Basic Income Studies最新文献

{"title":"Review of Foundations of Real World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to Know (Komlos 2019)","authors":"M. Ash","doi":"10.1515/bis-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone who teaches undergraduate economics should read Foundations of Real World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to Know (Komlos 2019). The book provides a checklist of what is wrong with contemporary economics, especially as taught at the undergraduate level, and offers a host of interesting new directions. The book mentions basic income only briefly – with the author briskly expressing preference for guaranteed employment over guaranteed income. The richness of the writing and tables on employment, income, consumption, and inequality, however, can support debate in courses that address basic income. The coverage of inequality, drawing on Piketty, Saez, and Zucman, connects the trends to an analysis of why and how market economies produce more inequality than in the past. Inequality recurs in the sections on oligopoly and oligopsony, on the failures of market-based regulation, and on the returns to factors of production. Komlos expresses some idiosyncratic tastes. Christopher Lasch and Daniel Bell appear, which might scandalize both neoclassical economists and Marxists. Komlos casts a skeptical eye on conspicuous consumption, incomes, and debt. The excellent chapter on endogenous preferences, “Taste Makers and Consumption,” features witty and memorable illustrations, such as, “Doctors for Camels Exploit the Gullibility of Consumers.” The climate change discussion is elegant, but controversies around degrowth, which tend to engage students and which could link well to the skepticism of consumerism, do not appear. Some explanations and models are too abbreviated for students in introductory courses. For example, the diagrams on path dependence are difficult to follow for a reader without a background. “Corporations Invest Heavily in Order to Tilt the Playing Field in Their Direction” (Figure 8.2), is tangled in its outline of government lobbying, private advertising, and multiple audiences, although the one-line description, “In the real economy, tastes are endogenous, moneyed elites influence government, and there is herding behavior,” makes the point. Komlos’s approach is ad hoc, nuanced, and in no one’s vest pocket. “Price controls can be good” will provoke neoclassicals, but underconsumptionists may balk at Komlos’s assertion that the “endemic budget deficit” means that we are “taking our chances” with the future. Komlos’s approach is honest and ecumenical, but it is not clear that the eclectic approach can position students, especially at the introductory level, to understand the world systematically. An early chapter, “Homo œconomicus is dead,” thoroughly demolishes the neoclassical vision. But foundations require a constructive agenda, providing a paradigm for future inquiry and a ready rubric for estimating the right answer to pressing economics and policy questions. The Homo œconomicus model of maximizing behavior in largely competitive markets leads to the answer to rent control. The Keynesian emphasis on circular flow wi","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"James K. Boyce: The Case for Carbon Dividends","authors":"Michael W. Howard","doi":"10.1515/bis-2019-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2019-0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85150501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentalism, Ecologism, and Basic Income","authors":"J. Pinto","doi":"10.1515/bis-2019-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2019-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Greens are the political group in which the support for the implementation of a basic income is stronger. Nevertheless, the reasons for that support are not always clear and quite often not related to environmental issues. For this reason, two different approaches to a green BI – environmental and ecological – are discussed in this article. The first could be part of a green growth strategy, whereas the second would require structural changes to the economic model, in support of a post-productivist economy. Although showing some overlaps, these models are in conflict in some central aspects, such as the role of economic growth in promoting sustainability. For this reason, it might be incorrect to assume that an environmental BI is a step toward an ecological BI. We will focus on the green aspects as a consequence of implementing a BI and independently of its sources of funding – namely by looking into the amount a BI needs to be in order to support shifting activities from the market to the autonomous sphere – and on the green potential of its sources of financing.","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75334196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robert Stayton: Solar dividends: how solar energy can generate a basic income for everyone on earth","authors":"Naomi Zewde","doi":"10.1515/bis-2019-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2019-0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73936300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brian McDonough and Jessie Bustillos Morales: Universal Basic Income","authors":"James P. Mulvale","doi":"10.1515/bis-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Universal basic income (UBI) is an approach to income security that guarantees every individual in a political community (be it a nation or a subnational unit such as a state, province, or municipality) an unconditional and sufficient income to meet their basic needs, such as food, shelter, clothing, transportation, and the other necessities of life. UBI differs from state-sponsored social insurance schemes that became widespread in welfare states during latter half of the 20th century. Social insurance is funded by mandatory employer and/or employee contributions, and is tied to specific events affecting workers, such as loss of paid employment, parenting a new child, or retirement from the labor force. UBI also differs from last-resort income support programs such as social assistance (often called “welfare” or “workfare”). Such programs are meant to respond to those in immediate and dire financial need. Qualifying for social assistance depends on proving one’s eligibility to government officials through an application process that is typically complicated, demeaning, and stigmatizing. Social assistance often requires certain behaviors of recipients, such as participation in life-skills training or (in the case of workfare) work in low-skill jobs at low pay. In contrast, UBI is available to everyone on an unconditional basis, with no requirement for advance contributions, no stigma attached to those receiving it, and no work or other behavioral requirements. The Basic Income Earth Network defines UBI in this way: “A basic income is a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all on an individual basis, without means-test or work requirement.” Basic income has the following five characteristics: (1) Periodic: paid at regular intervals (for example, every month), not as a one-off grant. (2) Cash payment: paid in an appropriate medium of exchange, allowing those who receive it to decide what they spend it on. It is not, therefore, paid either in kind (such as food or services) or in vouchers dedicated to a specific use. (3) Individual: paid on an individual basis—and not, for instance, to households. (4) Universal: paid to all, without a means test. (5) Unconditional: paid without a requirement to work or to demonstrate willingness-to-work. Basic income (or approximations thereof) often go by different names, such as guaranteed income, citizens’ income, unconditional cash transfer, refundable tax credits, or social dividend.","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90328163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAPTER 8. The Implications for Work and Labour","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300234183-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300234183-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80711070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300234183-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300234183-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73394556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAPTER 12. The Political Challenge – How to Get There from Here","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300234183-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300234183-013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88009425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAPTER 6. The Standard Objections","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300234183-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300234183-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77688194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHAPTER 9. The Alternatives","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300234183-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300234183-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43898,"journal":{"name":"Basic Income Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76893275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}