Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of technological parameters for obtaining mineral additives based on calcined clays and carbonate rocks for cement systems","authors":"A. Balykov, T. Nizina, S. Volodin","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-145-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-145-155","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction. The management of physical and chemical processes of structure formation of high performance cement composites can be provided at several scale levels through the use of modifiers of various nature and mechanism of action, in particular, micro- and nanoscale mineral additives of natural and technogenic origin. It is known that clays and carbonate rocks are promising raw materials to obtain mineral modifiers for cement systems. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence regularities of the prescription and technological parameters (material and granulometric compositions, temperature calcination) to obtain mineral additives based on calcined clays and carbonate rocks on their activity in cement systems. Methods and materials. Polymineral clays and carbonate rocks (dolomite and chalk) from several deposits of the Republic of Mordovia were used as raw materials for obtaining mineral additives. The specific surface area of modifiers was determined on the PSX-12 dispersion analysis device using the Kozeny-Carman method. The study of the granulometric composition of sedimentary rock powders was carried out by laser diffraction method. The research of physical-chemical processes occurring during the heat treatment of polymineral clays and carbonate rocks was carried out using the synchronous thermal analysis method. Optimization of calcination temperature of clay-carbonate mixtures was carried out based on the research results on the effect of their additives on the cement binder activity with the determination of the modifier activity index in accordance with the methodology of the Russian State Standard GOST R 56178-2014. Results and discussion. The optimum calcination temperature, located for polymineral clays in the area of 500–800 о C, was established according to the study results of dehydration processes of clay minerals using the synchronous thermal analysis. This temperature range corresponds to the initial restructuring processes in the crystal structure of minerals of the kaolinite and illite groups, associated with their dehydroxylation, which contributes to the transition of these phases to the active form. The study results of influence of additives of calcined clay-carbonate mixtures on the cement binder activity proved the thermal analysis data. It was found that calcination of clays and clay-carbonate mixtures at 700°C contributes to obtaining of the most effective mineral modifiers. Conclusions. On the totality of studies, regularities were revealed in the system “modifier composition – calcination temperature of sedimentary rocks – mixed binder activity”, which allow optimizing the prescription and technological parameters for obtaining mineral additives to achieve the required level of strength characteristics of cement composites.","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82615599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additives to reduce the flammability of polymers","authors":"I. Zaripov, I. Vikhareva, E. A. Buylova, T. V. Berestova, A. Mazitova","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-156-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-156-161","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction. This review article provides data on additives used to reduce the flammability of polymer compositions. It is shown that not individual substances are used for this purpose, but their mixtures, including flame retardants, synergists, and stabilizers. The principle of operation of flame retardants is that when the appropriate degree of concentration of flame retardants in the material is reached, they do not allow it to burn without the presence of an ignition source. Under the influence of fire on the processed material, various chemical and physical processes occur in it, preventing the flame from flaring up. Main part. The advantages and disadvantages of the main flame retardants currently used, which include antimony compounds, halogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing substances, as well as aluminum and magnesium hydroxides, are analyzed. Various mechanisms for slowing down combustion processes when flame retardants are used are considered. It has been shown that bromine-containing flame retardants are much more effective than chlorine-containing ones. They decompose in a narrow temperature range. In addi-tion, plastics containing bromine compounds as flame retardants are easily recycled due to the high thermal stability of such flame retardants. Phosphorus-containing compounds have a plasticizing ability and increase the fire resistance of plastic compounds. The action in the condensed phase is that during the decomposition of the flame retardant, phosphoric acid residues are formed, which act as dehydrating agents, contributing to the formation of carbonized structures. In this case, an aerosol can also be formed, which contributes to the deactivation of radicals due to the wall effect. Of particular interest are compounds containing halogen and phosphorus. The advantages of these compounds are as follows: by splitting off halogen radicals during decomposition, they deactivate active radicals; contribute to the formation of carbonized structures. Metal hydroxides decompose under the influence of high temperatures with the release of water. The