Biosystems Diversity最新文献

{"title":"The effect on the organism of rats of adding Helichrysum arenarium inflorescences to a hypercaloric diet, high in sugar and fat","authors":"M. A. Lieshchova, V. V. Brygadyrenko","doi":"10.15421/012341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012341","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity increases the risk of developing various pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. For mild correction and even treatment of obesity, drugs based on medicinal plants are increasingly being used. This work aims to determine the overall effect of Helichrysum arenarium inflorescences on physiological activity and metabolic processes in model animals fed a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates. In a 27-day experiment on 18 laboratory rats fed a diet with high-fat content and 20% fructose solution, we determined the effect of 0.4% and 4.0% dry inflorescences of H. arenarium from the feed mass on the animals' physiological activity and metabolic processes. The body weight of rats in the control group reached 121.7% of the initial body weight; when consuming 0.4% and 4.0% H. arenarium in the diet, this indicator was lower – 109.6% and 111.2%, respectively. Dry inflorescences of H. arenarium in the rats’ diet at a dose of 0.4% caused a decrease in the relative mass of the heart and thymus and an increase in the relative mass of the caecum and colon. A diet with the addition of H. arenarium caused a change in blood biochemical parameters: an increase in the urea concentration and urea nitrogen, and a decrease in the glucose concentration and protein coefficient. Helichrysum arenarium at both concentrations significantly increased the gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity with a decrease in alpha-amylase activity in the blood. A 0.4% dose of inflorescences of the food mass caused a decrease in AST activity, and 200 g sharply increased blood ALT activity. The consumption of dried H. arenarium inflorescences decreased hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and platelet counts, and increased the percentage of eosinophils and monocytes. A decrease in physical activity and an intensification of emotional state were found in the animals after eating dry inflorescences of H. arenarium, regardless of the dose compared with the control group of animals. Significant changes in the orientation activity of the animals were not observed. The obtained results show that adding dry H. arenarium inflorescences as a food supplement to a high-calorie diet is safe, does not cause pathological changes and side effects, and significantly affects metabolic processes. This provides theoretical support for the use of dried H. arenarium inflorescences for the production of nutraceutical and pharmacological products for the correction of metabolic disorders in humans and animals. The doses and duration of their use require further research.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136044466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of hazelnut varieties and changes in plant development during introduction in the semi-arid zone","authors":"M. Nazarenko, O. Simchenko","doi":"10.15421/012336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012336","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change provide the emergence of new opportunities for the introduction of new crops into horticultural production in the areas of insufficient precipitation. In addition to the economic aspect, it is also of interest to the biologists of the development of this plant in a qualitatively new environment.The paper considers the variability of the main traits of plant morphometry, yield for four varieties of hazelnuts in order to identify the most promising forms for cultivating in the northern part of the Steppe of Ukraine characterized by an insufficient precipitation and harsh winters. Recent milder winter conditions and a certain balance in summer droughts have made the required horticultural production possible, thereby increasing the production of hazelnuts and addressing the dietary problems of people in terms of supply of necessary vitamins and micronutrient element from hazelnuts. Promising varieties for the production plantations have been specified, the mechanisms for the yield formation have been studied. Key traits of morphometry have been identified that condition the success of a variety under insufficient humidity. These were such traits as crown volume, leaf surface area, shell thickness, average weight of one nut, weight of dry nuts, yield, kernel yield. It has been established that the yield formation on account of large, well-shaped nuts is best in terms of yield. Some aspects of yield formation and the possibility of combining different varieties, especially when more intensive growing methods are applied, are of additional interest. High variability significantly prevents the modeling of traits, for example, such as yield per tree, from being significant in terms of the formation of high yield. Semi-intensive pruning of hazelnut bushes shows its suitability for use in modern garden plantings. Variety Barselonskiy showed extremely high variability for many key parameters, which may indicate insufficient stability of this variety from a genetic point of view and the presence of a fairly significant number of hidden biotypes, which is additionally negative for cultivation in modern semi-intensive and intensive technologies. Climate change makes it possible to continue to significantly expand the area under hazelnuts due to the previously considered unfavourable southern subzones of the Forest-Steppe and the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Such new and previously unnoticed effects have been noted as fruiting in the first year in production crops, the formation of up to 5–6 inflorescences for each nut-bearing branch in the second or third year. For further investigations, it is planned to analyze the nutritional qualities of the obtained products, in terms of the composition by microelements and the presence of biologically-active substances, to trace the dynamics of the accumulation of heavy metals and the potentially associated risks.