International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research最新文献

{"title":"Optimal KAATSU pressure increases muscle activities during low-load exercise in an elderly female frail patient receiving transcatheter aortic valve implantation","authors":"Ishizaka H, Uematsu A, Takahashi R, Ogawa H, S. I, Sawaguchi T, Nasuno T, Toyoda S, Yamaguchi S, Y. T., S. Y, Fukuda H, Inoue T, Nakajima T","doi":"10.3806/ijktr.15.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.15.5","url":null,"abstract":"[Purpose] KAATSU training is a method that increases muscle activity even at low loads. In this study, we examined how different KAATSU pressure modulates elbow flexor activities during low-load elbow flexion and extension in an elderly female frail patient. [Method] A 89-year-old female patient who had repeated hospitalization due to chronic heart failure and undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis participated in this study. The participant performed a series of right elbow flexion and extension with a 500g weight wound around the right wrist joint and surface electromyograms (EMG) of right biceps brachii (BB) and brachioradialis (BR) were recorded. The exercises conditions were in control (without KAATSU, KAATSU 0), 120 SKU (KAATSU 120) and 150 SKU (KAATSU 150) on the proximal part of right upper limb. The number of exercises was 20 trials x 3 sets for each condition. We recorded muscle strength of maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) measured with a hand-held dynamometer before the start of each condition. EMG was expressed as %MVC and averaged for flexion and extension phase in each condition. A rate of perceived exertion (RPE) after each set was measured by the Borg Scale. the flexion RPE An elderly female patient who showed that muscle activity under KAATSU 120 was the highest during low-load elbow flexion and extension exercises, while RPE was second highest. These results suggest that an appropriate KAATSU pressure will increase muscle activity during low-load exercise while minimize an increase of participant’s burden.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114787970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history and future of KAATSU Training","authors":"Yoshiaki Sato","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"KAATSU training involves the restriction of blood flow to exercising muscle and is the culmination of nearly 40 years of experimentation with the singular purpose of increasing muscle mass. KAATSU Training consists of performing low-intensity resistance training while a relatively light and flexible cuff is placed on the proximal part of one's lower or upper limbs, which provides appropriate superficial pressure. KAATSU Training should not be confused with training under ischemic conditions which has previously been reported (Sundberg, 1994). KAATSU Training does not induce ischemia within skeletal muscle, but rather promotes a state of blood pooling in the capillaries within the limb musculature. Applied basic and clinical research conducted over the past 10 years has demonstrated that KAATSU Training not only improves muscle mass and strength in healthy volunteers, but also benefits patients with cardiovascular and orthopedic conditions.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of neuromuscular adaptations of skeletal muscle to KAATSU Training","authors":"M. Karabulut, T. Abe, Yoshiaki Sato, M. Bemben","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscle adapts to a progressive overload, but the response can vary between different modes and intensities of exercise. Generally, a minimal threshold intensity of 65% of the one repetition maximum (1-RM) is needed to elicit muscle hypertrophy; however, recent studies have challenged this hypothesis and have provided evidence that low-intensity training (LIT) combined with vascular restriction (KAATSU) may also elicit increases in muscle size and strength. The physiological aspects of applying vascular restriction during exercise are not fully understood and may be explained by several factors. Examining the results of previous studies may help elucidate the factors responsible for the adaptations associated with vascular restriction in humans. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to summarize current knowledge regarding the physiological adaptations of skeletal muscle after low-intensity exercise combined with vascular restriction, the different training protocols used to elicit adaptations, and suggested areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KAATSU-walk training increases serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in young men","authors":"M. Beekley, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Abe","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.1.77","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that high intensity resistance training causes increases in bone density and increases in serum measures of bone turnover like bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP). Medium intensity or low intensity training (like walking) does not result in these changes. However, low intensity training with blood flow restriction (KAATSU) has shown promise in bone and muscle rehabilitation settings. We hypothesized that there would be increases in serum BAP following low intensity KAATSU walk training. Healthy men walked on a treadmill twice per day (at least 4 hours between sessions) for 3 weeks with (KAATSU; n=9) or without (Control; n=9) blood flow occlusion pressure belts on their thighs. After three weeks of training, the KAATSU group experienced significant increases in MRI-measured muscle CSA (P<0.01), 1-RM muscle strength (P<0.01), and serum BAP levels (P<0.05). Percent change in BAP was 10.8% for the KAATSU-walk and 0.3% for the Control-walk. There was no significant change in serum IGF-1 for either group. We conclude that 3 weeks KAATSU walk training increases BAP, a serum marker of bone turnover.