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Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications最新文献

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Location location location: viewing patterns on WWW pages 位置位置:WWW页面上的浏览模式
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117328
Laura A. Granka, H. Hembrooke, Geri Gay
{"title":"Location location location: viewing patterns on WWW pages","authors":"Laura A. Granka, H. Hembrooke, Geri Gay","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117328","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates which components of a web page are most likely to both attract and maintain a viewer's attention. We measure these two aspects of viewing behavior---attention onset and maintenance---through an analysis of eye movements on three Web page components---page location, element size, and information density. More specifically, the present research addresses how the overall composition and structure of a Web page influences an individual's ability to perceive content.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130409789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
An environmental investigation of wayfinding in a nursing home 养老院寻路的环境调查
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117317
R. Schuchard, B. R. Connell, P. Griffiths
{"title":"An environmental investigation of wayfinding in a nursing home","authors":"R. Schuchard, B. R. Connell, P. Griffiths","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117317","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary information on wayfinding information placement for NH (nursing home) residents by finding where older adults with mild dementia look during a wayfinding task. Wayfinding problems (e.g., an inability to find or recognize a destination) are common among NH residents. These behaviors have been related to falls and fractures [Buchner and Larson 1987] and are a significant source of staff stress [Bright 1986]. Wayfinding problems are person-environment problems from deficits in spatial orientation making it difficult to maintain a cognitive map of the route to a desired location, as well as with deficits that impact abilities to plan and carry out goal-directed travel and to ignore irrelevant and distracting stimuli [Liu et al. 1991; Passini et al. 1995]. Design-for best practices advocate supporting preserved wayfinding abilities. However, little attention has been given to the information placement in the NH environment to ensure that it is likely to be seen. A case report states that NH residents with dementia look down as they walk around a NH unit, looking on hallway floors and the lower part of walls (below waist level) where wayfinding information is almost never placed [Adachi 1999]. Optimal information placement has the potential to positively impact the independence, safety, and QOL of residents as well as improve staff satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116675088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Averaging scan patterns and what they can tell us 平均扫描模式和它们能告诉我们的
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117325
H. Hembrooke, Matthew K. Feusner, Geri Gay
{"title":"Averaging scan patterns and what they can tell us","authors":"H. Hembrooke, Matthew K. Feusner, Geri Gay","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117325","url":null,"abstract":"While fixation data and saccadic indices have been employed as individual measures, less frequent analysis has been attempted on the sequence or pattern data that these two indices together create. The patterns of fixations and saccades are rich and complex, and hence, they are typically studied as individual paths or parts of paths that are isolated. Analysis is usually a visual comparison, although more recently there have been studies that have compared scan patterns statistically [Josephson and Holmes 2002; Pan et al. 2002; Yarbus 1967]. In the current work we explore a method for deriving an \"average\" scan pattern aggregated from many users viewing the same visual stimulus (web site).","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134559809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Eye drawing with gaze estimation model 基于注视估计模型的眼球绘制
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117342
Po-Chan Chiu, A. Yeo
{"title":"Eye drawing with gaze estimation model","authors":"Po-Chan Chiu, A. Yeo","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117342","url":null,"abstract":"Many research works in gaze-controlled interfaces have focused on target selection with eye gaze. For example, eye typing is built based on gaze patterns and language models. However only parts of these methods in target selection can be transferred to other domains. Unlike target selection in eye typing, eye-drawing target-selection is very small and the target could be less than 100 pixels target surface size.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128530417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of web browsing experience on web-viewing behavior 网页浏览体验对网页浏览行为的影响
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117332
Yoshiko Habuchi, H. Takeuchi, M. Kitajima
{"title":"The influence of web browsing experience on web-viewing behavior","authors":"Yoshiko Habuchi, H. Takeuchi, M. Kitajima","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117332","url":null,"abstract":"The World Wide Web has become an important source of information, as much as traditional media like books, newspapers, and television. While there have been many studies on Web searching, research into Web-viewing behavior using eye-tracking systems has only recently begun [Pan et al., 2004]. Josephson and Holmes [2002] studied Web-viewing behavior focusing on the category of Web page visual design. They suggested that eye movements were affected by the following two factors: (1) visual design of Web pages and (2) habitually preferred path across the visual stimuli. However, these previous studies did not sufficiently consider the user's experience. The purpose of this study is to investigate how past Web-browsing experience influences Web-viewing behavior. We used a detailed questionnaire to measure a user's Web-browsing experience and analyzed the eye-tracking data based on the user's prior Web experience.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Evaluation of a multimedia learning exercise using oculo-motors 利用眼动进行多媒体学习练习的评价
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117331
M. Nakayama, Y. Shimizu
