":"Memory studies have long demonstrated the need to critically assess the way societies remember significant, and particularly traumatic, events. The overwhelming focus of these studies has been on conquests, political riots, wars and holocausts. Very little account has been taken of the way epidemics are remembered. Yet, epidemics produce similar social disruptions and anxieties about the future as the varied episodes of political violence. Societies need to grapple with loss of life, grief, insecurity and their own reproduction through the stabilization of mnemonic frames. One of the most potent forms of social memory is engendered in ghost lore. In this article, I track one set of such ghost stories circulating in Bengal in the wake of the ravages of cholera and malaria in the late nineteenth century. By tracking the reframing of these stories, I show how the meanings and values conveyed through them changed over nearly a century. I argue that since the very basis and structure of the social collective invoked and reflected in these stories changed in the period, it is better to think of the collectives as multiple spectral communities sharing the same historical trauma rather than a single, unchanging society. Finally, I urge historians to rethink when epidemics end by paying greater attention to their long mnemonic and social afterlives that continue to unfold long after the cessation of the biological events.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"28 1","pages":"29 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72823663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards an Iconography of Disease: Exploring the Gendered Worlds of the Goddesses of Epidemics 走向疾病的图像:探索流行病女神的性别世界

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430231184535

M. Binny

引用次数: 1

Book review: Radhika Singha, The Coolie’s Great War: Indian Labour in a Global Conflict, 1914–1921 书评:Radhika Singha，《苦力的大战:全球冲突中的印度劳工，1914-1921》

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Studies in History Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/02576430221120322

S. Raghavan

引用次数: 0