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122593930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-intensity kaatsu resistance exercises using an elastic band enhance muscle activation in patients with cardiovascular diseases","authors":"T. Fukuda, T. Yasuda, Kazuya Fukumura, H. Iida, T. Morita, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle wasting results from sarcopenia due to aging and from cachexia caused by diseases such as chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, chronic kidney disease and other diseases (Thomas 2007). Above all, CHF is a disease of remarkable muscle wasting, and preventing it by exercise training is important. Nakajima et al. (2010) recently reported that low-intensity kaatsu resistance exercises safely increase the muscle strength/mass and endurance capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease. Kaatsu training using a low-intensity resistance exercise appears to be a promising and useful resistance method for cardiac rehabilitation. According to the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, the conditions for inducing muscle hypertrophy and increasing muscle mass are as follows: (1) More than 65-70% work load of one repetition maximum (1-RM) is needed. (2) Three to four sets until exhaustion. (3) Frequency is two-three times per week. However, such high-intensity loads cannot be applied to patients with diseases, especially to patients with cardiovascular diseases and to elderly patients. In the past decade, several studies have reported that muscle hypertrophy can be produced with low-intensity (20–30% 1-RM) kaatsu training, regardless of age (Takarada et al. 2000; Abe et al. 2006; Fujita et al. 2007). As this type of exercise does not require lifting heavy weights, it might be a feasible method for cardiac rehabilitation requiring resistance exercise (Pollock et al. 2000; Balady et al. 2007). As an elastic band is inexpensive, compact, and easy to use compared with machines/free weights, elastic band resistance training is feasible for use in homebased training programs for older subjects or for patients with a lower level of activity (Zion et al. 2003; Ribeiro et al. 2009; Colado et al. 2010). We examined the effects of low-intensity kaatsu exercise using an elastic band for resistance on muscle activation in patients with cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131752975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased muscle volume and strength following six days of low-intensity resistance training with restricted muscle blood flow","authors":"T. Fujita, W. Brechue, K. Kurita, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Abe","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional high-intensity resistance training performed 2-3 times per week induces muscle hypertrophy, at least, in 5 weeks (i.e. 10-15 training sessions). To examine the effect of a higher training frequency (12 sessions in 6 days), healthy young men performed low-intensity resistance training with (n=8, LIT-BFR) and without (n=8, LIT-CON) leg blood flow restriction with cuff inflation (BFR) twice per day for 6 days. Training involved 4 sets of knee extension exercise (75 total contractions) at 20% 1-RM. Significant muscle hypertrophy was observed only in the LIT-BFR group as estimated muscle-bone cross-sectional area (CSA) (2.4%), MRI-measured mid-thigh quadriceps muscle CSA (3.5%) and quadriceps muscle volume (3.0%) increased. The resulting hypertrophic potential (% change in muscle size divided by number of training sessions; ∼0.3% per session) is similar to previously reported traditional high-intensity training (0.1 to 0.5% per session). Improved 1-RM knee extension strength (6.7%) following LIT-BFR training was accounted for by increased muscle mass as relative strength (1-RM/CSA) did not change. There was no apparent muscle damage associated with the exercise training as blood levels of creatine kinase, myoglobin, and interleukin-6 remained unchanged throughout the training period in both training groups. A single bout of training exercise with and without BFR produced no signs of blood clotting as plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragment 1,2 and D-dimer were unchanged. In conclusion, changes in muscle mass and strength following 6-day (12 sessions) of low-intensity resistance training requires BFR to produce responses comparable to the effect of several weeks of high-intensity resistance training.