{"title":"Evaluation of a multimedia learning exercise using oculo-motors","authors":"M. Nakayama, Y. Shimizu","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117331","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of multimedia learning materials and software have been developed as learning tools. Their usability for learning has not often been discussed, however. The issue of system usabilty is often considered regarding various other processes, but learning materials should also be evaluated. The indices of oculo-motors can be used for usability tests [Nakayama et al. 2002], so they may also indicate the usability of learning materials. To examine the feasibility of using oculo-motors to evaluate multimedia learning materials, an exercise was tested under experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126194996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Eye tracking insights into cognitive modeling 眼动追踪对认知建模的洞察
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117358
Michael Bartels, S. Marshall
{"title":"Eye tracking insights into cognitive modeling","authors":"Michael Bartels, S. Marshall","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117358","url":null,"abstract":"The original 2000 AMBR project sought to evaluate how well four human performance models simulated behavior of human participants. Participants and models completed a modified version of an air traffic control task and were compared on the dimensions of performance, reaction time and subjective workload ratings. The current study replicated the human performance findings of the previous phase of AMBR and added eye tracking analysis to enhance understanding of participants' behavior. Examination of gaze position and patterns of eye movement provided evidence that participants adopted different visual strategies to complete the task in different display conditions and at different levels of demand. Applicability of eye tracking analyses to cognitive models is discussed.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122223847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Analyzing individual performance of source code review using reviewers' eye movement 使用审查者的眼球运动分析源代码审查的个人性能
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117357
H. Uwano, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto
{"title":"Analyzing individual performance of source code review using reviewers' eye movement","authors":"H. Uwano, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117357","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes to use eye movements to characterize the performance of individuals in reviewing source code of computer programs. We first present an integrated environment to measure and record the eye movements of the code reviewers. Based on the fixation data, the environment computes the line number of the source code that the reviewer is currently looking at. The environment can also record and play back how the eyes moved during the review process. We conducted an experiment to analyze 30 review processes (6 programs, 5 subjects) using the environment. As a result, we have identified a particular pattern, called scan, in the subjects' eye movements. Quantitative analysis showed that reviewers who did not spend enough time for the scan tend to take more time for finding defects.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129723916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 171
Compensating for eye tracker camera movement 补偿眼动仪相机的运动
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117348
Susan M. Kolakowski, J. Pelz
{"title":"Compensating for eye tracker camera movement","authors":"Susan M. Kolakowski, J. Pelz","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117348","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm was developed to improve prediction of eye position from video-based eye tracker data. Eye trackers that determine eye position relying on images of pupil and corneal reflection positions typically make poor differentiation between changes in eye position and movements of the camera relative to the subject's head. The common method employed by video-based eye trackers to determine eye position involves calculation of the vector difference between the center of the pupil and the center of the corneal reflection under the assumption that the centers of the pupil and the corneal reflection change in unison when the camera moves with respect to the head. This assumption was tested and is shown to increase prediction error. Also, predicting the corneal reflection center is inherently less precise than that of the pupil due to the reflection's small size. Typical approaches thus generate eye positions that can only be as robust as the relatively noisy corneal reflection data. An algorithm has been developed to more effectively account for camera movements with respect to the head as well as reduce the noise in the final eye position prediction. This algorithm was tested and is shown to be particularly robust during the common situation when sharp eye movements occur intermixed with smooth head-to-camera changes.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116394746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Improving web usability for the hard-of-hearing 改善听觉障碍者的网站可用性
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications Pub Date : 2006-03-27 DOI: 10.1145/1117309.1117323
M. Namatame, M. Kitajima
{"title":"Improving web usability for the hard-of-hearing","authors":"M. Namatame, M. Kitajima","doi":"10.1145/1117309.1117323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117323","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, with continued advances in information technology, there is an ever-growing amount of information accumulated on the World Wide Web. At the same time, the need to make this information accessible to any person who needs it becomes a serious issue. This paper focuses on web content accessibility for the hard-of-hearing. This is motivated by the fact that the first author, who is engaged in educating hard-of-hearing persons through daily classes, felt that hard-of-hearing persons would interact with web pages differently than hearing persons. Using web-based interactive course materials seems effective since they allow the creator to control the presentation of the content. However, the issue of how the hard-of-hearing interact with the web has not been adequately studied.","PeriodicalId":440675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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