MARINERS MIRROR最新文献

{"title":"The Myth of HMS <i>Minden</i> and ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’: Where did it originate?","authors":"Larrie D. Ferreiro","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260252","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 See, for example: King, The World of Patrick O’Brian, appendix; Murphey and Stapleton, A History of Asia, 439; Rose, Between Boston and Bombay, 130. The Times of India ran a story on 9 Sep. 2018, titled ‘What ties The Star-Spangled Banner to Bombay’s dockyard’. Even the Marine Museum in Raigad near Mumbai, and the American Museum of the GI in College Station, Texas, repeat this myth in their exhibits.2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_ Minden_(1810), accessed July 2023. A few blogs and articles on the internet claim that Minden saw service during the War of 1812 in the Chesapeake Bay and that Francis Scott Key was aboard when he wrote ‘Defense of Fort M’Henry’, which became the lyrics for ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’.3 Davies and Mudie, HMS Trincomalee: Frigate 1817, 17.4 The career of Minden is from Winfield, British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817, 77. My thanks to Rif for his assistance.5 Carey (ed.), The British in Java, 510.6 Williams, A Year in China, 346.7 Library of Congress: Abraham Lincoln papers, Series 1, General Correspondence, 1833– 1916: William C. Noyes to Abraham Lincoln, 3 Jan. 1863, https://www.loc.gov/resource/mal.2093800/?st=gallery accessed July 20238 Items supposedly from HMS Minden showed up in two auctions held in Maine in 2001 and 2002. The first listed a desk with a tag that read ‘China trade davenport desk in oak of HMS Minden upon which Star-Spangled Banner was written’. The provenance stated that the davenport was bought in Hong Kong in 1858 by Caleb T. Smith (head of an American merchant firm in China). Pennington, ‘Spring Sale in Thomaston’, 14E-15E. The second listed a framed mirror with an eagle crest, having a tag stating that it was made in Hong Kong ‘from the wood of the ship Minden, on board of which was written the Star-Spangled Banner’. Sisco, ‘The Nancy Prince Collection’, 46B-47B.9 Lossing, The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812, 956–7.10 Eshelman and Sheads, Chesapeake Legends and Lore from the War of 1812, 72–4.11 Giles, ‘Francis Scott Key’s Truce Ship’, 4–5.","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Old Cannon to Iron Pigs: The introduction of Kentledge ballast in the early modern French navy","authors":"Emmanuel Nantet, Guillaume Martins","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260249","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe introduction of iron pigs, or kentledge, was a significant change in the ballasting of warships that heavily impacted early modern naval logistics. A close examination of printed sources and excavation reports of seven shipwrecks demonstrates the French navy’s progressive adaptation of kentledge as ballast around 1759 to 1830. Following British use, iron pigs replaced old cannon and round shot. This change in ballasting practices greatly facilitated naval logistics. Allowing for easy stowage and tessellation in the hold of military ships, the French implementation of kentledge heralded harbour modernization at a time of growing industrialization.Key words: reused cannoniron ballasttechnology transferFrench navyharbour logisticssailing skills AcknowledgementsWe wish to express our gratitude to Dr Dana Katz for her proofreading and her suggestions. We thank Professor Eric Rieth for his valuable comments. We received great encouragement from Professor Martin Galinier, director of the APPM program and director of Centre de Recherches sur les Sociétés et Environnements en Méditerranées (CRESEM, EA 7397, University of Perpignan Via Domitia). We extend our gratitude as well to the anonymous reviewers, whose comments have greatly improved the text. We thank the excavation directors who granted us access to their unpublished data, especially Jean-Michel Eriau, Jean-Sébastien Guibert, André Lorin, Benjamin Pepy, Élisabeth Veyrat, and Pierre Villié. Access to the unpublished excavations archives of the shipwrecks found in France was facilitated by the DRASSM (Department of Underwater Archaeological Research), which we wish to thank as well. We express our sincere gratitude to Dr Ingrid Dunyach for the CAD drawings of the hull plans.Notes1 Villié, ‘La Girafe’.2 Pritchard, Louis XV’s Navy (1748–1762).3 Lavery, The Arming and Fitting, 186–92; King, ‘Iron Ballast’.4 Nantet, ‘Les activités de lestage’; Nantet, Phortia, 201–5.5 Martins and Nantet, ‘Le lest’. See also other articles from the same issue of the journal.6 McGrail, ‘The Shipment of Traded Goods’; Nantet, Phortia, 201–20; Gifford, ‘Everything is Ballast’.7 Villié, ‘La Girafe’.8 Martin, ‘The Dartmouth’, 5–7; L’Hour and Veyrat, ‘Enquête archéologique’, 280–90.9 Van Doorninck, ‘Ballast Distribution’.10 Guérout et al., Le navire génois, 153–4.11 Dobbs, ‘The Ballast’.12 Ringer, ‘Arrimage et lestage’, 211–22.13 Keith et al., ‘The Molasses Reef Wreck’, 