M. Khandelwal, M. Hill, Margaret E. Beck, Sanoop Valappanandi, Hrushikesh Mahapatra
{"title":"The Gender of Fuelwood: Headloads and Truckloads in India","authors":"M. Khandelwal, M. Hill, Margaret E. Beck, Sanoop Valappanandi, Hrushikesh Mahapatra","doi":"10.1177/09731741221078170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221078170","url":null,"abstract":"Cookstove improvement projects in India have emerged from the longstanding concerns about the nexus of cooking, fuelwood, gender and the environment. Such work, both academic and interventionist, focuses on rural women hauling headloads of firewood from the forests to their kitchens, where they burn it for daily cooking in a mud cookstove [chulha]. We argue that this focus on village women’s cooking is too narrow if we are to understand and address problems caused by burning fuelwood in India, as cookstove campaigns attend to villages and not cities, domestic cooking and not commercial uses, and women and not men. Ethnographic research in Rajasthan and Odisha shows why we must expand our understanding of fuelwood use beyond villages, rural kitchens and women, and how cookstove interventions, often expressed as concern for women, require gender analysis.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"230 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48168865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalization Versus Slowbalization: A Perspective on the Indian Economy","authors":"Shikha Gupta, Nand Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09731741221084762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221084762","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis and ensuing recession have led the global leaders to focus inwards. While the trend had taken off with countries having to face rising inequality and a focus towards self-development, there is little evidence besides newspaper articles to support this hypothesis from the Indian perspective. The results, using dynamic hierarchical factor model analysis, over a subset of 21 economies which account for 66% of India’s trade, reveal that India’s globalization has been withering away over time. Using time-varying parameter regression estimation on the domestic and factors loading, it is observed that the portion of growth explained by domestic factors is increasing over time and that of foreign factors is degrading. The study provides evidence of slowbalization in Indian economy. As the government looks forward to an era of self-reliance and Make in India, the results hold significance for the future growth trajectory of the Indian economy.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"84 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sociotechnical System of Silk Weaving in Bishnupur Region in West Bengal","authors":"Abhradip Banerjee, Gopalkrishna Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1177/09731741221083086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221083086","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the sociotechnical system of the silk weaving industry in the Bishnupur region of West Bengal through a detailed description of processes and interactions between important technical elements and the human agents within a richly structured environment of silk cloth production. It shows that the various processes of silk cloth production and marketing constitute an ensemble of economic inequalities, skill differentiation and differences in power and prestige. Different groups restructure the hierarchy by participating in the network of silk cloth production in which raw materials are converted into stable or viable products. The article thus provides an overview of how capitalist development is shaping the lives and livelihoods of silk weaving artisans in West Bengal.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"108 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Nikita Sud. 2021. The Making of Land and the Making of India","authors":"Kenneth Bo Nielsen","doi":"10.1177/09731741221083745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221083745","url":null,"abstract":"Nikita Sud. 2021. The Making of Land and the Making of India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. xxiv+253 pp., ₹1,495. ISBN 9780190130206 (hardcover).","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"144 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Drivers of Vulnerability Among Disadvantaged Internal Migrants in Riverbank Erosion Prone Areas in North-West Bangladesh","authors":"M. E. Kabir, P. Kamruzzaman","doi":"10.1177/09731741221078741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221078741","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh frequently suffers from acute riverbank erosions and, as a result, every year a large number of people internally migrate to new places mainly in search of livelihoods. While very few studies focus on the multifaceted nature of vulnerability experienced from riverbank erosions, the present study examines to what extent different drivers of vulnerability affect socio-economically disadvantaged internal migrants living in riverbank erosion-prone areas in Bangladesh. Empirical evidence from two north-western riverbank erosion-prone districts in Bangladesh demonstrates that the disadvantaged internal migrants and their household members were exposed to a range of vulnerabilities connected to economic, institutional, infrastructural, environmental, and social drivers. It is contended that evidently there are different types of vulnerability some of which are perceived to be more severe than others in the study areas. This study, therefore, suggests extending some specific support programmes including income generation schemes, access to institutional credit for the landless, improved inexpensive means of transportation, and improved communication. This article also proposes improving rural infrastructure including irrigation facilities, inexpensive transportation means for agricultural inputs or other farming materials, reasonable prices for daily necessities, and improved health care benefits.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"57 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44874069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Erik De Maaker and Meenal Tula. 2020. Unequal Land Relations in Northeast India: Custom, Gender and Market","authors":"Debojyoti Das","doi":"10.1177/09731741211025363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741211025363","url":null,"abstract":"Erik De Maaker and Meenal Tula. 2020. Unequal Land Relations in Northeast India: Custom, Gender and Market. Guwahati: NESRC. 178 pp., ₹150, $10, E8. ISBN: 978-81-943578-5-8.