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and status of Posidonia oceanica meadows on the North-Western coast of Algeria","authors":"M. E. A. Bentaallah, D. Baghdadi, N. Cantasano","doi":"10.15421/012328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012328","url":null,"abstract":"Posidonia oceanica is an endemic species of the Mediterranean Sea that in pristine coastal waters forms extensive meadows, which are, actually, exposed to natural and anthropogenic pressures, causing their regression throughout the basin. The aim of our study is to summarise and evaluate current knowledge about the characterisation of Posidonia oceanica along the Western Algerian coast, in order to provide new evidence about the distribution and health status this species. To realize our objectives, we combined extracted data from published articles, theses, results of project reports, in situ observations and laboratory analysis. The results show the presence of the meadows in fifteen coastal zones of Western Algeria, mainly located in shallow surface waters from 0.5 to 18 metres depth.The mean leaf length across all sites ranged from 153 to 667 mm. The mean number of leaves/shoot ranged between 4.7 ± 0.9 and 6.0 ± 0.5 leaves/shoot. Leaf length showed a highly significant difference between the cold and hot season. The data analysis shows that the leaf biometric values and the shoot densities of the P. oceanica are greater than those of Mediterranean samples although these measures tend to decrease deeply. The analyses carried out on structural features of P. oceanica show that the Western Algerian meadows are, globally, in good health status according to standardised scale. The available data on P. oceanica summarised in this article represent an important starting point to build effective plans for understanding levels of environmental threats and for supporting conservation strategies for these important ecosystems. Conversely, the limited information available on this seagrass along the Western Algerian costs only allows the description of some structural features, and permits us to draw overall conclusions on its general health status.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135755548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key role of phenol enzymes metabolism in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis under different water supply regimes","authors":"T. Nyzhnyk, S. Kots","doi":"10.15421/012335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012335","url":null,"abstract":"The legume-rhizobium interaction induces formation of specific reactions that take metabolism in the host plant up to a new functional level, increasing its tolerance to unfavourable cultivation conditions. Our objective was to study the participation of key enzymes – phenylalanine ammonia lyase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidases – in the phenol-metabolism processes and synthesis of a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites in soybean plants that have established symbiotic interactions with rhizobia of varying effectiveness during optimal and insufficient water supplies. In our studies, we used symbiotic systems of soybean and rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) that varied in efficiency and virulence. In the period of active nitrogen fixation by soybean, from the third-true-leaf stage until budding, we created different water-supply regimes for the plants, including optimal watering at the level of 60% of full field capacity (control) and insufficient, at the level of 30% (drought). When the soybean was flowering, we recovered the optimal level of water supply (resumed watering). In the studies, we employed microbiological, biochemical, and physiological approaches. We determined the specificity of how key enzymes of the phenol metabolism such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in the nodules, roots, and leaves of the soybean reacted to different levels of water supply, depending on the functional efficiency of the symbiotic system involving strains of B. japonicum, varying in effectiveness and virulence. In the effective soybean-rhizobium symbiosis, there occurred insignificant changes in the activity of phenol-metabolism enzymes in the nodules, roots, and leaves during drought and after action of the stress. This evidence is that in symbiosis with effective rhizobia B1-20, soybean could realize its own defensive systems that regulate optimal functioning of phenol metabolism in dehydration conditions. In the low-effective 107 and ineffective 604k symbiotic systems of soybean, there was observed unstable dynamics of the activity of enzymes in leaves and roots, manifested in intensification or inhibition of their activity levels during drought or post-stress period. This indicates malfunctioning of the processes associated with phenol metabolism in the soybean plants. We concluded that tolerance of legume-rhizobium symbiosis to water deprivation depends on mutual involvements of the both symbiotic partners – host plant and rhizobia, their ability to fully realize the defensive systems for activation of the key enzymatic complexes taking part in regulation of phenol metabolism in plants.