David Friedel MD , Xiaocen Zhang MD , Rani Modayil MD , Stavros N. Stavropoulos MD
{"title":"Endoscopic full-thickness resection","authors":"David Friedel MD , Xiaocen Zhang MD , Rani Modayil MD , Stavros N. Stavropoulos MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is the cutting edge of therapeutic endoscopy<span><span><span>. It is a minimally invasive method designed to remove gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria. In this review we will focus on pure EFTR, a technique that evolved from </span>endoscopic submucosal dissection and utilizes endoscopic submucosal dissection skills and equipment. Pure EFTR differs from device-assisted or laparoscopy-assisted EFTR. It has fewer limitations in terms of tumor location and size and is a true embodiment of the </span>natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery concept. Here we will review the development, applications, equipment, technique, and outcomes of pure EFTR, as well as give a brief overview of the current state of the art featuring both the worldwide literature and data from our large referral center.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45886177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future of full thickness resection – Devices, indications, robotics, what is missing","authors":"Philip WY Chiu MD (CUHK), MBChB (CUHK), FRCSEd, FCSHK, FHKAM (Surgery), FASGE","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Recently, technological advances through endoscopic submucosal dissection, </span>per oral endoscopic myotomy<span>, and submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection allowed the extension of therapeutic </span></span>endoscopy<span><span> from treatment of luminal to extraluminal neoplasia. The performance of endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) allowed en bloc resection of luminal and extraluminal neoplasia with adequate resection margins. EFTR is currently indicated for treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, early GI neoplasia with nonlifting or recurrent </span>adenoma or neoplasia after endoscopic resection. This chapter reviews the devices and technologies used for EFTR, the clinical results reported in the literature as well as possible future developments for EFTR.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42489968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endoscopic full thickness resection: A surgeon's perspective","authors":"Beth A. Schrope MD, PhD , Gregory Charak MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Innovations in surgical instrumentation and methods are enabling safe and effective minimally invasive options for treatment of many diseases. Similarly, technologic advances in </span>endoscopy<span> are offering assistive devices<span> and techniques to enable more aggressive, yet safe, endoscopic therapies<span>. Endoscopic mucosal resection<span> and submucosal dissection are quickly becoming adopted to offer appropriate patients the least invasive treatment, that is, treatment without surgical scars or approaches. On the horizon at the time of this writing is endoscopic full-thickness resection, which if proven safe has potential to offer the same advantages to a wider variety of pathology. This chapter will focus on a surgeon's perspective of gastrointestinal disease<span>, traditional surgical treatments, and possibilities for these new endoscopic techniques.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42857754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi MD, Christopher C. Thompson MD, MHES
{"title":"Training and development in endoscopic full thickness resection","authors":"Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi MD, Christopher C. Thompson MD, MHES","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) is an evolving procedure along the spectrum of lesion resection. It encompasses a wide range of various clinical applications and indications, with evolving devices for resection and defect closure. The rapidly changing landscape of EFTR over the past years, alongside the potential for new developments, necessitates a better understanding of this field and its’ required training. This review summarizes a brief history of EFTR over time, while highlighting the goals and steps of training for this emerging procedure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47900465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic full thickness resection—Motility disorders, neurologic disorders, and staging of mucosal neoplasms","authors":"Gulara Hajiyeva MD , Saowanee Ngamruengphong MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) allows for minimally invasive acquisition of all layers of the gastrointestinal wall. The method was initially developed for therapeutic purposes. More recently EFTR has been successfully implemented for diagnostic applications such as diagnosis of gastrointestinal </span>neuromuscular diseases<span> or as a staging procedure for superficial GI neoplasia in select cases. It represents a step forward from the previous standard laparoscopic tissue biopsy and allows shorter recovery time at the same time decreasing the risk of potential side effects of a major procedure. EFTR has significant diagnostic value in its ability to provide a full thickness gastrointestinal wall specimen allowing appropriate histological review with the potential to determine a therapeutic plan.