Middle East Development Journal最新文献_第9页

Institutions and macroeconomic policies in resource-rich Arab economies 资源丰富的阿拉伯经济体的体制和宏观经济政策

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2019-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1675020

K. Schmidt-Hebbel

{"title":"Institutions and macroeconomic policies in resource-rich Arab economies","authors":"K. Schmidt-Hebbel","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2019.1675020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2019.1675020","url":null,"abstract":"This volume contributes to the literature on the Arab World in two main ways. First, the regional focus on the role of institutions and macroeconomic policies fills an enormous research gap as this has been largely understudied, mainly due to the insufficiency of informational disclosure by governments in general and especially fiscal institutions. Hence, an important contribution of this volume is to reveal more detailed information concerning problems and policies of the region’s oil exporters. Second, given the constraints hindering macroeconomic reforms in Arab oil-exporting countries, it offers a novel political economy analysis that examines the ways in which resource endowments affect political regimes and the choice of macroeconomic institutions and policies in oil-rich Arab economies. The four main questions addressed in this volume are: (i) Do institutions (both political and economic) matter for macroeconomic policies in Arab oil exporters, and if so how? (ii) What are the main features of the macroeconomic institutions (fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate regimes) that are most effective in mitigating commodity price volatility, growth volatility, inefficiency in expenditure allocations, and corruption? (iii) How well are existing fiscal institutions performing in terms of fiscal policies and outcomes? (iv) When fiscal institutions are not performing well, what should be done about this?","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2019.1675020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43666171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Fiscal policy, inequality, and poverty in Iran: assessing the impact and effectiveness of taxes and transfers. 伊朗的财政政策、不平等和贫困：评估税收和转移支付的影响和有效性。

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2019-03-08 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1583510

Ali Enami, Nora Lustig, Alireza Taqdiri

引用次数: 24

Spatial distribution of healthcare access and utilization: do they affect health outcomes in Turkey? 医疗保健获取和利用的空间分布：它们会影响土耳其的健康结果吗？

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1583509

B. Karahasan, Fırat Bilgel

引用次数: 2

Estimating poverty and inequality in the absence of consumption data: an application to the Middle East and North Africa 在没有消费数据的情况下估计贫困和不平等:在中东和北非的应用

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1583493

C. Krafft, R. Assaad, Hanan Nazier, Racha Ramadan, Atiyeh Vahidmanesh, Sami Zouari

引用次数: 13

Pension systems contribution determinants: a cross sectional analysis on Tunisia 养老金制度缴款决定因素：对突尼斯的横断面分析

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2019.1583507

Mehdi Ben Braham, M. Marouani

引用次数: 4

How does poverty differ among refugees? Taking a gender lens to the data on Syrian refugees in Jordan 难民的贫穷程度有何不同？从性别角度看待约旦境内叙利亚难民的数据

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8616

L. Hanmer, Eliana Rubiano, Julieth Santamaria, D. Arango

{"title":"How does poverty differ among refugees? Taking a gender lens to the data on Syrian refugees in Jordan","authors":"L. Hanmer, Eliana Rubiano, Julieth Santamaria, D. Arango","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8616","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many reports document the hardships experienced by refugees, highlighting that women and children are a highly vulnerable group. However, empirical analysis of how gender inequality impacts poverty among refugees is limited. We combine registration data for Syrian refugees in Jordan collected by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees with data from its Home Visit surveys to analyze income poverty rates among refugee households. We use an approach that captures the disruption to household structures that results from displacement to evaluate the poverty impacts, comparing refugee households with male and female principal applicants (PAs). We find that distinguishing between different types of principal applicant households is important. Half of the female PAs for nonnuclear households live below the poverty line compared to only one-fifth of male PAs for nonnuclear household. PAs who are widows and widowers also face high poverty risks. Households that have formed because of the unpredictable dynamics of forced displacement, such as unaccompanied children and single caregivers, emerge as extremely vulnerable groups. We show that differences in household composition and individual attributes of male and female PAs are not the only factors driving increased poverty risk. Gender-specific barriers which prevent women accessing labor markets are also a factor. Our findings show that gender inequality amplifies the poverty experienced by a significant number of refugees. Our approach can be used to help policy-makers design more effective programs of assistance and find durable solutions for displaced populations.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45511265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Crony interlockers and the centrality of banks: the network of Moroccan listed companies 裙带关系和银行的中心地位:摩洛哥上市公司的网络