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139354366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of early flowering plants of the Ulytau mountains (Central Kazakhstan)","authors":"Y. Pozdnyakova, A. Sailau, D. Solyanov, L. Aitisheva, Y. Tatina, V. Britko","doi":"10.15421/012329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012329","url":null,"abstract":"Early flowering plants (ephemers and ephemeroids) are an important component of the biosystem of steppes and deserts. These species form perennial pasture communities, for early grazing. The present work was conducted to evaluate the floristic checklist and ecological uniqueness of early flowering plants of Central Kazakhstan, in the forest-steppe regions of Em-Bulak region and Edige mountains, during 2021 and 2022. A total of 26 species of ephemers and ephemeroids were recorded, which belong to 16 families: Liliaceae – 3 species, Asteraceae – 3 species, Ranunculaceae – 3 species, Rosaceae – 3 species, Brassicaceae – 2 species, Boraginaceae – 2 species, the other families are represented by one species. According to ecomorphological characteristics: 8 species (31%) belong to the xerophyte group, 6 (23%) to the xeromesophyte group, 7 (27%) to the mesoxerophyte group and 5 (19%) to the mesophyte group. Also, as a result of our research we found two species of plants which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. and Tulipa patens Agardh. ex Schult. f. The data obtained can be used for environmental monitoring and issues of rational nature management of wild plants of Central Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139354332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a herbicide-resistant biotype of Echinochloa crus-galli in Ukraine","authors":"V. Schwartau, L. Mykhalska, T. Makoveychuk, V. Tretiakov","doi":"10.15421/012334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012334","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine is one of the world’s guarantors of food security and has the potential to further increase agricultural production. However, the vast majority of herbicides used on crops are acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, which poses a threat of herbicide-resistant weed species. The emergence and spread of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes can significantly increase the cost of growing crops to the point of loss of profitability. Herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli) has been studied in long-term field and greenhouse experiments. Resistance of E. crus-galli to the ALS herbicide triazolopyrimidine derivative ‒ penoxsulam was identified. Expressed resistance was observed in weed plants grown from seeds collected under production conditions in Kherson region in 2015–2016 and 2020–2021. Cross resistance was observed for imidazolinone and sulfonylurea derivatives. It should be noted that the level of cross resistance to ALS herbicides was slightly higher for plants derived from weed seeds harvested in 2020–2021 compared to those harvested in 2015–2016. The introduction of a herbicidal composition of a herbicide mixture ‒ an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) (an enzyme in plants in the chain of carotenoid synthesis) ‒ mesotrione with an ALS-inhibitor (nicosulfuron) allowed effective control of the weed, which indicates the absence of multiple resistance to herbicides ‒ inhibitors of carotenoid synthesis. The high efficiency of E. crus-galli control was established by the application of herbicides ‒ inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis (graminicides). The highest level of efficiency in the experiments was observed with the application of fluazifop-butyl and somewhat less ‒ with pinoxaden. A tendency to reduce phytotoxicity to barnyardgrass from the south of Ukraine was observed with the introduction of tepraloxydim and quizalofop-ethyl. A lower level of phytotoxicity of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl on E. crus-galli should be noted compared to the effect of pinoxaden. No multiple resistance was observed with glyphosate (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor) and reglone (photosystem I inhibitor), allowing control of vegetative weeds at the beginning and end of the growing season. It has been established that monocot weed species have significantly increased their presence and harmfulness in agrophytocenoses in Ukraine and in the world since the 1950s with the widespread introduction of selective dicotyledonous species control with aryloxyphenoxyacetic, propionic and benzoic acid derivatives. This trend has been maintained until recently ‒ barnyardgrass is one of the dominant weed species in modern agrophytocenoses of Ukraine. Therefore, the identification of the ALS-resistant biotype of barnyardgrass complicates weed control in the