International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of 24 weeks of KAATSU resistance training on femoral muscle size and safety in a 84-year-old woman.","authors":"T. Yasuda, Kazuya Fukumura, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/ijktr.15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.15.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective] It is well known that KAATSU resistance training can produce muscle hypertrophy without deteriorating cardiovascular system in older adults. However, it is unclear whether KAATSU resistance training exceeding 12 weeks were a highly safe and effective training method for improvement of skeletal muscle mass in older adults. We examined effect of 24 weeks of KAATSU resistance training on femoral muscle size and its safety for older adult. [Methods] The subject was an 84-year-old woman (standing height 153 cm and body weight 46 kg). The KAATSU resistance training was provided for a total of 48 sessions over 24 weeks. Training intensity and volume were set at 20% or 30% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and 75 repetitions for knee extension and leg press exercises, respectively. Mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured by MRI scan before, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the training. The maximal strength, chair-stand test, hemodynamic parameters, arterial stiffness, coagulation system and muscle damage were also measured. [Results] Quadriceps muscle CSA, 1-RM strength and chair-stand test increased throughout 24week training period. On the other hand, there were no changes in body weight, hemodynamic parameters (except for systolic blood pressure), arterial compliance coagulation system and muscle damage throughout the training period. [Conclusion] The 24 weeks of KAATSU resistance training may be a highly safe and effective training method for improvement of skeletal muscle mass in older adults. Key word: blood flow restriction, muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, sarcopenia, thigh muscle Corresponding Author: Tomohiro Yasuda, Ph.D. School of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University 3453, Mikatahara, Kita-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 433-8558, Japan E-Mail: tomohiro-y@seirei. ac.jp Phone: +81-53-439-1417 Fax: +81-53-439-1406 See end of article for authors’ affiliations CASE REPORT Int. J. KAATSU Training Res. 2019; 15: 1-4 1) School of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan 2) Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 3) Kanto Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Tokyo, Japan 4) Center for KAATSU Research at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA CW6_A2051D02.indd 1 2020/03/05 16:23:08 2 Effect of 24 weeks of KAATSU resistance training on femoral muscle size and safety in a 84-year-old woman. amine effect of a 24-week KAATSU training on femoral muscle size and safety for older adult. 2. Subject A 84-year-old woman (standing height, 153 cm) participated in this study. She had no participated in resistance-type training prior to the study, and was free of overt chronic disease as assessed by medical history, physical examination, and complete chemistry and hematologic evaluation. The principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines for USE of Human Subjects were adopted in thi","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132373107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of KAATSU training on thigh muscle size and safety for a patient with knee meniscectomy over 3 years","authors":"T. Yasuda, S. Oosumi, Shinpei Sugimoto, T. Morita, Yoshiaki Sato, Masanori Ishii, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.13.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.13.11","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that knee meniscectomy is one of the major knee surgeries, which induces thigh muscle atrophy (Akima and Furukawa, 2005; Ericsson et al., 2006). In general, traditional high-intensity exercise training (≥ 70% 1-repetition maximum: 1RM) improves skeletal muscle morphology and function (ACSM, 2009), but it appears that this method is not practical and may even be dangerous in patients with knee meniscectomy. On the other hand, KAATSU training (≤ 30% 1RM) can produce muscle hypertrophy and does not decrease vascular function (Ozaki et al., 2013; Yasuda et al., 2015; Yasuda et al., 2016). Additionally, recent studies (Nakajima et al., 2015; Hiraizumi et al., 2016) reported that KAATSU training is quite useful as a rehabilitation method in disorder of bone (femoral head avascular necrosis, femoral medial condyle osteonecrosis). However, it is unclear whether thigh muscle size after knee meniscectomy can be improved with KAATSU training. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine effect of KAATSU training on thigh muscle size and safety for a patient with knee meniscectomy.