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2018.1519999

Oubibi Mohamed

{"title":"Crony interlockers and the centrality of banks: the network of Moroccan listed companies","authors":"Oubibi Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2018.1519999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2018.1519999","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we study crony capitalism through the lens of Moroccan listed companies and the role of the financial sector. We first highlight the role of banks in the history of Moroccan capitalism from the setting up of the French protectorate over Morocco to the dominance of some major family groups. Using a network analysis of board members of the Moroccan listed companies we confirm the centrality of finance compared to other sectors. We also measure the relational proximity to demonstrate that each cluster of the four main holding families has at least one financial company. Finally, we argue that crony interlockers, who are members of royal foundations and represent an institutional investor or a holding family that owns a bank and/or an insurance company, are the most central actors in the network of listed companies. Our contribution to crony capitalism in MENA analyses the politics of finance in a neoliberal and peripheral country such as Morocco. Boone and Henry [(2004). Neoliberalism in the Middle East and Africa: Divergent banking reform trajectories, 1980s to 2000. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 42(3), 356–392] had described the banking sector in Morocco as a private oligopoly. Here, we provide evidence that the monarchy and its entourage are capturing corporate governance instruments such as board membership to control economic activities.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2018.1519999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46445272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The impact of the action plan for promoting employment and combating unemployment on employment informality in Algeria 促进就业和消除失业行动计划对阿尔及利亚非正规就业的影响

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2018.1520002

Ali Souag, R. Assaad

引用次数: 6

State business relations and innovation in the MENA region 中东和北非地区的国有企业关系和创新

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2018.1520003

M. Sabry

{"title":"State business relations and innovation in the MENA region","authors":"M. Sabry","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2018.1520003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2018.1520003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding that Innovation is a major determinant of economic growth, this paper is investigating how to foster Innovation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region given the institutional deficiencies suffered in many of its countries. More specifically, this paper is trying to find out how State-Business Relations (SBR) have contributed to Innovation capacities of the MENA. It also investigates whether SBR have counteracted some of the region's institutional deficiencies which hinder Innovation. While doing this, this paper differentiates between formal SBR (e.g. public private dialogues) and informal SBR (relations based on family, ethnic or political connections), and puts more theoretical emphasis on the National Innovation System (NIS) approach for fostering innovation. It uses regression analysis and provides three relatively (Innovation-wise) advanced non-Gulf MENA countries as examples for the sake of enriching the discussion through a comparative analysis; these are: Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco. Using various multivariate panel OLS regressions, various important findings are obtained. The results suggest that stronger Business Associations, formal SBR and comprehensive institutional reform are needed for fostering Innovation in the MENA region. Even if Cronyism and crony-based informal SBR seem to provide a functional allocative mechanism counteracting some institutional deficiencies, yet, Cronyism do more harm than good to Innovation. Hence, institutional reform in the MENA region should also place more emphasis on eradicating Cronyism.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2018.1520003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47617175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Population dynamics and CO2 emissions in the Arab region: an extended STIRPAT II model 阿拉伯区域的人口动态和二氧化碳排放:扩展的STIRPAT II模型

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Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2018.1519998

Yasmine M. Abdelfattah, H. Abou-Ali, John Adams

{"title":"Population dynamics and CO2 emissions in the Arab region: an extended STIRPAT II model","authors":"Yasmine M. Abdelfattah, H. Abou-Ali, John Adams","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2018.1519998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2018.1519998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many Arab countries have been developing in a fast pace over the last two decades. This is now seen as putting considerable pressure on the natural environment through population growth, ecosystem stress and resource extraction. The potential for climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide emissions threatens the likelihood of a more sustainable development model being achieved in many of these countries. The paper deals with Arab countries’ population-environment nexus with respect to climate change interactions. The paper adopts the STIRPAT II model, which measures the effect of population, wealth, technology and, institution quality on the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is adopted to measure the environmental impact. Both the static panel models and the dynamic heterogeneous panel models were employed to test the concept of ecological elasticity in the Arab world. The results show that the most efficient way for the Arab countries to minimize carbon emissions is to reduce population, affluence, energy intensity and enhance the institution quality. However, the Arab countries are currently on a trajectory of growing population and affluence.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2018.1519998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43851934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16