G. Dyer, G. Aizin, S. J. Allen, A. Grine, D. Bethke, J. L. Reno, E. Shaner
{"title":"Coherent phenomena in terahertz 2D plasmonic structures: strong coupling, plasmonic crystals, and induced transparency by coupling of localized modes","authors":"G. Dyer, G. Aizin, S. J. Allen, A. Grine, D. Bethke, J. L. Reno, E. Shaner","doi":"10.1117/12.2053629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053629","url":null,"abstract":"The device applications of plasmonic systems such as graphene and two dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in III-V heterostructures include terahertz detectors, mixers, oscillators and modulators. These two dimensional (2D) plasmonic systems are not only well-suited for device integration, but also enable the broad tunability of underdamped plasma excitations via an applied electric field. We present demonstrations of the coherent coupling of multiple voltage tuned GaAs/AlGaAs 2D plasmonic resonators under terahertz irradiation. By utilizing a plasmonic homodyne mixing mechanism to downconvert the near field of plasma waves to a DC signal, we directly detect the spectrum of coupled plasmonic micro-resonator structures at cryogenic temperatures. The 2DEG in the studied devices can be interpreted as a plasmonic waveguide where multiple gate terminals control the 2DEG kinetic inductance. When the gate tuning of the 2DEG is spatially periodic, a one-dimensional finite plasmonic crystal forms. This results in a subwavelength structure, much like a metamaterial element, that nonetheless Bragg scatters plasma waves from a repeated crystal unit cell. A 50% in situ tuning of the plasmonic crystal band edges is observed. By introducing gate-controlled defects or simply terminating the lattice, localized states arise in the plasmonic crystal. Inherent asymmetries at the finite crystal boundaries produce an induced transparency-like phenomenon due to the coupling of defect modes and crystal surface states known as Tamm states. The demonstrated active control of coupled plasmonic resonators opens previously unexplored avenues for sensitive direct and heterodyne THz detection, planar metamaterials, and slow-light devices.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134299180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Graham, H. Bernstein, H. Javadi, B. Geldzahler, P. Kwiat
{"title":"Superdense teleportation for space applications","authors":"T. Graham, H. Bernstein, H. Javadi, B. Geldzahler, P. Kwiat","doi":"10.1117/12.2050978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050978","url":null,"abstract":"We report the implementation of a novel entanglement-enabled quantum state communication protocol, known as SuperDense Teleportation, using photons hyperentangled in polarization and orbital angular momentum. We used these techniques to transmit unimodular ququart states between distant parties with an averaged fidelity of 86.2±3%; almost twice the classical limit of 44%. We also propose a method to use SuperDense Teleportation to communicate quantum states from a space platform, such as the International Space Station, to a terrestrial optical telescope. We evaluate several configurations and investigate the challenges arising from the movement of the space station with respect to the ground.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125866365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Schuh, A. Hegyi, A. Raghavan, A. Lochbaum, Julian Schwartz, P. Kiesel
{"title":"High-resolution, high-frequency wavelength shift detection of optical signals with low-cost, compact readouts","authors":"A. Schuh, A. Hegyi, A. Raghavan, A. Lochbaum, Julian Schwartz, P. Kiesel","doi":"10.1117/12.2177478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177478","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-optics (FO) have great potential for distributed sensing in various harsh environment applications. Their advantages include high resolution and multiplexing capabilities, inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, and low weight/volume. However, their widespread adoption in commercial applications has been considerably limited by the high cost, size, weight, and lack of capabilities of the readout unit used to interpret the FO signals. PARC has developed a breakthrough wavelength shift detection (WSD) technology that is capable of reading out signals from wavelength-encoded FO and other optical sensors with high sensitivity using a compact, high-speed and low-cost unit. In this paper, its calibration and noise performance is demonstrated for high-resolution (up to 1,45 fm/√Hz) acoustic emission (AE) detection of fast (up to 1 MHz) dynamic strain signals.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"9480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129491154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konrad Bethmann, R. Orghici, E. Pichler, U. Zywietz, Thomas Schimdt, U. Gleißner, Christian Kelb, B. Roth, C. Reinhardt, U. Willer, W. Schade
{"title":"New design for a wavelength demultiplexing device","authors":"Konrad Bethmann, R. Orghici, E. Pichler, U. Zywietz, Thomas Schimdt, U. Gleißner, Christian Kelb, B. Roth, C. Reinhardt, U. Willer, W. Schade","doi":"10.1117/12.2183328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183328","url":null,"abstract":"Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) originally designed as demultiplexing device and manufactured with well established silicon wafer technology are already used successfully as compact spectrometers with high resolution1. In this paper, the concept of a new design for a wavelength demultiplexing device based on tailor-made polymers is presented. The motivation for a new design is a smaller footprint of the device and the avoidance of bended waveguides and the associated losses. Extensive simulations were performed to optimize the design. Using microscope projection lithography and hot embossing a first polymer based device was realized. Its characterization and the achieved performance in terms of resolution and covered wavelength range will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"9480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130855132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of UV-A radiation and hazard limits from some types of outdoor lamps","authors":"E. El-Moghazy, A. Abd-Elmageed, S. Reda","doi":"10.1117/12.2181065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181065","url":null,"abstract":"Illumination using artificial light sources is common in these days. Many manufactures are paying for the design of lamps depending on high efficacy and low UV hazards. This research is focusing on the most useable lamps in the Egyptian markets; High Pressure Mercury (HPM), Metal Halide (MH), and High Pressure Sodium (HPS). A set up for relative spectral power distribution based on single monochromator and UVA silicon detector for absolute irradiance measurements are used. The absolute irradiance in (W/m2) in UVA region of the lamps and their accompanied standard uncertainty