48–51; Keith and Simmons, ‘Analysis of Hull Remains’, 413–8; Lamb et al., ‘Analysis of the Ballast’.14 Martinsson, ‘Det fossilförande barlastmaterialet’. The ballast found in numerous Scandinavian shipwrecks was made up of boulders and rocks, perhaps due to a different geological context from France and Britain. Burström, Ballast.15 Callahan et al., ‘Ballast Stone’.16 Lazareth, ‘Pierres de lest’, 303–30, 359–68.17 Burström, Ballast, 27–38.18 Samuels, ‘Metallography of the Ballast’, 74–6, fig. 51–55; Samuels, ‘The Metallography of Cast Iron Relics’.1","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Petrol Navy: British, American and other motor boats at war 1914–1920 <i>The Petrol Navy: British, American and other motor boats at war 1914–1920</i> , by S. R. Dunn, Seaforth Publishing, 2023, £25 (hb), 320 pages, illustrations, ISBN 9781399062855","authors":"David Bowen","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The U-Boat War: A global history, 1939–45 <i>The U-Boat War: A global history, 1939–45</i> , by L. Paterson, Osprey Publishing, 2022, £25/$35 (hb), 366 pages, illustrations, bibliography, index, ISBN 9781472848252","authors":"Eric C. Rust","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Jacobean Draught of an 18-gun Ship in the Danish National Archives Drawn by Phineas Pett","authors":"Mark Porter","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260248","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article discusses an early seventeenth-century draught of an 18-gun ship, which the author believes was drawn by Phineas Pett himself. This is based on handwriting comparisons, dating evidence within the draught, dimensions and armament of the ship possibly portrayed, and a possible explanation of why an English draught is now in the Danish archives.Key words: Phineas Pettseventeenth-century draughtearly ship’s draughtEnglish warshipPhoenix18 gunsrace-builtship designChatham dockyardJames VI and IPrince Henry AcknowledgementsI acknowledge with gratitude the assistance of the late Frank Fox, and Richard Endsor, who answered various queries and made observations on the draught. Richard Barker has also commented upon the draught, and all three have read through a draft of this article and made helpful comments thereon. I am also grateful to the anonymous referees who commented on the article, and to the editor who assisted with the sections dealing with the Danish history of the draught. However, any remaining errors are entirely my own. Richard Endsor and David Antscherl have also enhanced the original image of the draught to provide a more usable version, and my thanks are due to them on this score.Notes1 Rigsarkivet, Copenhagen (hereafter RA), Søetatens Kort- og Tegningssamling, Designation G No. 58682 Dating years follow new style, with years beginning 1 Jan.3 Bjerg, ‘Søetatens kort- og tegningssamling’, 226.4 Bjerg, ‘A Royal Yacht’, 94–6.5 Gardiner, R. ‘The Danish Navy Plans Collection’, 65.6 Howard, Sailing Ships of War, pl. 252.7 Probst, ‘Nordeuropæisk spanteopslagning’, 23–4.8 Although the standard convention seems to have been to draw a ship sailing to the right, there is at least one other plan in the Danish archive that shows a ship sailing to the left, the Hannibal (1664); RA, Søetatens Kort- og Tegningssamling, Des. A. No.931.9 The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, inventory numbers: ЭРР-5541; ЭРР-5542; ЭРР- 5543; Frank Fox, pers. comm.; Perrin (ed.), The Autobiography of Phineas Pett, 75–6.10 RA, Søetatens Kort- og Tegningssamling, Des. E. Nos 1-9. Bellamy, ‘David Balfour’, 5–22.11 Even in the 1630s some doubt existed as to whether Baker’s rule was taken within or without the planking, and perhaps to the underside of the keel. The National Archives, Kew (hereafter TNA): SP, 16/230/104.12 See Rodger, ‘The development of Broadside Gunnery’ for further discussion.13 Probst, ‘Nordeuropæisk spanteopslagning’, 24.14 At that time the term ‘model’ could refer to both a three-dimensional model or a two-dimensional model, i.e. a plan. However, Pett in his autobiography only uses ‘model’ to describe a built, three-dimensional model, using ‘plat’ to refer to a draught.15 British Library (hereafter BL): Add MS 9298. Note that the copy which survives in the British Library as Harleian MS 6279 contains many errors of transcription and should not be relied upon.16 TNA: SP 16/37/37.17 Bellamy, ‘David Balfour’, 5–22.18 Ibid. RA, Søetat","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boatlines: Scottish craft of sea, coast and canal <i>Boatlines: Scottish craft of sea, coast and canal</i> , by I. Stephen, Birlinn Ltd, 2023, £16.99 (hb), 320 pages, illustrations., ISBN 9781780277905","authors":"Marc Chivers","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260260","url":null,"abstract":"\"Boatlines: Scottish craft of sea, coast and canal.