Journal of Comprehensive Health最新文献

{"title":"Non Communicable Diseases: Challenge Ahead","authors":"G. K. Joardar","doi":"10.53553/jch.v04i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are of long duration and generally of slow progress. The four main groups of NCDs are Cardio-vascular diseases, Cancers, Chronic Respiratory diseases and Diabetes. The NCDs kill 38 million people worldwide annually (63% of global deaths). Almost three quarters of the NCD deaths (28 million) occur in the low and middle income countries. Sixteen million deaths due to NCDs are premature, occurring before the age of 70 years; and 82% of these premature deaths occur in the low and middle income countries. These four groups of diseases account for 82% of all NCD deaths: cardiovascular diseases 17.5 million, cancers 8.2 million, chronic respiratory diseases 4 million and diabetes 1.5 million. In India, 60% of all deaths are attributable to NCDs, making them the leading cause of death- ahead of injuries and communicable, maternal, prenatal, and nutritional conditions. The NCDs account for about 40% of all hospital stays and roughly 35% of all recorded outpatient visits in India. The globalization of unhealthy life styles, which are recognized as the modifiable risk factors, like tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets are the key factors that increase the risk of dying from the NCDs. The unhealthy behaviours lead to four key metabolic/ physiological changes (called the intermediate risk factors of NCDs) i.e. raised blood pressure, overweight/ obesity, raised blood glucose and dyslipidaemia that increase the risk of NCDs. The underlying determinants of NCDs mainly exist in non-health sectors, such as agriculture, urban development, education and trade. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading metabolic risk factor globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 18% of global deaths are attributed), followed by overweight and obesity and raised blood glucose. Tobacco accounts for around 6 million deaths every year and is projected to increase to 8 million by 2030. About 3.2 million deaths annually can be attributed to insufficient physical activity. In 2010, 1.7 million annual deaths from cardio vascular causes have been attributed to excess salt intake. More than 3.3 million annual deaths are attributed to harmful drinking of alcohol.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of secondary data for usefulness and utility of Health Management Information System.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, A. Bansal, Sanjay Mankotia, Srikant Prasad Tripathy, A. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.53553/jch.v04i02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health Management Information System (HMIS) is a coordinated effort to improve the decision making for reorienting health care services to a large populace. Since its adoption and its revitalization its use in primary health care was assessed for usefulness and utility. Methods: Study was carried out at Community Health Centre (CHC), Haroli, Una, Himachal Pradesh. Standardized reporting formats for every month was collated and analyzed at Primary Health Centre (PHC) Level for year 2011, 2012, and 2013. Results: In year 2003 with an average pregnancy registration of 20/1000 population study area exhibited high rate and an increasing trend across all the PHCs. An interesting mismatch was observed when the reported birth rate was 3.2/1000 population in year 2013 which was relatively very low against pregnancy registration. Most of the deliveries have happened at home and have been conducted by the Non-Skill Birth Attendants. Overall and even across all the PHCs, the poor sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) at birth is reported. Conclusion: Good maternal and child health (MCH) and sex ratio at birth were observed. Computed indicators revealed a mismatch like low birth rate despite the high rate of antenatal registration and care over three years which required to be studied for underlying determinants.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116050180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Anti hypertensive Drug Compliance among Hypertensive Individuals at Ashok Nagar Urban Area of Eluru, Andhra Pradesh","authors":"K. Sekhar, E. Sharma, K. U. M. Rao, C. Chaitanya, B.V.Harsha Vardhan Reddy, P. Deotale","doi":"10.53553/jch.v04i01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a chronic condition and has got significant role in the development of coronary heart disease, stroke and other vascular complications. To prevent some of the complications of hypertension regular intake of the prescribed treatment in the form of medicines (pills) is essential. Objectives: 1.To knows about the compliance of medication among hypertensive individuals of urban area of Eluru. 2. To find the demographic variables and other factors association with compliance in the study population. Materials and Methods: The present community based cross sectional study was conducted at Ashoknagar area of Eluru during the period from June 2013 to August 2013. Medication compliance (adherence) was calculated as the proportion of days covered for filled prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs. A total of 132 individuals were selected from Ashoknagar area of Eluru using simple random method. Importance of the study was explained to the participants and informed consent was taken. Results were analyzed and necessary statistical tests like proportions and chi square tests were applied. Results: Out of 132 individuals, no one of already diagnosed individuals in the age group of 20-30 years in our study. Compliance among hypertensive individuals was 74%. Compliance criteria in our study was those who taken medicines regularly 6 days out of 7 days in a week. Compliance was good among female sex and house wives and this association was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: based on the above study results, good compliance was seen among females and also in allopathic system of medicine users. Females were more adherences towards their medication. Good compliance of anti hypertensive drugs reduces the incidence of hypertension associated mortality and morbidity.