{"title":"Atypical Asymmetric Guillain-Barré Syndrome Overlapping with Miller-Fisher Syndrome: A Case Report","authors":"H. Kim, G. Oh, Ju Kang Lee, O. Lim, K. Park","doi":"10.18214/jend.2020.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18214/jend.2020.00150","url":null,"abstract":"heterogeneous syndrome with several variant forms. We experienced a patient who rapidly developed atypical variant GBS without a preceding history of infection. A 13-year-old female patient was admitted, presenting with left facial palsy and ophthalmoplegia. After a few days, right hand and ankle muscle weakness and paresthesia of both hands newly occurred. Electrophysiological findings revealed multifocal asymmetric motor and sensory axonal neuropathies compatible with multiple mononeuropathy. In blood testing, autoimmune-related antibodies were negative and anti-GQ1b antibodies were positive. We diagnosed the patient with overlapping Miller-Fisher syndrome and the acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy variant of GBS. After intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, the weakness of the limbs partially improved. Since the initial symptoms were similar to those of mononeuritis multiplex, it was difficult to recognize GBS. Electrodiagnostic studies and anti-ganglioside antibody screening tests are necessary for the early differential diagnosis of variant GBS.","PeriodicalId":440658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132186715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eui Jin Jeong, H. Lee, Hyun-Joon Yoo, H. Kwon, H. Lee, S. Pyun
{"title":"Hypokalemic Paralysis: A Report of Two Different Cases","authors":"Eui Jin Jeong, H. Lee, Hyun-Joon Yoo, H. Kwon, H. Lee, S. Pyun","doi":"10.18214/jend.2021.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18214/jend.2021.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by symmetric muscle weakness due to low serum potassium levels, which is completely disappeared when the potassium levels become normalized. It can be classified into primary (familial) or secondary depending on the etiology. Primary hypokalemic paralysis, which is called hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP), is mostly caused by a gene mutation that codes calcium or sodium channel in skeletal muscle. It is quite rare, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 100,000. Secondary hypokalemic paralysis can be caused by potassium ion loss through the gastrointestinal or renal system. It can also be developed by an intracellular shift of potassium ion by pharmacologic causes such as insulin and beta-adrenergic agonists [1-3]. Although hypokalemic paralysis can be suspected with clinical features, electromyography (EMG) can be used to help to establish the diagnosis. During the attack of paralysis, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude declines and increased small polyphasic motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) with decreased interference pattern can be observed on the needle EMG. However, the routine electrodiagnostic examination can be normal between the attacks. Therefore, many provocative tests have been proposed. Among them, the long exercise test","PeriodicalId":440658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124339451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}