Sensing Technologies + Applications最新文献_第4页

Interconnection between tricarboxylic acid cycle and energy generation in microbial fuel cell performed by desulfuromonas acetoxidans IMV B-7384 微生物燃料电池中三羧酸循环与乙酰氧化硫单胞菌IMV B-7384产能的相互关系

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2176222

O. Vasyliv, O. Maslovska, Yaroslav P. Ferensovych, O. Bilyy, S. Hnatush

{"title":"Interconnection between tricarboxylic acid cycle and energy generation in microbial fuel cell performed by desulfuromonas acetoxidans IMV B-7384","authors":"O. Vasyliv, O. Maslovska, Yaroslav P. Ferensovych, O. Bilyy, S. Hnatush","doi":"10.1117/12.2176222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176222","url":null,"abstract":"Desulfuromonas acetoxidans IMV B-7384 is exoelectrogenic obligate anaerobic sulfur-reducing bacterium. Its one of the first described electrogenic bacterium that performs complete oxidation of an organic substrate with electron transfer directly to the electrode in microbial fuel cell (MFC). This bacterium is very promising for MFC development because of inexpensive cultivation medium, high survival rate and selective resistance to various heavy metal ions. The size of D. acetoxidans IMV B-7384 cells is comparatively small (0.4-0.8×1-2 μm) that is highly beneficial while application of porous anode material because of complete bacterial cover of an electrode area with further significant improvement of the effectiveness of its usage. The interconnection between functioning of reductive stage of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under anaerobic conditions, and MFC performance was established. Malic, pyruvic, fumaric and succinic acids in concentration 42 mM were separately added into the anode chamber of MFC as the redox agents. Application of malic acid caused the most stabile and the highest power generation in comparison with other investigated organic acids. Its maximum equaled 10.07±0.17mW/m2 on 136 hour of bacterial cultivation. Under addition of pyruvic, succinic and fumaric acids into the anode chamber of MFC the maximal power values equaled 5.80±0.25 mW/m2; 3.2±0.11 mW/m2, and 2.14±0.19 mW/m2 respectively on 40, 56 and 32 hour of bacterial cultivation. Hence the malic acid conversion via reductive stage of TCA cycle is shown to be the most efficient process in terms of electricity generation by D. acetoxidans IMV B-7384 in MFC under anaerobic conditions.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131049482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effect of organic flux on the colossal dielectric constant of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) 有机通量对CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)巨介电常数的影响

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2177694

V. Razdan, Abhishek Singh, B. Arnold, F. Choa, L. Kelly, N. B. Singh

引用次数: 2

Pulsed microwave heating method for preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells for greener, faster, cheaper production of photovoltaic materials 制备染料敏化太阳能电池的脉冲微波加热方法，用于更环保、更快、更便宜的光伏材料生产

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2177601

Clifford B. Murphy, R. Cotta, Timothy Blais, C. Hall

{"title":"Pulsed microwave heating method for preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells for greener, faster, cheaper production of photovoltaic materials","authors":"Clifford B. Murphy, R. Cotta, Timothy Blais, C. Hall","doi":"10.1117/12.2177601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177601","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave heating methods are very popular for developing chemical syntheses that are achieved much more rapidly or with less solvent than via conventional heating methods. Their application to solar cell development has been primarily in developing improvements in the synthesis of dyes and curing of polymer substrates, but not in assisting the photoanode construction of dye-sensitized solar cells. Microwave heating of conducting substrates can lead to arcing of electricity in the reactor, which in turn, can lead to extensive degradation or complete destruction of the photoanode. Here we present our work in applying a pulsed microwave heating method that affords quicker dye deposition times in comparison to conventional heating (μw 40 min, conventional 60 min) with similar dye concentrations as characterized by UV-Vis absorbance, contact angle measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. Our photoanodes are constructed with anatase TiO2 cured onto FTO glass, and deposition of the N719 ruthenium dye either directly to the TiO2 layer or through amide bond formation to a silane layer that has been deposited on the TiO2 layer. Modest improvements in the solar energy conversion efficiency are shown through the microwave method in comparison to conventional heating (μw 0.78% vs. conventional 0.25% reported by K. Szpakolski, et. Al. Polyhedron, 2013, 52, 719-732.)","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123334758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Piezoelectric energy-harvesting power source and event detection sensors for gun-fired munitions 用于枪炮弹药的压电能量收集电源和事件探测传感器