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125777309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Polio free World – the End Game Plan","authors":"Dipankar Mukherjee","doi":"10.53553/jch.v04i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Poliomyelitis, the dreaded cause of lameness, was ravaging the world in 1988; when more than 125 countries were endemic with the disease and about 350,000 new cases were reported every year. It could have been fanciful to consider eradicating the disease in any future. It was a resolve bold enough at the 41st World Health Assembly then to do it. The disease did provide epidemiological opportunities to make it a possible candidate for eradication and the idea was first realized soon in 1997; when the American region was certified as polio free; the last case being reported from Peru in 1994 (Louis Fermin Tenorio). Other regions did not fall short much; Mum Chanty of Cambodia was the last case from Western Pacific region in 1997 and the region was certified as polio free subsequently in the year 2000. Europe was the third region in the list; Melik Minas from Turkey had the disease in 1999; and the region got the same certificate in 2002.Meanwhile the story in India and South East Asian region was more protracted. Of the three types of polio viruses, the weakest one, wild type 2 was reported last from Aligarh in India in 1999. But it took another thirteen years to put a stop to the next type, wild type 3 (Pakistan in 2012). The last wild polio virus case of India and South East Asia region (onset on January 13) was found at Howrah in 2011 when poor Ruksar Khatun had contacted the disease. In 2012 India was declared no longer a polio endemic country. Later on the South East Asian region was certified as polio free on March 27, 2014. But in Africa and two countries of Eastern Mediterranean region ( Pakistan and Afghanistan ) transmission of wild polio virus continued. On July 24, 2014 last wild polio virus of Africa was detected in Nigeria. Subsequently the country interrupted wild polio virus transmission and was declared non endemic in 2015 leaving only two countries from the 125 when the journey had started. The latest of such glorious milestones was achieved when WHO certified that type 2 wild polio virus has been eradicated on September 20, 2015. The success story in India has been lauded greatly by the international community as technically speaking; the scenario had been most challenging in this country. But elsewhere, like in Afghanistan and Nigeria, things still pose problem – a huge number of children are still unreachable and the health workers being targeted with physical assaults even in 2012 and 2013.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122598344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Coverage and Compliance of Mass Drug Administration under Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis Program in Malda District, West Bengal","authors":"Louis Tirkey, D. Sengupta, Subhrajyoti Naskar, Sarmistha Ghosh, Md. Naimul Hoque, M. Goswami, N. Mandal","doi":"10.53553/jch.v04i02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. Evaluation of mass drug administration (MDA) is done internally by the health authorities and externally by independent agencies. This paper reports the findings of evaluation of MDA conducted in Malda district of West Bengal state in May-June 2015. Objectives: To assess the Coverage & Compliance rates of MDA against lymphatic filariasis and to study the factors influencing non-coverage and non-compliance in Malda district. Materials & Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected rural blocks and one municipality. Family was the unit of sampling in the current MDA coverage survey. 30 families in each of four clusters were taken as samples. Cluster sampling technique was adopted. The data was collected in a pre-designed semi-structured proforma from 120 households. Results: 564 eligible population 120 families were studied and 50.53% of them were males. Predominant respondents were male (92%) with average age 40.7 years. The Diethylcarbamazine citrate plus Albendazole coverage rate was 95% and the compliance rate was 71.6%. The major reason for non–compliance was due to fear of side effects amounting to 58%. Only 4 persons reported adverse effects after drug consumption. Conclusion: Though distribution was high, many people were not consuming drugs. Consumption was not properly supervised and there was misconception prevailed among workers about time of consumption. A high level of motivation and commitment from the drug distributors with adequate training is required for ensuring a high coverage and compliance rates. Supervision should be strengthened to improve consumption and misconception should be eliminated through training.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125537090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Write and Publish Your Article: Guidelines to the Young Researchers","authors":"S. Mallik","doi":"10.53553/jch.v05i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v05i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Publication of article is an integral part of a research. Writing an article and publishing in an index journal is not an easy task for a young researcher, who also needs to publish for their career advancement. There is no dearth of resource materials, but the topic of scientific writing is a neglected phenomenon in the medical graduate course curriculum, nor there a hands on training. Before writing there should be a thoughtful planning regarding content, type of article and resource materials. Originality of the content, valid study design and well constructed manuscript are the prerequisites for publication. Selection of right journals is critically based on the target audience and area of activity and strict adherence to the guidelines to the authors also prevents outright rejection. The peer review process is sometimes time consuming, but perseverance through the whole process is the mainstay of publication.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"1612 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130985239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of the clinical departments of a medical college in a rural area in the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in India","authors":"T. Sarkar, I. Ghosh, A. Mukherjee","doi":"10.53553/jch.v05i01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v05i01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In addition to their role in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, medical colleges are involved in imparting knowledge and skills to the future generation of medical doctors. In order that RNTCP runs smoothly, it is important that all clinical departments are involved in RNTCP and manage their TB patients according to their guidelines. Objectives: To assess the attendance of TB cases at the clinical departments of a medical college and the categorizing practices of these departments reflecting their involvement in RNTCP. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the NBMC between August and October 2015. Data on patients diagnosed as tuberculosis and categorized as per RNTCP in the clinical departments of the medical college were collected from the office of the MO-TC using pretested schedules and analyzed. Results: Of the 230 diagnosed cases, 83 were diagnosed at the chest and 147 at the other non-chest departments. Most of the pulmonary TB cases were diagnosed by the chest department (61.9%) but most of the extra-pulmonary cases were diagnosed by the non-chest departments (82.7%). Most of the cases of tuberculosis, and that were diagnosed at the chest department were categorized and treatment initiated by the same department. In non-chest departments categorization was done in 81.1% of pulmonary and 64.5% of extra-pulmonary cases. Discussion and Conclusions: Students at the non-chest departments are not being acquainted with the treatment protocols and categorization principles of RNTCP. Only by actively associating with it, can doctors in the making be encouraged to follow RNTCP in actual practice.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128088161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic safe water and changes in severity of arsenical symptoms","authors":"K. Majumdar, M. Goyal","doi":"10.53553/jch.v04i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Limited information is available in the literature regarding the long-term effect of chronic arsenic toxicity after stoppage of consumption of arsenic-containing water. Treatment options for the management symptoms of chronic arsenicosis are also limited. Mitigation option available for dealing with the health problem of ground water arsenic contamination rests mainly on supply of arsenic safe water in arsenic endemic region of Indo-Bangladesh subcontinent. The current study was therefore done to study the prevalence of arsenicosis and to assess the effect of drinking arsenic safe water (<50µg/L) on disease manifestation of arsenicosis. Manifestations of various skin lesions and systemic diseases associated with chronic arsenic exposure was ascertained initially by carrying on baseline study on 191 families having 1097 family members along with 44 children studying in Chouduar Primary School in Chouduar village of Malda District of West Bengal. The study population was taking water solely from a particular Chouduar primary school tube well with arsenic level >50 µg/L. The base line study findings were compared objectively at the end of six months follow up period after installation of a community filter at the Chouduar primary school tube well. Around 11.36% of school children had clinical features of suspected arsenicosis with mild keratosis either in the palm or sole. The prevalence was more common in males. 15.8% of the remaining study population was having one or more dermatological and non dermatological manifestations of arsenicosis and there was 1.94% decrease in prevalence of non dermatological manifestations without any change in dermatological manifestations after taking arsenic safe water at the end of 6 months of follow up study. Around 70% of population was not aware about adverse health effects of arsenicosis and not taking animal protein regularly.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129730261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular morbidity pattern and its risk factors: A study among rural population of West Bengal","authors":"Prianka Mukhopadhyay, I. Dey, Sonali Sain","doi":"10.53553/jch.v05i01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v05i01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Visual impairment resulting from infectious diseases has declined by public health efforts but cataract and refractive errors still continue as major causes of blindness. Moreover, ageing & life style diseases also contribute to large number of blindness. Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the ocular morbidity pattern and the risk factors among rural population of West Bengal. Material & Methods: A community based, descriptive, observational study was conducted in Hariharpur PHC. One subcentre was chosen purposively and three villages under the subcentre were chosen randomly. The study population comprised of all persons residing in those villages for at least one year. Door to door visit was conducted for screening of eye problems and then detailed examination was carried out in the PHC by ophthalmic assistant. Subjects requiring specialist consultation were referred. Results: Difficulty with vision was the commonest complain followed by watering, burning and itching sensation, pain and redness. Refractive errors (myopia & hypermetropia) were the commonest morbidity among all age groups followed by cataract and allergic conjunctivitis. Cataract was found to be significantly associated with diabetes and hypertension (P=0.001) and allergic conjunctivitis was associated significantly with hypertension (P=0.007). Interestingly quite a high proportion of the patients with visual complaints could be detected and managed at the PHC level . So simple screening for eye disorders and utilization of trained ophthalmic assistants can enable early detection of eye conditions, prompt treatment and early referral.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115930711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic Mastectomy: A boon or bane?","authors":"K. Annadurai, Geetha Mani, R. Danasekaran","doi":"10.53553/jch.v05i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53553/jch.v05i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, breast cancer is the second most common cancer next only to lung cancer and a major public health challenge to women’s health. Worldwide, breast cancer affects 1.3 million women every year which represents 23% of all cancers in women. It is estimated that by 2030 the global burden of breast cancer will increase to over 2 million new cases per year. Unlike other cancers, breast cancer is treatable if detected at an early stage. Management of women who carry a high lifetime risk for breast cancer is always an issue of debate. A number of risk-reducing treatment options with varying efficacy exist, including regular surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) or Risk reducing mastectomy (RRM) remains a controversial procedure as a preventive tool against breast cancer. More women are opting for prophylactic mastectomy as a risk reducing strategy for breast cancer. Prophylactic mastectomy is appropriate only for a small proportion of women who are at high risk for breast cancer. Patient misconceptions about recurrence risk and fear have been implicated in the increase in prophylactic procedures. Other possible reasons for the rise in prophylactic mastectomy are highly sensitive breast cancer screening methods, which diagnose breast cancer at earlier stages, and improved breast reconstruction techniques. With this background this paper aims to analyze the pros and cons of preventive mastectomy.","PeriodicalId":439371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126988676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}