decomposition reaction is endothermic, resulting in cooling of the substrate to temperatures below the flash point. The formation of water contributes to the dilution of combustible gases released during decomposition, weakens the effect of oxygen and reduces the rate of combustion. The effectiveness of hydroxides is directly proportional to their content in the polymer. The greatest efficiency is observed when aluminum hydroxide is introduced into oxygen-containing polymers (polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide). Magnesium hydroxide is more expensive than aluminum hydroxide, but has a higher heat resistance (up to 300 о C). Conclusion. Thus, among the listed flame retardants, aluminum and magnesium hydroxides occupy the first place in terms of the volume of use (more than 40% of the total volume of flame retardants). This is due to their low cost","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87718356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collagen Based Bio-Additives in Polymer Composites","authors":"A. Baldanov, L. Bokhoeva, D. Shalbuev, T. Tumurova","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-137-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-137-144","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction. Polymer composite materials (PCM) based on epoxy resins are widely used in the construction industry. They are applied in construction of bridge spans, roadway slabs, footwalk planks, in low-loaded structures, as well as for reinforcement of concrete structures, sheating, strengthening of metal and concrete structures. Various fillers of micro- and nanosizes are used to improve the performance properties of PCM. Interfacial interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix plays an important role in determining the strength of the created composite materials. Methods and materials. The article studies the properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with collagen based bio-additives obtained from solid organic waste of the leather industry. We have developed a fundamentally new method for obtaining a bioactive collagen product at a relatively low price, described in patent RU No. 2272808. Tensile studies of the PCM samples were carried out by adding dry collagen powder to an epoxy binder. We analyzed the sections of samples made on a JSM-6510LVJEOL scanning electron microscope, and studied the changes in the structure of PCM with fillers. Results and discussion. When 1% collagen is added to the PCM matrix, the amount of chemical elements is increasing: carbon (C) by 2.93%, oxygen (O) by 1.61%, magnesium (Mg) by 0.11%. And the number of micropores on the surface of the matrix, which serve as a stress concentrator, is decreasing by 4.9%, and they are also diminishing in size. The tensile tests have shown that when 1% collagen is added to the PCM matrix, the bearing capacity of the samples is increasing by 15.57%. The results obtained can contribute to the expansion of collagen application, waste reduction in the leather industry due to recycling. Conclusion. A fundamentally new method has been developed for obtaining a bioactive collagen product from solid organic waste of the leather industry at a relatively low price. It has been established that a bioactive collagen product in a powder form has a low cost and can be used as a bio-additive for PCM.","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77141580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-structural heterogeneity and activity of the surface of polymineral sand powders","authors":"M. Morozova, A. Ayzenshtadt, M. Akulova, M. Frolova","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-89-95","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction. The value of the specific surface ( S sp ), the degree of crystallinity (С, %) and surface activity ( k s ) plays an important role in creating various compositions. The increase in the size of S sp is associated with a change in the “С” of rock powders, the value of which characterizes the properties of fillers. The reactivity of the finely dispersed material can be determined by the value of k s , which allows quantifying transition of the potential energy into free surface energy by activating the surface of the raw material. Therefore, determining the functional relationship between the parameters characterizing the reactivity of rock powders is an urgent task. Methods and Materials. Four deposits of polymineral construction sands are selected as raw materials. To obtain fine powders, the samples were ground by dry dispersion. The specific surface area of rock systems was determined by gas sorption. Crystallinity was calculated from the X-ray diffractogram of the samples. Results and Discussion. The certain sizes of specific surfaces for highly dispersed rocks have shown, that deposits “Kenica” and “Nekhtskoye” possess the greatest values S sp . The study of the phase-structural heterogeneity of the samples, showed a significant increase of the content of the amorphous phase. At the same time, the degree of crystallinity for the sands “Kenica” and “Nekhtskoye” deposits decreases 25%. The functional relationship between the surface activity and the shares of the amorphous component ( c ) for highly dispersed sands was characterized by mathematical expression k s = 21 • 10 –6 • c +0,58 • 10 –6 . The identified dependence demonstrates the relationship between the parameters of the phase-structural heterogeneity and k s of fine-dispersed samples. Conclusion. The results obtained showed that mechanical dispersion contributes to the activation of raw materials. This is due to the breakability of the crystal structure of