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"141 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural Violence and Normalising Human Suffering: Labour Migration During the COVID Pandemic in India","authors":"P. Deshingkar","doi":"10.1177/09731741221077496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221077496","url":null,"abstract":"The abrupt lockdown imposed by the Indian government at the start of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020 led to unprecedented scenes of human suffering. Millions of migrant workers were suddenly made redundant, evicted from their rented accommodation and unable to travel to their villages. The Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy reports that the Consumer Pyramid Survey for April 2020 showed a drop of 122 million workers, and 75% of them were small traders and wage labourers (Vyas, 2020). A majority of those made jobless and stranded were circular, inter-state, labour migrants from the relatively under-developed northern and eastern states of the country such as Bihar, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, working in and around major cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Surat and Kochi. Many belonged to lower castes and other marginalized groups including minorities and Adivasis . They worked in a range of occupations, mostly informal, such as helpers, assistants and packers, loaders, washers, cleaners, construction labour and domestic workers. Most were in the city to work and earn to send money to their families in the village or save for a better future for themselves. They stayed in the city for varying lengths of time ranging from a few months to several years with trips back home for major events and festivals. Although their jobs were precarious","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"134 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65349266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drought, Farm Output and Heterogeneity: Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"H. Majid","doi":"10.1177/09731741221075929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221075929","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the impact of canal water use and communal ethnic heterogeneity on farm output during droughts. Categorizing villages where only one language is spoken as homogenous, and using a dummy variable that takes a value of one for households that use both tube-well and canal water and is zero for those that rely solely on canal water, this article performs a least squares analysis. The data are the 2001–2002 round of the Pakistan Panel Household Survey (PPHS), which was conducted during one of the worst droughts in Pakistan’s history. The main results of this article show that the negative effect of drought increases in the proportion of households affected in the village. Moreover, farms that have diversified irrigation are better off compared to those relying only on canal water, especially when residing in ethnically heterogeneous villages. The article concludes with policy prescriptions based on the interplay of common water resources, ethnic heterogeneity and water management.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"32 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Judicial Fix for Forest Loss: The Godavarman Case and the Financialization of India’s Forests","authors":"Manju Menon, Kanchi Kohli","doi":"10.1177/09731741211061968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741211061968","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the setting up of large projects in forest areas can be undertaken only after government permission is obtained under the Forest (Conservation) Act (FCA) of 1980. Today, this approval process includes the enumeration and valuation of forest loss, and the financing of compensatory afforestation schemes to offset the loss. These procedures were designed through the orders and judgements of the Supreme Court of India in a set of cases that started in 1995 and continue to this day. These procedures are purportedly aimed to protect and restore forest ecologies in India. In this article we analyse the Supreme Court’s processes and orders between 1996 and 2006 which transformed the political ecology of forests in India. The judicial and expert discourses treated forest regulation and conservation as a techno-managerial exercise, separating it from social-ecological concerns such as historical dispossession of Adivasis and other forest-dependent people, and violent state suppression of diverse forms of forest management. The judicial interventions are instructive to understand the policy processes of green neoliberalism and the implications of the financialization of forests on environmental governance in India.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"414 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43877176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting Green Neoliberalism in India through the Lens of Market-Based Restoration and Reforestation Projects","authors":"Sarah Benabou, Arne Harms","doi":"10.1177/09731741211052197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741211052197","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction to the special issue revisits the idea of ‘green neoliberalism’ through the lens of market-based restoration and reforestation projects in India. Addressing the strategic role of forests as ‘carbon sinks’ and ‘service providers’ in today’s neoliberal reform projects, it contributes to a renewed attention to the material production of such (un)desired natures and their variegated realities. It argues that empirical accounts of how the reorganisation of forests is imagined, how it is implemented through specific programmes, and how it gets entangled into the multi-layered histories of people and places, are critical to understand the tensions but also the openings that neoliberal restructuring at the forested frontier entails. First, the article builds on sustained critiques of ‘green neoliberalism’ to retrace changes in global environmental politics over the last 30 years, stamped by the extended reach of the market both outward —through a performative discursive shift and quantification drives— and inward, as it now aims at subjecting practices, habits and emotions to relentless rounds of improving and enhancing. Second, it considers these developments against the background of India’s forest governance since the 1990s, which saw the emergence of the judiciary as a key institution to enforce environmental laws and countertrends to democratizing forest governance. In light of empirical data collected in the special issue, it asks to what degree instruments such as compensatory afforestation or carbon forestry constitute a departure from older forestry projects, and, in fine, the heuristics of neoliberalism as a category, taking issue with the all-powerfulness of India’s State Forest Departments, the long-standing exclusion of local communities, the use of forests as capital for elite bureaucracies, but also the currency and power of the developmental state in India.","PeriodicalId":44040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South Asian Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"327 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}