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127512753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-intensity resistance KAATSU training on respiratory and circulatory dynamics in healthy young men","authors":"Hayato Ishizaka, Yuta Mizushima, A. Uematsu, Mitsuki Hirota, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Mizushima, Shigeru Toyoda, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/ijktr.17.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.17.1","url":null,"abstract":"[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the respiratory and circulatory dynamics and subjective exercise intensity (RPE) during light-load resistance exercise with and without KAATSU and high-load resistance exercise without KAATSU, and to confirm the safety of KAATSU training. [Method] Ten adult healthy males were included in this study. The trials consisted of 15 times x 3 sets of leg extension exercises with light-load (20% 1RM) with and without KAATSU and high- load (60% 1RM) without KAATSU. We evaluated respiratory and circulatory dynamics by using breath gas analysis and cardiac output measurement, and RPE of respiratory distress and lower limb fatigue in each trial. [Results] The index of respiratory and circulatory dynamics was quite higher in high-load exercise than in the light-load exercise with and without KAATSU,but did not differ between with and without KAATSU in light-load resistance exercise. The RPE increased as the set progressed, and the RPE of the third set in the high-load without KAATSU was higher than in light-load resistance exercise with or without KAATSU. [Conclusion] Light-load KAATSU training had less physical and subjective burden because the change in respiratory circulation and RPE was lower, compared with high-load resistance exercise.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU","authors":"H. Iida, Haruhito Takano, K. Meguro, Kenichi Asada, H. Oonuma, T. Morita, Miwa Kurano, F. Sakagami, K. Uno, K. Hirose, T. Nagata, K. Takenaka, J. Suzuki, Y. Hirata, T. Furuichi, F. Eto, R. Nagai, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"KAATSU training is a novel method for strength training to induce muscle strength and hypertrophy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU. Ultrasonography, echocardiography and impedance cardiography were performed in ten healthy male volunteers aged 34 ± 1.5 before (pre), during and after (post) pressurization on both legs with KAATSU belts placed around proximal portion of both legs. The parameters measured were as follows; the superficial femoral arterial blood flow, left ventricular end-diastolic/systolic dimension (LVDd/LVDs), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), diameter of inferior vena cava (IVC), heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (mBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The pressurization on both legs with KAATSU suppressed venous blood flow, and markedly induced pooling of blood into the legs with pressure-dependent reduction of femoral arterial blood flow. The application of 200 mmHg KAATSU decreased femoral arterial blood flow, LVDd, CO, SV and IVC significantly. HR tended to increase, and TPR increased significantly, but mBP did not change significantly. In addition, high frequency (HFRR), a marker of parasympathetic activity, decreased during KAATSU, while LFRR/HFRR, a quantitative marker of sympathetic autonomic nervous activity, increased significantly. These results indicate that the application of KAATSU on both legs induces venous pooling in the legs, and then inhibits venous return. The reduction of venous return causes a decrease of IVC diameter, cardiac size and stroke volume with an increase in TPR and LFRR/HFRR. Thus, the KAATSU training appears to become a useful method for potential countermeasure like lower body negative pressure (LBNP) against orthostatic intolerance for long-term bed rest or space flight as well as strength training to induce muscle strength and hypertrophy.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115550674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of KAATSU training on a patient with benign fasciculation syndrome","authors":"Y. Uchida, T. Morita, Kazuya Fukumura, T. Otsuka, T. Fukuda, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.8.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.8.9","url":null,"abstract":"Fasciculation can be seen in healthy people, especially after high-intensity exercise, but is also observed in patients with severe neuromuscular diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and thus should be considered in differential diagnosis. Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) is a benign disease characterized by fasciculation as a prominent symptom, such as pain, anxiety, fatigability, and paresthesia, and often lasts for several months to years (Fettel et al., 1982). Major causes of BFS include severe stress and anxiety. For treatment, exercise therapy may be performed, but no effective rehabilitation program has been established. KAATSU exercise, a novel, attention-drawing method of low-intensity resistance exercise performed under the condition of restricting muscle blood flow (Takarada et al., 2000b; Abe et al., 2006; Karabulut et al., 2007; Wernbom et al., 2008), causes minimal strain on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems compared to high-intensity resistance exercise and thus is increasingly applied to rehabilitation programs for patients with various disorders. Meanwhile, its effect on BFS patients has yet to be examined. This report describes the case of a BFS patient in which KAATSU exercise exerted beneficial effects on the muscles, pain, and quality of life (QOL) of the patient.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122641983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of low-intensity KAATSU resistance exercise on intracellular neutrophil PTX3 and MPO","authors":"T. Nakajima, Miwa Kurano, Takaaki Hasegawa, H. Iida, Haruhito Takano, T. Fukuda, Haruhiko Madarame, Kazuya Fukumura, Yoshiaki Sato, Takahiko Yasuda, T. Morita","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"Moderate-intensity exercise induces transient oxidative stress, stimulates redox-sensitive signals, and then increases the antioxidant defense system, leading to cytoprotection. However, heavy exercise induces excessive oxidant stress, resulting in tissue injury. The increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant stress marker belonging to the heme peroxidase superfamily, has been also reported as a result of acute heavy exercise in healthy subjects (Suzuki et al., 1996; Nakajima et al., 2010a; Reihmane et al., 2012). MPO is found in myeloid cells, particularly in neutrophils (Ikitimur and Karadag, 2000; Tavora et al., 2009; Nakajima et al., 2010a), and plays an important role in the host defense against bacteria and viruses. On the other hand, it has been suggested to have a role in atherosclerosis through its strong oxidative capacity. MPO-mediated formation of highly reactive oxidants, hypochlorous acid (HClO), causes consumption of nitric oxide (NO) on endothelial cells and the oxidation of LDL on vascular walls in atherosclerotic regions. Therefore, the excessive generation of MPO leads to the formation of atheroma, then plaque rupture and acute coronary syndrome as well (Nicholls and Hazen, 2005; Tavora et al, 2009). Thus, MPO is a key component in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and other forms of cardiovascular diseases (Ikitimur and Karadag, 2010). In addition, daily regular exercise is known to induce anti-inflammatory effects and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammations such as atherosclerosis (Petersen and Pedersen, 2005; Plaisance and Grandjean, 2006), resulting in a decrease of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) (Kasapis and Thompson, 2005; Fukuda et al., 2012). However, in contrast to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise, acute high-intensity and prolonged exercise causes production of stress hormones and alterations in the circulating quantity and function of various immune cells, including leukocyte mobilization and leukocytosis (Hoffman-Goetz and Pedersen, 1994; Pedersen and Hoffman-Goetz, 2000; Peake et al., 2004; 2005a; Buttner et al., 2007), and increase of inflammatory markers, CRP and PTX3 (Nakajima et al., 2010a). The low-intensity resistance exercise under the conditions with the restriction of muscle blood flow named as KAATSU has been reported to strengthen muscles in athletes and healthy subjects, results similar to high-intensity resistance exercise (Takarada et al., 2000b; 2002; Karabult et al., 2007; Wernbom et al., 2008; Karabult et al., 2010), which is a promising method for rehabilitation in patients including cardiovascular diseases (Nakajima et al., ORIGINAL ARTICLE","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130523015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaatsu Training: Application to Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"I. Satoh","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.7.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.7.7","url":null,"abstract":"Kaatsu training (hereafter Kaatsu) was applied to patients with metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Kaatsu on patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity with metabolic syndrome. METHOD: A 3-exercise set of Kaatsu was performed for 6-12 minutes, once or twice a week with a Borg scale at level 13. The usefulness of Kaatsu was evaluated 3 to 4 months later. In this study, patients were instructed not to change their lifestyles (e.g. food, medicine and exercise). RESULTS: The effectiveness of Kaatsu was shown in 31 out of 51 patients (61%) to which Kaatsu was applied. In 12 out of 18 patients (67%) with hypertension, systolic blood pressure dropped from an average of 166 mmHg to 146 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure also dropped from an average of 96 mmHg to 86 mmHg. In 6 out of 10 patients (60%) with diabetes mellitus, HbA1c