\" The Mariner's Mirror, 109(4), pp. 501–502","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tsushima, Japan’s Trafalgar: The voyage of the condemned fleet to the Straits of Korea <i>Tsushima, Japan’s Trafalgar: The voyage of the condemned fleet to the Straits of Korea</i> , by P. Thorne, Matador, 2022, £45 (hb), 632 pages, illustrations, ISBN 9781838593841","authors":"Andrew Choong Han Lin","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2226980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2226980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under Five Flags: Miguirditch Gumuchdjian, an Armenian shipowner of Constantinople and London 1900–1932","authors":"Roger Dence","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2260251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2260251","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe shipping interests of Miguirditch Gumuchdjian stemmed from a coal enterprise established in Constantinople in the mid-1890s. A local business partnership operating as coal-mine proprietors and ship owners acquired its first vessel around 1900. From 1902 Gumuchdjian focused on coal importing and shipping, further vessels being acquired or managed under different flags between 1910 and 1914. In the early twentieth century the Turkish coal industry and the prevailing geopolitical situations presented both opportunities and risks. These factors were shaped by external conflicts, demands for independence within the widespread territories of the Ottoman empire, rising Turkish nationalism and the empire’s decline, resulting in the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The First World War proved eventful, with vessels requisitioned for war service and sunk by Allied naval actions. As an Armenian Christian, Gumuchdjian’s personal situation became difficult, necessitating a temporary relocation to London between 1915 and 1919 and a permanent move in 1923. His London-based shipping and trading business continued until 1932, when financial and management problems led to its closure. These events are examined in relation to the external contexts and the changing fortunes of a small shipping enterprise over more than three decades.Key words: Balkan WarsFirst World WarOttoman empireTurkeyArmeniaBlack SeaAnatolian coastRussian Black Sea FleetBosphorusDardanellesSea of MarmoraRoyal NavyConstantinopleLondonshipping AcknowledgmentsThe author is grateful to Margaret and Paul Flavell for introducing him to the Gumuchdjian story and in encouraging further research. Thanks are due to the two anonymous reviewers for their interest, comments and suggestions, and to Neil Datson for drawing attention to the RNAS aerial torpedo attack in the Sea of Marmora in August 1915 on a Gumuchdjian vessel in Ottoman service. Acknowledgments also to the archives and libraries whose records are referenced. The only published material located that focuses specifically on the Gumuchdjian and CICA shipping interests is a brief history and fleet list by F. Hermans in The Belgian Shiplover in 1961, which is acknowledged as framing the context and research for the article.Notes1 The Turkish Straits comprise the Bosphorus Strait, Sea of Marmora and Dardanelles Strait. The development of Constantinople (Istanbul) as a maritime centre is described by Harlaftis and Kardasis, International Shipping, 249–64. Maritime developments in the wider region are addressed in an EU- and Greek-funded collaborative research project: see the Black Sea Working Papers at: https://project.blacksea.gr/. Papers relevant as context to this article include Eldem and Laiou (eds), Istanbul and the Black Sea, and Mahmuzlu, ‘The Transformation of Merchant Shipping’, 123–56.2 Quataert, Miners and the State, 27–30. Geyikdaği, Foreign Investment, 108–11.3 The family name Gumuchdjian has variant spellings d","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documents Relating to the Official Dutch Naval Visit to Cherbourg, 8–10 September 1786","authors":"Steve Fraser","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2264658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2264658","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis group of letters offers an insight into the value of the Franco-Dutch treaty of cooperation; although only half-finished, the new roadstead at Cherbourg was viewed as the basis of a new combined force able to challenge British hegemony in Channel waters.Key words: Franco-Dutch treatyCherbourgcrisis 1787French Channel port Notes1 Archives national, Paris: MAR D2 14, 426; and MAR D2 13, 4452 This is specified by Article IV of the treaty, ratified by the Dutch on 12 Dec and the French on 15 Dec. 1785, exchange made 20 Dec.3 Browning (ed.) Despatches from Paris, vol 1, 126.4 The rade at this point offered no protection from a westerly wind.5 The forts, and their armament, remained far from complete.6 Harcourt provides Melvill (Pieter baron Melvill van Carnbee, 1743–1826) with the approximately equivalent French title of chevalier.7 Harcourt is referring to the Fourth Anglo-Dutch war of 1780–84.8 Two redundant ships, the Triton (64), 1747, and the Brillant (64), 1774, were sent to Cherbourg to demonstrate the shelter provided by the breakwater and to be used as depots and barracks as required.9 Woensel uses the plural here to denote the whole of the plateau.10 This is now known as the passe Collignon. Its use was