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"405 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123201802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eight days KAATSU-resistance training improved sprint but not jump performance in collegiate male track and field athletes","authors":"T. Abe, K. Kawamoto, T. Yasuda, C. Kearns, T. Midorikawa, Yoshiaki Sato","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term KAATSU-resistance training on skeletal muscle size and sprint/jump performance in college athletes. Fifteen male track and field college athletes were randomly divided into two groups: KAATSU (resistive exercise combined with blood flow restriction, n=9) and control (n=6) groups. The KAATSU group trained twice daily with squat and leg curl exercises (20% of 1-RM, 3 sets of 15 repetitions) for 8 consecutive days while both KAATSU and control groups participated in the regular sprint/jump training sessions. Maximal strength, muscle-bone CSA, mid-thigh muscle thickness (MTH), and sprint/jump performance were measured before and after the 8 days of training. The muscle-bone CSA increased 4.5% (p 0.05) in the control group. Quadriceps and hamstrings MTH increased (p 0.05) in the control group. Overall 30-m dash times improved (p 0.05) for either the KAATSU or control groups. These data indicated that eight days of KAATSU-training improved sprint but not jump performance in collegiate male track and field athletes.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117197016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-intensity KAATSU resistance training on skeletal muscle size/strength and endurance capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease","authors":"T. Nakajima, Miwa Kurano, F. Sakagami, H. Iida, Kazuya Fukumura, T. Fukuda, Haruhito Takano, Haruhiko Madarame, Takahiko Yasuda, T. Nagata, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Yamasoba, T. Morita","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"KAATSU training induces muscle hypertrophy and strengthens muscle in athletes and healthy subjects through short-term and low-intensity exercise. However, it remains uninvestigated whether lowintensity KAATSU resistance training (LIKRT) induces muscle strength and hypertrophy in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We examined the effects of LIKRT on skeletal muscle size/strength and endurance capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Seven male patients with stable IHD performed three kinds of resistance exercises (leg press, leg curl and leg extension) with their femoral muscle blood flow restricted by KAATSU belt two times/week for three months. We measured one RM (1-RM) in each resistance exercises, and evaluated muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) by MRI before training and after the training. We used cardiopulmonary examinations to measure endurance capacity (Peak VO2 (VO2peak), VO2 at anaerobic threshold (VO2AT)). We performed blood sampling to measure resting plasma level of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). LIKRT significantly increased leg press (15%), leg curl (18%) and leg extension (17%) 1-RM strength. Increases of muscle CSA in quadriceps femoris at the proximal lower leg (30%), the mid-thigh (50%), and the proximal lower leg (70%) were 5.1%, 4.6% and 10.4%, respectively. Similarly, hamstring and adductor CSA were also increased by LIKRT. LIKRT significantly increased VO2peak and VO2AT by 10.7% and 10.9%, respectively. IGF-1 and hsCRP were not altered before or after the training. These results suggest that LIKRT increases muscle strength/mass and endurance capacity in patients with IHD. LIKRT appears to be a promising and effective resistance method in cardiac rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129359061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KAATSU training® in a case of patients with periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)","authors":"H. Iwashita, T. Morita, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.10.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.10.7","url":null,"abstract":"PVL is a disorder reported by Banker et al. in 1962. It occurs most commonly in premature infants, mainly those born at less than 32 weeks of gestation. It is a lesion with periventricular necrosis as its major component. Since the corticospinal tracts pass through the periventricular white matter, spastic paraplegia develops that is particularly severe in the lower limbs. The severity of the disability or impairment can vary, including severe impairment such as dragging of feet when walking, inability to sit, inability to walk, and inability to swallow. Intellectual impairment is also seen in many cases. There is currently no effective treatment. We report here a case of PVL in which KAATSU training was effective for spastic quadriplegia. In addition, we compared the effectiveness of shortterm KAATSU training with that of intensive physical therapy using data in the literature.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"97 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122560111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pediatric case with an unstabilized neck treated with skeletal muscle electrical stimulation and KAATSU training","authors":"H. Iwashita","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.11.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.11.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116927643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}