are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133817394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ monitoring of drug release from therapeutic eluting polyelectrolyte multilayers under static and dynamic conditions","authors":"F. Tian, Jouha Min, J. Kanka, P. Hammond, H. Du","doi":"10.1117/12.2191683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2191683","url":null,"abstract":"The release profiles of gentamicin sulfate (GS) from [chitosan (CHI)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/GS/PAA]n polyelectrolyte multilayers were investigated in situ using an innovative lab-on-fiber (LOF) optofluidic platform that mimics physiologically relevant fluid flow in a microenvironment. The LOF was constructed by enclosing in a flow-enabled and optically coupled glass capillary a long-period fiber grating both as a substrate for LbL growth of [CHI/PAA/GS/PAA]n and a measurement probe for GS release. We show that the LOF is very robust in monitoring the construction of the [CHI/PAA/GS/PAA]n multilayers at monolayer resolution as well as evaluating the rate of GS release with high sensitivity. The release processes in the LOF under static and a range of dynamic conditions are evaluated, showing a faster release under dynamic condition than that under static condition due to the varying circumstance of GS concentration gradient and the effect of flow-induced shear at the medium-multilayer interface. The LOF platform has the potential to be a powerful test bed to facilitate the design and evaluation of drug-eluting polyelectrolyte thin films for their clinical insertion as part of patient care strategy.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125455303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grein, A. Kerman, E. Dauler, M. M. Willis, B. Romkey, R. Molnar, B. Robinson, D. V. Murphy, D. Boroson
{"title":"An optical receiver for the Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration based on photon-counting superconducting nanowires","authors":"M. Grein, A. Kerman, E. Dauler, M. M. Willis, B. Romkey, R. Molnar, B. Robinson, D. V. Murphy, D. Boroson","doi":"10.1117/12.2179781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179781","url":null,"abstract":"The Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration (LLCD) successfully demonstrated for the first time duplex laser communications between a lunar-orbiting satellite and ground stations on Earth with error-free downlink data rates up to 622 Mb/s utilizing an optical receiver based on photon-counting superconducting nanowires and operating near 1550 nm.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"9492 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possibility of the detection and identification of substance at long distance using the noisy reflected THz pulse under real conditions","authors":"V. Trofimov, S. A. Varentsova, V. Trofimov","doi":"10.1117/12.2177991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177991","url":null,"abstract":"We show possibility of the detection and identification of substance at long distance (several metres, for example) using the THz pulse reflected from the object under the real conditions: at room temperature and humidity of about 70%. The main feature of this report consists in a demonstration of the detection and identification of substance using the computer processing of the noisy THz pulse. Amplitude of the useful signal is less than the amplitude of a noise. Nevertheless, it is possible to detect “fingerprint” frequencies of substance if these frequencies are known and the SDA method is used together with new assessments for probability estimation for presence of detected frequencies. Essential restrictions of the commonly used THz TDS method for the detection and identification under real conditions (at long distance about 3.5 m and at a high relative humidity more than 50%) are demonstrated using the physical experiment with chocolate bar and thick paper bag. We show also that the THz TDS method detects spectral features of dangerous substances even in the THz signals measured in laboratory conditions (at distance 30-40 cm from the receiver and at a low relative humidity less than 2%); the n-Si and p-Si semiconductors were used as neutral substances. However, the integral correlation and likeness criteria, based on SDA method, allow us to detect the absence of dangerous substances in the samples. Current results show feasibility of using the discussed method of the THz pulsed spectroscopy for the counter-terrorism problem.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"9483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129987130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remote characterization of biological specimens using all-optical frequency-domain photoacoustic microscopy","authors":"A. Sampathkumar","doi":"10.1117/12.2177426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177426","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe a narrow-bandwidth generation and detection of photoacoustic (PA) signals in biological specimens using frequency-domain photoacoustics. An intensity-modulated laser was used for PA generation, and a homodyne Michelson interferometer coupled to a lock-in amplifier was used for optical PA detection. The amplitude and phase of the PA signal were measured at the modulation frequency as the frequency was swept over the bandwidth of interest. A synthesized pulse response was obtained using time-domain reconstruction and the absorber map was estimated using k-space reconstruction methods. Experimental results obtained from 500-μm graphite rods embedded in tissue-mimicking phantoms and slide-mounted tissue samples are presented along with their respective time-domain and time-reversal reconstruction maps.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114983603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hülsmann, C. Zech, Mathias Klenner, A. Tessmann, A. Leuther, D. Lopez-Diaz, M. Schlechtweg, O. Ambacher
{"title":"Radar system components to detect small and fast objects","authors":"A. Hülsmann, C. Zech, Mathias Klenner, A. Tessmann, A. Leuther, D. Lopez-Diaz, M. Schlechtweg, O. Ambacher","doi":"10.1117/12.2177017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177017","url":null,"abstract":"Small and fast objects, for example bullets of caliber 5 to 10 mm, fired from guns like AK-47, can cause serious problems to aircrafts in asymmetric warfare. Especially slow and big aircrafts, like heavy transport helicopters are an easy mark of small caliber hand fire weapons. These aircrafts produce so much noise, that the crew is not able to recognize an attack unless serious problems occur and important systems of the aircraft fail. This is just one of many scenarios, where the detection of fast and small objects is desirable. Another scenario is the collision of space debris particles with satellites.","PeriodicalId":438348,"journal":{"name":"Sensing Technologies + Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125212608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}