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2176879

J. Rastegar, D. Feng, C. Pereira

{"title":"Piezoelectric energy-harvesting power source and event detection sensors for gun-fired munitions","authors":"J. Rastegar, D. Feng, C. Pereira","doi":"10.1117/12.2176879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176879","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of piezoelectric based energy harvesting devices and their charge collection electronics for use in very harsh environment of gun-fired munitions. A number of novel classes of such energy harvesting power sources have been developed for gun-fired munitions and similar applications, including those with integrated safety and firing setback event detection electronics and logic circuitry. The power sources are designed to harvest energy from firing acceleration and vibratory motions during the flight. As an example, the application of the developed piezoelectric based energy harvesting devices with event detection circuitry for the development of self-powered initiators with full no-fire safety circuitry for protection against accidental drops, transportation vibration, and other similar low amplitude accelerations and/or high amplitude but short duration acceleration events is presented. The design allows the use of a very small piezoelectric element, thereby allowing such devices to be highly miniaturized. These devices can be readily hardened to withstand very high G firing setback accelerations in excess of 100,000 G and the harsh firing environment. The design of prototypes and testing under realistic conditions are presented.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131560267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) based microsupercapacitors 基于碳微机电系统(C-MEMS)的微型超级电容器

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2180122

R. Agrawal, M. Beidaghi, Wei Chen, Chunlei Wang

{"title":"Carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) based microsupercapacitors","authors":"R. Agrawal, M. Beidaghi, Wei Chen, Chunlei Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2180122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180122","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development in miniaturized electronic devices has led to an ever increasing demand for high-performance rechargeable micropower scources. Microsupercapacitors in particular have gained much attention in recent years owing to their ability to provide high pulse power while maintaining long cycle lives. Carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) is a powerful approach to fabricate high aspect ratio carbon microelectrode arrays, which has been proved to hold great promise as a platform for energy storage. C-MEMS is a versatile technique to create carbon structures by pyrolyzing a patterned photoresist. Furthermore, different active materials can be loaded onto these microelectrode platforms for further enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the C-MEMS platform. In this article, different techniques and methods in order to enhance C-MEMS based various electrochemical capacitor systems have been discussed, including electrochemical activation of C-MEMS structures for miniaturized supercapacitor applications, integration of carbon nanostructures like carbon nanotubes onto C-MEMS structures and also integration of pseudocapacitive materials such as polypyrrole onto C-MEMS structures.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131565608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Effect of temperature and thickness of graphene on the hydrogen storage properties 温度和石墨烯厚度对储氢性能的影响

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2176170

Jie Huang, C. Wong

{"title":"Effect of temperature and thickness of graphene on the hydrogen storage properties","authors":"Jie Huang, C. Wong","doi":"10.1117/12.2176170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176170","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen, of which the application is limited due to the difficulties in finding the ideal storage material, has been considered alternative for petroleum as the main energy source. With its large surface area and other extraordinary physical properties, graphene has been the focus of many researchers as the promising candidate for hydrogen storage and transportation. In this work, the hydrogen storage characteristics of graphene have been investigated by MD simulations. We found that, under the temperature of 70 K and the pressure of 1 MPa, the hydrogen uptake percentage can be as high as 54%. And the majority of the hydrogen atoms are absorbed during the initial 100 – 200 ps of the simulation. Moreover, the hydrogen storage properties of graphene with different environment temperatures have been studied. We found that with increasing temperature, the hydrogen uptake percentage towards the end of the simulation decreases. Furthermore, the number of layers of the graphene sheet also exerts influence of the hydrogen absorption capability of the sample. We conclude that the more graphene sheets are being used, the less hydrogen atoms are being absorbed by the sample. Our work provides insight into optimizing the environmental temperature and thickness of the graphene sheet when designing novel energy storage devices, especially hydrogen storage devices.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114987258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Hybridization of lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors: fabrication and challenges 锂离子电池和电化学电容器的杂交:制造和挑战

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2180124

R. Agrawal, Y. Hao, Yin Song, Chunhui Chen, Chunlei Wang

{"title":"Hybridization of lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors: fabrication and challenges","authors":"R. Agrawal, Y. Hao, Yin Song, Chunhui Chen, Chunlei Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2180124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180124","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are well suited as power sources for devices that require large bursts of energy in short time periods. However, when compared to their battery counterparts, EDLCs suffer from low energy densities. The low energy density of EDLCs hinders their applications in devices that require a simultaneous supply of high power and high energy. In order to improve the energy density of EDLCs, the concept of hybridization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and EDLCs has gathered much attention in past years. Such a hybrid is typically referred to as “lithium-ion capacitor” (LIC) or “lithium capacitor” and essentially utilizes a lithium intercalating anode (such as graphite or Li4Ti5O12) and a fast charging-discharging EDLC electrode (such as activated carbon, carbon nanostructures) in a lithium-salt based electrolyte. Although such a system sounds quite ideal in theory, there are major challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully realize the benefits of LIB and EDLC electrodes in conjunction. Most of these challenges stem from the mismatch in capacity of the electrodes and also the charging-discharging times of the electrodes. For instance, the EDLC electrode acts as the limiting factor for the capacity of the system while the LIB electrode limits the power of the system. Here we have fabricated a hybrid capacitor that utilizes a Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) based anode and an activated carbon (AC) composite based cathode. Half-cell testing for both LTO and AC have been shown along with full cell evaluation.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Energy harvesting via ferrofluidic induction 铁磁流体感应能量收集