developed as a shortcut from the stone depot at Le Becquet to the breakwater site.11 Following the visit of the comte d’Artois, the king’s youngest brother, in May1786, the fort du Hommet was renamed in his honour.12 An N cardinal buoy still marks these rocks.13 This not entirely accurate idea dates back to Vauban’s Memoire sur les fortifications de Cherbourg of 1686.14 The descent of the English for a week in 1758 was another reason to fortify the rade at Cherbourg.15 This was repeatedly confirmed during the period of the breakwater’s construction, and nearly resulted in its cancellation as early as 1784.16 This is an exaggeration. A cone required around 30,000 cubic feet of timber, a frigate some 50,000 cubic feet.17 45,360 tonnes.18 A cone sunk and filled with stone cost around 300,000 livres tournois, or 15,000 pounds sterling.19 This is corroborated by the PS of Harcourt’s letter to Castries.20 Masonry was already recommended by Belidor in his Architecture hydraulique of 1753. There was much debate about how to complete the breakwater as it became apparent the cones were unable to resist wave action.21 The fort de Querqueville was still only a project at this point.22 The Service historique de la défense is today housed in this naval barracks.23 The site had been proposed as a harbour from the beginning of the eighteenth century, see Battesti, ‘Vauban thuriferaire de Cherbourg’, 75–96. Detailed plans were drawn up in 1778 by military engineers, see Service historique de la défense, Vincennes: 1VH 575.24 A recurrent myth of the period; this vantage point, the montagne du Roule, offers a fine view but only as far as the shipping lanes, less than halfway across the Channel.25 In 1789 La Bretonnière calculated there was still on","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Port Cities in Comparative Global History: A narrative review","authors":"Sarah Ward, Ma Mingfei","doi":"10.1080/00253359.2023.2264660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2023.2264660","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to acknowledge the conference chairs, Professors Timothy Wong Man-Kong and Brad Beaven, co-chairs Drs Kwong Chi-Man, Melanie Bassett and Rudolf Ng, and the HKBU Conference Organizing Committee. Their tireless efforts made for a seamless and gratifying conference experience. The authors also wish to thank Professors Richard T. Griffiths and Guo Ran for reviewing a draft of this report.Notes1 The conference program is available from the HKBU website, https://histweb.hkbu.edu.hk/conferences/2 HKBU Modern History Research Centre, http://mhrc.hkbu.edu.hk/; Port Towns and Urban Cultures, https://porttowns.port.ac.uk/; Lloyds Register Foundation, https://www.lrfoundation.org.uk/3 Dr Kwong Chi Man’s academic profile, https://hkburdl.com/en/innovative_marketplace/Dr_Kwong_Chi_Man/4 Dr Clara Ho Wing-Chung’s academic profile, https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/en/persons/CLARAHO5 Professor Anne Murphy’s academic profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structureand-governance/our-people/our-staff/annemurphy6 Professor Brad Beaven’s academic profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structureand-governance/our-people/our-staff/bradbeaven7 Dr Melanie Bassett’s academic profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structureand-governance/our-people/our-staff/melaniebassett8 Dr Rudolf Ng’s academic profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-andgovernance/our-people/our-staff/rudolph-ng9 Professor Michael Liu’s academic profile, https://history.sjtu.edu.cn/En/FacultyDetail/2?t=1110 Leung and Furth, Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia.11 Cliff Periera’s academic profile, https://african.hku.hk/staff/CPereira.html12 Dr Nadine Attewell’s academic profile, https://www.sfu.ca/gsws/about-us/people/Nadine_Attewell.html13 Dr Katon Lee’s academic profile, https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/en/persons/KATONLEE14 Dr Robert James’s academic profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/robertjames15 Parker, The Silent Service.16 Dr Matthew Heaslip’s academic profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/matthew-heaslip17 Yan Xiaoxu’s academic profile, https://www.arch.hku.hk/event_/integrating-the-fragments-of-urban-space-tramway-network-in-tianjin-1900-1951/18 Dr Catherine Chan’s academic profile, https://www.ln.edu.hk/history/staff/catherine.php19 Chengchi University’s Doctoral Researchers, including Mr Lim Chia Pei, https://ncculias.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=8465&id=902920 Dr Rudolf Ng’s professional profile, https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/rudolph-ng21 Charlotte Steffen’s author profile, https://porttowns.port.ac.uk/author/charlottesteffen/22 Dr Elvan Cobb’s academic profile, https://histweb.hkbu.edu.hk/people/detail/25/10/23 Professor Cesar Ducruet’s professional profile, https://www.linkedin.com/in/cesar-ducruet-b0840486/24 Refer to the Agence Nationale ","PeriodicalId":44123,"journal":{"name":"MARINERS MIRROR","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}