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47062628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathology perspective on endoscopic full thickness resection","authors":"Ladan Fazlollahi MD, Helen E. Remotti MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Recent advances in minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have introduced new resection techniques including the Endoscopic Full Thickness Resection (EFTR) for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. EFTR offers minimally invasive surgery<span> for mucosal or subepithelial lesions that cannot be resected with standard Endoscopic Mucosal Resection<span> or Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection techniques, due to anatomical location or presence of fibrosis (nonlifting epithelial lesions) allowing a safe and effective method to resect the entire gastrointestinal (GI) wall. EFTR is particularly useful for resecting small (<2 cm) subepithelial lesions that arise within the muscular wall that previously required a surgical approach. In addition to therapeutic resections, EFTR biopsies can be diagnostically useful for evaluating a variety of gastrointestinal </span></span></span>neuromuscular diseases as well as diagnosing other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions that involve deeper layers of the gut wall. With refinement in resection techniques and increased experience with EFTR, indications for minimally invasive surgery will increase and a standardized pathologic assessment of these specimens will be incorporated into working practice guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47144283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closure methods and devices","authors":"Sergey V. Kantsevoy MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The last decade of the 20th century and the first 2 decades of the 21st century dramatically changes in the flexible endoscopy<span><span> world. New endoscopic procedures were introduced into clinical practice, stimulating development of new endoscopic devices and techniques and significantly expanding the armamentarium of surgeons and gastroenterologists specializing in therapeutic flexible endoscopy. Through-the-scope endoscopic clips have become an important tissue-approximating instrument, often in combination with PolyLoops. Over-the-scope endoscopic clips demonstrate effectiveness in the closure of gastrointestinal (GI) tract </span>fistulas<span><span> and small iatrogenic perforations. The Overstitch endoscopic suturing system is a versatile tissue-approximating device, which produces effective, reliable, surgical-quality closure of GI tract defects. This device, and other developing endoscopic suturing systems may, eventually become the universal tool for endoscopic correction of fistulas, closure of submucosal tunnels, iatrogenic perforations, mucosal and full-thickness defects postendoscopic resection of </span>GI tract lesions.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55156155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endoscopic full-thickness resection of early mucosal neoplasms","authors":"Andreas Wannhoff MD, Karel Caca MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endoscopic full-thickness resection is a new resection technique that expands the possibilities of endoscopic resection. It is best evaluated for the resection of early mucosal neoplasms in the colorectum but can also be used in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In particular, it enables endoscopic resection in cases of so-called difficult adenomas in the colorectum. This includes resection of nonlifting adenomas and adenomas at difficult locations. Endoscopic full-thickness resection could help avoid surgery in these cases. The Full-Thickness Resection Device is the best-studied system thus far. It has high efficiency and low rate of complication for resection of difficult adenomas. Alternatively, snare resection above a previously-applied clip provides an additional method for endoscopic full-thickness resection. Both techniques have successfully been evaluated in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially for resection of duodenal adenomas. For the resection of early gastric cancer, combined endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches might offer an alternative treatment for lesions that are not suitable for endoscopic resection alone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2019.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy L. Holmstrom MD , A. Aziz Aadam MD , Eric S. Hungness MD
{"title":"Submucosal endoscopy","authors":"Amy L. Holmstrom MD , A. Aziz Aadam MD , Eric S. Hungness MD","doi":"10.1016/j.tgie.2018.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgie.2018.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Submucosal surgery has emerged over the past decade as a safe and effective treatment for both benign and malignant diseases of the </span>gastrointestinal tract<span><span>. Endoscopic creation of a submucosal tunnel or flap allows for access to various muscular structures as well as en bloc resection of muscle- and mucosa-based lesions. Per oral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of </span>achalasia is supported by robust data on safety and short-term outcomes with promising long-term outcomes data. Per oral </span></span>pyloromyotomy<span><span> uses the experience gained from per oral endoscopic myotomy in the treatment of gastroparesis, a chronic disease that often proves challenging to effectively treat. A submucosal tunnel or dissection is created to remove tumors of the </span>submucosa<span> in addition to removing early stage cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, providing an alternative to the higher morbidity surgical approaches to resection. Submucosal surgery is an innovative approach to the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases traditionally treated by open and laparoscopic surgical techniques.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":43887,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tgie.2018.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45192446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}