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2178419

J. Monroe, E. S. Vasquez, Zachary Aspin, John D. Fairley, K. Walters, M. Berg, S. Thompson

{"title":"Energy harvesting via ferrofluidic induction","authors":"J. Monroe, E. S. Vasquez, Zachary Aspin, John D. Fairley, K. Walters, M. Berg, S. Thompson","doi":"10.1117/12.2178419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2178419","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments were conducted to investigate and characterize the concept of ferrofluidic induction - a process for generating electrical power via cyclic oscillation of ferrofluid (iron-based nanofluid) through a solenoid. Experimental parameters include: number of bias magnets, magnet spacing, solenoid core, fluid pulse frequency and ferrofluid-particle diameter. A peristaltic pump was used to cyclically drive two aqueous ferrofluids, consisting of 7-10 nm iron-oxide particles and commercially-available hydroxyl-coated magnetic beads (~800 nm), respectively. The solutions were pulsated at 3, 6, and 10 Hz through 3.2 mm internal diameter Tygon tubing. A 1000 turn copper-wire solenoid was placed around the tube 45 cm away from the pump. The experimental results indicate that the ferrofluid is capable of inducing a maximum electric potential of approximately +/- 20 μV across the solenoid during its cyclic passage. As the frequency of the pulsating flow increased, the ferro-nanoparticle diameter increased, or the bias magnet separation decreased, the induced voltage increased. The type of solenoid core material (copper or plastic) did not have a discernible effect on induction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ferrofluidic induction and provide insight into its dependence on fluid/flow parameters. Such fluidic/magneto-coupling can be exploited for energy harvesting and/or conversion system design for a variety of applications.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128304630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

High efficiency c-Si solar cells utilizing light-trapping phenomenon 利用捕光现象的高效c-Si太阳能电池

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.1117/12.2183411

A. Shrestha, Genki Mizuno, Patrick Oduor, R. Oláh, Saif Islam, A. Dutta, N. Dhar

引用次数: 4

Performance study of sugar-yeast-ethanol bio-hybrid fuel cells 糖-酵母-乙醇生物混合燃料电池性能研究

Sensing Technologies + Applications Pub Date : 2015-05-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.2176465

J. Jahnke, D. Mackie, Marcus S. Benyamin, R. Ganguli, J. J. Sumner

{"title":"Performance study of sugar-yeast-ethanol bio-hybrid fuel cells","authors":"J. Jahnke, D. Mackie, Marcus S. Benyamin, R. Ganguli, J. J. Sumner","doi":"10.1117/12.2176465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176465","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable alternatives to fossil hydrocarbons for energy generation are of general interest for a variety of political, economic, environmental, and practical reasons. In particular, energy from biomass has many advantages, including safety, sustainability, and the ability to be scavenged from native ecosystems or from waste streams. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can take advantage of microorganism metabolism to efficiently use sugar and other biomolecules as fuel, but are limited by low power densities. In contrast, direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) take advantage of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) to generate electricity from alcohols at much higher power densities. Here, we investigate a novel bio-hybrid fuel cell design prepared using commercial off-the-shelf DAFCs. In the bio-hybrid fuel cells, biomass such as sugar is fermented by yeast to ethanol, which can be used to fuel a DAFC. A separation membrane between the fermentation and the DAFC is used to purify the fermentate while avoiding any parasitic power losses. However, shifting the DAFCs from pure alcohol-water solutions to filtered fermented media introduces complications related to how the starting materials, fermentation byproducts, and DAFC waste products affect both the fermentation and the long-term DAFC performance. This study examines the impact of separation membrane pore size, fermentation/fuel cell byproducts, alcohol and salt concentrations, and load resistance on fuel cell performance. Under optimized conditions, the performance obtained is comparable to that of a similar DAFC run with a pure alcohol-water mixture. Additionally, the modified DAFC can provide useable amounts of power for weeks.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124271712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3