dropped from an average of 6.8% to 6.12%. In 8 out of 14 patients (57%) with dyslipidemia, LDL-c decreased from an average of 158 mg/dl to 136 mg/dl. In 5 out of 9 patients (56%) with obesity, there was a reduction in weight from an average of 67 kg to 59 kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Kaatsu training improves physical conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and obesity with metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116469996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The horse: An alternative model for KAATSU research","authors":"C. Kearns, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Abe","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In order to produce significant muscle hypertrophy, a training intensity of greater than 65% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) is generally believed to be required. However, this concept has been challenged recently by data from studies that have combined 20%-50% 1-RM with restriction of venous blood flow from the working muscle, referred to as KAATSU-training. These studies have demonstrated significant gains in muscle size and strength in as little as 2 weeks in humans. The KAATSU-training model may have utility in models other than humans; several recent papers have investigated the safety and potential utility of KAATSU-training in an equine model. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss the horse as a viable model of KAATSU-training and discuss the available data using this model thus far.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126444955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KAATSU training improves the femoris quadriceps muscle brightness in postoperative patients with valvular heart disease","authors":"T. Fukuda, Hayato Ishizaka, Yuta Mizushima, Naohiro Nozawa, H. Ogawa, I. Shibasaki, Yoshiaki Sato, Shigeru Toyoda, H. Fukuda, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.3806/ijktr.17.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.17.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129975384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KAATSU training as a new effective exercise therapy in a case of femoral medial condyle osteonecrosis","authors":"Y. Hiraizumi, T. Nakajima, Yoshiaki Sato, T. Imanishi","doi":"10.3806/IJKTR.12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3806/IJKTR.12.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Osteonecrosis (ON) of the medial condyle of the femur may develop as a secondary condition associated with the prolonged use of steroids. However, idiopathic ON of the medial condyle of the femur is relatively common among women 60 years or older. In the early stages, the disease is difficult to distinguish from knee osteoarthritis by radiography and sometimes it is accompanied by severe pain. The patients may be followed up after conservative treatment. In many cases, however, surgical treatments such as arthroplasty are unavoidable because progression cannot be suppressed by conservative treatment alone. KAATSU training is expected to be effective for increasing muscle volume and muscle power, even with low loads by training under blood flow restriction. KAATSU training represents a method of rehabilitation suitable for patients with various diseases and this aged society. The exercises include load-free exercises, elastic bands, and free weights, as well as walking and ergometers. As such, KAATSU training is attracting much attention as a method of rehabilitation which avoids high physical loads. We recently reported a case in which KAATSU training was effective in a patient with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. In this paper, we report a patient with idiopathic ON of the medial condyle of the femur who achieved remarkable improvement of the disease by KAATSU training. 1. Case review Patient: A 71-year-old woman (157 cm in height, weighing 70 kg) Diagnosis: Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the medial condyle of the femur Chief complaint: Left medial knee pain on walking Family history of illness: Non-contributory. History of present illness: In 2014, the patient presented with left medial knee pain at a nearby orthopedic clinic. She was diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis, and underwent ambulatory treatment for several months. Since her symptoms did not remit, and the pain worsened, she visited another medical institution in November 2014. The diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the medial portion of the medial condyle of the left femur was established. In January 2015, MRI findings suggested further exacerbation. KAATSU training was started in March 2015. One year 3 months later, in June 2016, the outcome was good with marked shrinkage of the necrotized region and improved activities of daily living.","PeriodicalId":439198,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kaatsu Training Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}