{"title":"A phase synchronization and magnitude processor VLSI architecture for adaptive neural stimulation","authors":"K. Abdelhalim, V. Smolyakov, R. Genov","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709557","url":null,"abstract":"A low-power VLSI processor architecture that computes in real time the magnitude, phase and phase synchronization of two input signals is presented. The processor is part of an envisioned closed-loop implantable or wearable microsystem for adaptive neural stimulation. The architecture uses three CORDIC processing cores that require shift-and-add operations but no multiplication. The 10-bit processor synthesized in a standard 1.2V 0.13μm CMOS technology utilizes 41,000 logic gates. For 64 input channels, it dissipates 1.1μ W per input, and provides 1kS/s per-channel throughput when clocked at 1.41MHz. The power scales linearly with the number of input channels or the sampling rate.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131582328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implantable stimulator for bipolar stimulation without charge balancing circuits","authors":"Hosung Chun, T. Lehmann, Yuanyuan Yang","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709606","url":null,"abstract":"It is critically important to maintain charge balance in neural stimulation, employing biphasic current pulses. Any mismatch in biphasic current pulses will result in charge imbalance, possibly leading to tissue damage. In this paper, we propose an implantable stimulator for bipolar stimulation to minimize the mismatch of biphasic current pulses, without dc blocking capacitors or charge balancing circuits. Using 0.35μm HV CMOS process with 20V power supply, the maximum mismatch between cathodic and anodic current is achieved less than 0.4μA out of full scale current of 1mA. (equivalent to 11 bit accuracy at 1mA) Residual dc current of less than 1nA is achieved with shorting enabled, under 0.1ms stimulation for each cathodic and anodic phase out of 3ms period.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131723498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A power efficient programmable gain boosting current mirror for biomedical electronics","authors":"Hosung Chun, T. Lehmann","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709612","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a power efficient gain boosting current mirror with fast stand-by recovery (4.5μs) and a maximum gain of 80dB is proposed in a 0.35μm CMOS process with 3V power supply. The gain is achieved from the aspect ratios in transistors and deployed closed loop amplifier. In active mode, it can deliver upto 1mA from 0.1μA input current with approximately 1.2μA in biasing circuits. It consumes only 0.8μW during stand-by mode. A digital calibration circuit is employed to overcome device mismatch and process variation. This generates accurate output currents within a range of ±8%, whereas without calibration, the variation of ±33% at output currents is observed. This technique can be used in biomedical devices, which seek high power efficiency.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A CMOS chip with active imaging and stimulation pixels for implantable retinal prosthesis","authors":"Xu Zhang, Weihua Pei, Beiju Huang, Hongda Chen","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709580","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype chip with 4×4 active pixels for implanting in blind patients affected by outer retinal degeneration is presented in this paper. This visual prosthesis chip consists of the imaging and stimulation pixels array, power recovery unit and data and clock receiver. The chip imitates the degenerated photoreceptor cells, senses the incident light and stimulates the remaining healthy layers of retina or optic nerve. Each pixel integrates photodiode and stimulus pulse generator, which converts the illumination on the eyes into bi-phasic current pulses with 4-bit amplitude resolution and 3-bit frequency resolution. On-Chip charge cancellation modules are used to discharge each electrode site for tissue safety. The power is recovered by on-chip shottky-diodes rectifier and low-dropout regulator through inductive electromagnetic coupling with a 4 MHz carrier. The data and clock receiver receives the modulated outside command data from power carrier and controls the imaging and stimulation pixels array. The prototype chip is designed and fabricated in 0.35-μm N-well CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) 2P4M Mix-signal process, with the chip area of 2.5×2.5 mm2.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An open-source platform for the development of microcontroller based multi-wavelength oximetry","authors":"Onur Guven, F. Geier, D. Banks, C. Toumazou","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709626","url":null,"abstract":"We present here, an open-source printed circuit board (PCB) platform for the prototyping, testing and trialing of non-invasive oximeter devices. The system is designed around a dspic33fj128gp804 microcontroller with coding in C. It can control over 100 LED and photodiode devices and has two modes, one for calibration and one for signal interrogation. At the top-level, the microcontroller has ports dedicated for LED and photodiode control, with EEPROM and SD card for storage, alphanumeric display for menu control and graphical display showing relevant waveforms. Further the device is battery powered and rechargeable. This device was designed with consideration to robustness, power-efficient operation, expandable hardware and algorithms and cheap off the shelf components, ensuring it can be used and repaired in low-resource settings. We show a working example device calculating total Haemoglobin, which has relevance World-Wide as a non-invasive anaemia detector. Continuous operation the device consumes approx. 222 mW. Under these circumstances four AA batteries (2650 mAh) could operate for over eight hours allowing general use operation of several weeks, without charging.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132894431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Beyeler, F. Stefanini, H. Proske, G. Galizia, E. Chicca