minerals and the texture of the raw materials. These characteristics are reflected in the value of the activity of the surface of fine-dispersed systems of the rocky rocks.","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77770761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic assessment of the use of nature-like nanotechnologies for the reengineering of the technosphere","authors":"V. Belozerov, M. Nikulin, V. Belozerov","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-119-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-2-119-136","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction. Recently, the term “nature-like technologies” has appeared in the everyday life of scientists and politicians, which quite deservedly include the so-called alternative energy sources (sun, wind, heat). At the same time, despite the fact that installations using these sources are “seasonal” and low concentrated, their use is rapidly and haphazardly developing, and many economists and politicians mistakenly consider them as basics, misleading business. Based on the analysis of the epistemology of the origin of the term \"nature-like technologies\", this article shows the groundlessness, and even the harm of the rapid and unsystematic use of wind turbines. Evidence is given of the inconsistency of the \"myths\" that Nature cannot cope with the compensation of the economic activity of mankind, therefore, according to Academician Sergeyev S.M., President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, \"reengineering of the technosphere\" is required. At the same time, modern economic science is far from taking into account in his models of the assimilation potentials of the biosphere of regions and the functions of entropy production in them, preferring to model various “cycles and modes”, as well as calculate different “coefficients” in order to predict “crises and equilibria”, without taking into account the interaction nature and society. In this connection, a scientific and technical task about determinating the “place of reengineering of the technosphere” in the structure of the life support systems of society, and, consequently, to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods, models and tools. To solve the tasks set, it is proposed to use the “retro-forecast method” of socio-economic losses from the introduction of “natural nanotechnologies”, using as “tools” the method of “spatio-temporal analysis”, model of the Leontief-Ford and adaptive taxation systems of “harm production”, the use of which in solving the problems of fire and environmental safety in the \"technospheres of the regions\" of the South of Russia (in road transport infrastructures, in cities and towns, in buildings and structures), proved their adequacy to the processes under study and usefulness. Results and discussion. The results of modeling the costs of efficiency of \"reengineering of the technosphere\" in Russia, in particular individual residential buildings, and a retro-forecast of changes in socio-economic and environmental losses during the autonomy of their resource supply (electric-ity, water and heat) are presented. It is shown that the production of domestic innovations in this area (“Shukhov’s” wind turbines, atmospheric water condensation devices and electric heating) will allow stopping the “total gasification” of rural settlements, as well as more economically than abroad, to implement decentralized supply of resources in Russia more than 10 million individual houses and about 40 million country houses, thus determining the “true place of alternative energy” in the structure","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83305067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) alkali-activated materials in construction: Fabrication and performance","authors":"Pengwei Dong, Jingyi Liu, Huiru Wang, Hongyan Yuan, Quan Wang","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82099297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of life support nanotechnologies into a replicated autonomous engineering system of an individual dwelling house","authors":"V. Belozerov, I. Voroshilov, S. Oleinikov, V. Belozerov","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-33-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-33-42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88434171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription and technological efficiency of sedimentary rocks of various composition and genesis in cement systems","authors":"A. Balykov, T. Nizina, V.M. Kyashkin, S. Volodin","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-53-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-53-61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72969185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the instrumental base for the control of greenhouse gases","authors":"E. Muravyova, E. Kulakova","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-62-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-62-69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84535991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-strength wall ceramics based on phosphorus slag and bentonite clay","authors":"Zhazira Suleimenov, A. Sagyndykov, Zhangazy N. Moldamuratov, G. M. Bayaliyeva, Z. Alimbayeva","doi":"10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-11-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2022-14-1-11-17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43938,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Construction-A Scientific Internet-Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77003005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}