following crops in rotations in the southern regions of the country: in maize crops with cross resistance to nicosulfuron, in sunflower ‒ to imidazolinones (","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activity of the inflorescences of Sorbus domestica, S. aucuparia, and S. torminalis","authors":"Y. Lykholat, N. О. Khromykh, O. V. Liashenko, T. V. Sklyar, A. O. Anishchenko, O. K. Balalaiev, T. A. Holubieva, T. Lykholat","doi":"10.15421/012333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012333","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Sorbus L. is known for its extremely complex taxonomical relationships and health-promoting phytochemicals included in the composition of its floral constituents. The inflorescences of three Sorbus species (rowans), characterized by distinct molecular-genetic traits, were studied in order to examine the possible chemotaxonomic and antimicrobial value of their metabolites. GC–MS profiling of the hexane extracts of S. domestica, S. aucuparia, and S. torminalis inflorescences identified a total of 87 components, which represented six chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, fatty acid, aldehydes, and ketones) and miscellaneous minor floral constituents (1-methylinosine, 5-amino tetrazole, 1,4-dimethylbenzene, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol, 3-acetoxy-7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol, cycloeucalenol acetate, etc.). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the qualitative and quantitative heterogeneity of the floral metabolites determined 1-hentetracontanol, nonacosane, pentadecyl acrylate, 1-methylhexacosane, cycloeucalenol acetate, butyl acetate, and urs-12-ene as the main components which contributed to the differences between S. domestica, S. aucuparia and S. torminalis and resulted in the distinction between the rowan species. Disc-diffusion assays showed variability in activity of inflorescence extracts against Gram-negative (Enterobacter dissolvens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Gram-positive (Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis) bacterial and clinical fungal (Candida albicans) strains. The effect of S. torminalis was high against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, while it was at its lowest against clinical C. albicans strains. Inflorescences of S. domestica showed the highest inhibition of P. aeruginosa, and moderate effects against S. epidermidis and C. albicans. Inflorescences of S. aucuparia caused low to moderate growth inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, while it showed the highest effect on C. albicans. Antimicrobial properties of rowan inflorescences may be attributed to oleic, linoleic, arachidic, hexadecanoic, and pentadecanoic acids, 24-norursa-3,12-diene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, cycloeucalenol acetate, and other compounds which have known bioactivity. These findings indicated rowan inflorescences as a rich source of valuable secondary metabolites and allow us to assume an application of the floral constituents as chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Sorbus species.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assortative mating in Gastropoda: A meta-analysis","authors":"S. Kramarenko, A. Kramarenko","doi":"10.15421/012330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012330","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘assortative mating’ denotes situations when the choice of a mating partner is nonrandom and the phenotypes across mate pairs are correlated, either positively or negatively. Assortative mating has been registered as a particular type of behaviour in many taxa of animals, including various vertebrate and invertebrate species. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of published data concerning assortative mating in various taxa of Gastropoda. In total, we found 36 published peer-reviewed papers that consider the size-assortative mating in Gastropoda. 32 species belonging to different taxonomic groups of this class were studied, which provided 58 cases for further analysis. The range of estimates of the strength of assortment between individuals for species included into our meta-analysis (46 cases) is very wide: from –0.155 (Brephulopsis cylindrica) to +0.966 (Veronicella sloanii). Integrally, for the studied species of Gastropoda, the average weighted estimate of the strength of assortment between the sizes of copulating individuals was 0.381 ± 0.014. It revealed that virtually all the points representing individual studies form a funnel-shaped dispersion on a scatterplot that lies along the line representing the estimate of the generalized mean rgen = 0.343 and uniformly fill the funnel-shaped space between the lines of 95% confidence interval of the correlation coefficient for a given sample size adjusted for the overall mean. The distribution of the estimates of the correlation coefficient between copulating individuals among the various gastropod species has a shape close to the normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov's d = 0.061; P > 0.20). Moreover, most estimates are concentrated within a range from 0.2 to 0.6. We found that the probability of obtaining reliable estimates of the correlation coefficient between the sizes of copulating individuals is dependent upon the number of pairs used in the analysis (binary logistic regression: χ2 = 8.92; df = 1; P = 0.0028). It can be argued that the existence of the negative size-assortative mating in Gastropoda has not yet been proved. On the other hand, if only statistically significant cases of size-assortative mating are considered (37 cases out of 58, or 63.7%), the average weighted estimate of the strength of assortment between sizes of copulating mollusks is 0.439 ± 0.015 (95% confidence interval: 0.409–0.468). If we consider the mating system and the environment simultaneously, the positive size-assortativity is most pronounced among the gonochoristic snails living in the aquatic environment (0.448 ± 0.021) while among the aquatic hermaphroditic species it is the weakest (0.315 ± 0.028). Terrestrial hermaphrodites (land snails and slugs) take the middle position. The numerous examples of the assortative mating with respect to different morphological traits, either quantitative or qualitative, have been described in various species of aquatic and land snails.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and morphological characteristics of some pyrophilous discomycetes in culture","authors":"V. Dzhagan, T. Krupodorova, A. Atamanchuk, Y. Lytvynenko","doi":"10.15421/012332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012332","url":null,"abstract":"Three pyrophilous discomycetes species (Anthracobia maurilabra (Cooke) Boud., Pyronema domesticum (Sowerby) Sacc. and Tricharina praecox (P. Karst.) Dennis) have been cultivated and studied in vitro. Cultures were obtained from fresh apothecia сollected in the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park (Kyiv, Ukraine). The culture growth and morphological characteristics of the studied fungi on different media (beer wort agar, Czapek Dox agar, potato-dextrose agar) were analyzed. All investigated species can quite easily grow under laboratory conditions on different tested nutrient media. Potato-dextrose agar was the most suitable medium for the enhancement of radial growth and the best expresses all the phenotypes of the colony of studied fungi. Macro- and micromorphological descriptions of all fungal colonies and illustrations are provided. The micromorphological analysis showed that common to the mycelium of all studied species of fungi was the presence of numerous drops of oil in the hyphae, anastomoses like T. praecox, а net- like structure of A. maurilabra similar to nematode capture hook. Beside this, A. maurilabra and P. domesticum formed the sexual stage under experimental conditions. Forming fruiting bodies of A. maurilabra in culture has not been reported before. Moreover, P. domesticum was found to form abundant dark brown sclerotia on potato-dextrose agar and Czapek Dox agar. Possible pigment composition in the P. domesticum sclerotia is discussed based on the Raman spectroscopy study, performed on this genus for the first time. The established cultural characteristics can be useful for taxonomic identification of fungal species and for pure quality control of mycelial cultures during their introduction, preservation and future potential applications in biotechnological areas.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elm (Ulmus) leaf miners in North-East Kazakhstan","authors":"M. Zhussip, K. Akhmetov, U. Burkitbaeva","doi":"10.15421/012344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012344","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf miners are increasingly causing damage to plants, often causing their death. There are about 10 thousand species of leaf miners in the world. The purpose of this study is to establish the location, species diversity, as well as the degree of damage caused by leaf miners to the leaves of Ulmus L. genus trees in the Pavlodar Region. In the course of the study, a visual inspection of the affected areas was used, as well as the selection, drying of damaged foliage and, subsequently, the removal of larvae and adult insects from it, followed by their study. During the vegetation seasons in 2019–2022, in Pavlodar, Ekibastuz and Aksu cities, as well as in Zhelezinka and Koktobe villages, elm leaves were studied for the presence of leaf miners, a visual inspection of the damage locations was conducted, and samples were taken, which later became the material for growing and detailed study of insects at different development stages. The article considers phyllophagous insects mining elm leaves in the North-East of Kazakhstan (Pavlodar Region) in 2019–2022. In the course of the conducted studies on the territory of the Pavlodar Region, 8 species belonging to 5 genera were identified: Stigmella Schrank, 1802, Orchestes Illiger, 1798, Fenusa Leach, 1817, Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839 and Phyllonorycter Hubner, 1822. Leaf miners that belong to the Agromyza genus of the Agromyzidae family were also identified. All representatives are obligate leaf miners, developing at the larval stage in the mesophyll of elm leaves. Most of the leaf-mining insects are represented by Agromyza and Stigmella species. They are among the most dangerous for the biocoenosis of the Pavlodar Region. Moreover, Agromyza insects have high plasticity and may become a problem in other regions. The obtained data will help to contribute to further studies in this direction, and also show the development degree of an understudied problem: the influence of leaf miners on the nature of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}