{"title":"Exploring olfactory sensory networks: Simulations and hardware emulation","authors":"M. Beyeler, F. Stefanini, H. Proske, G. Galizia, E. Chicca","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709623","url":null,"abstract":"Olfactory stimuli are represented in a high-dimensional space by neural networks of the olfactory system. A great deal of research in olfaction has focused on this representation within the first processing stage, the olfactory bulb (vertebrates) or antennal lobe (insects) glomeruli. In particular the mapping of chemical stimuli onto olfactory glomeruli and the relation of this mapping to perceptual qualities have been investigated. While a number of studies have illustrated the importance of inhibitory networks within the olfactory bulb or the antennal lobe for the shaping and processing of olfactory information, it is not clear how exactly these inhibitory networks are organized to provide filtering and contrast enhancement capabilities. In this work the aim is to study the topology of the proposed networks by using software simulations and hardware implementation. While we can study the dependence of the activity on each parameter of the theoretical models with the simulations, it is important to understand whether the models can be used in robotic applications for real-time odor recognition. We present the results of a linear simulation, a spiking simulation with I&F neurons and a real-time hardware emulation using neuromorphic VLSI chips. We used an input data set of neurophysiological recordings from olfactory receptive neurons of insects, especially Drosophila.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive threshold spike detection using stationary wavelet transform for neural recording implants","authors":"Yuning Yang, A. Kamboh, J. M. Andrew","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709558","url":null,"abstract":"Spike detection is an essential first step in the analysis of neural recording signals. A new spike detection hardware architecture combining absolute threshold method and stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is described. The method enables spike detection with 90% accuracy even when the signal-to-noise is −1dB. A noise monitoring block was implemented to automatically calculate the appropriate threshold value for spike detection, and the system then chooses either absolute threshold method or the SWT method to optimize power consumption. The system was designed in 130nm CMOS and shown to occupy 0.082 mm2 and dissipate 0.45 μW for one channel.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114158372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hardware-efficient lowpass filter design for biomedical applications","authors":"P. Demosthenous, N. Nicolaou, J. Georgiou","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709588","url":null,"abstract":"A hardware-efficient lowpass filter design technique based on an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) filter architecture is proposed for the detection of general action potentials and nerve spikes in noisy signals. The EWMA VLSI architecture is compared with a basic moving average (MA) architecture and it is found that the EWMA technique is the most economical in terms of space of the two. In addition, a rule of thumb is given for converting a MA filter to the proposed filter. In the comparison, it was found that an EWMA filter is almost 85% more hardware-efficient than an MA filter.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134465613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a high-voltage analog front-end circuit for integration with CMUT arrays","authors":"Parisa Behnamfar, S. Mirabbasi","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709630","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasound Transducer (CMUT) technology is becoming popular in ultrasound imaging due to its many advantages as compared to its piezoelectric counterpart. These advantages include ease of fabrication and integration with CMOS readout circuitry. This paper presents the design of a high voltage (HV) transmitting driver and a low-power variable-gain receiving amplifier which are intended for integration with CMUT arrays. Also, by Verilog-AMS behavioral modeling of the CMUTs, their loading effect is modeled more realistically. The circuit is designed in a 0.8-μm HV CMOS technology. The transmitter is capable of generating pulses of up to 300 V. The gain of the receiving amplifier varies from 72 dB to 90 dB while its bandwidth ranges from 11 MHz to 9 MHz. The amplifier consumes 3 mW from a 5V supply and has an input resistance of 1KΩ.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123481693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sarkar, D. S. S. Bello, C. van Hoof, A. Theuwissen
{"title":"A biologically inspired collision detection algorithm using differential optic flow imaging","authors":"M. Sarkar, D. S. S. Bello, C. van Hoof, A. Theuwissen","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709618","url":null,"abstract":"A differential CMOS image sensor to detect collision using 1D binary differential optical flow is presented. The algorithm is inspired by the insects' use of image expansion for saccadic motion and flight landing. The proposed model is simpler in implementation than the conventional Hassenstein-Reichardt elementary motion detectors used in most collision detection models. The binary output for the optic flow is generated at the pixel level, reducing the need for digital hardware and simplifying the process of collision detection. The experimental results show that the collision detection algorithm can trigger as near as 2cm from the object, opening the possibility of using these algorithms in narrow path autonomous agent navigations.","PeriodicalId":440499,"journal":{"name":"2010 Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130469707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}