2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers最新文献

{"title":"Case Study: Design and Implementation of IEC 61850 From Multiple Vendors at CFE La Venta II","authors":"V.M. Flores, D. Espinosa, J. Alzate, D. Dolezilek","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359908","url":null,"abstract":"The IEC 61850 standard provides methods of developing best engineering practices for substation protection, integration, control, monitoring, metering, and testing. Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) chose to build their newest integrated transmission protection and control network with IEC 61850 and evaluated the technology for possible future inclusion into their design standards. The primary IEDs chosen for protection were selected from the devices that have been approved by the customer and that also support IEC 61850. For the La Venta II project, the primary focus was to include IEC 61850 devices from as many vendors as possible rather than using traditional design criteria. In addition to the primary protection and control equipment, the customer invited all vendors to submit IEDs to be connected to the network to demonstrate their ability to communicate IEC 61850. Additional IEDs were added in an auxiliary bay because the design constraints required that the core of the network be useful and effective; it is not a demonstration control system but a pilot project to gain experience with the new standard. This system integrated 24 devices from 9 different product platforms provided by 6 different vendors. The implementation was completed in four months and included newly released products from some vendors, involved staging device communications over the Internet, and relied on contributions from engineers in seven time zones. IEC 61850 is a very large standard with seven different protocols within it. End users implement different combinations of the protocols and the different features they provide. Therefore, it is important that end users not only specify that they want to use IEC 61850, but also what parts of the standard they want to use and, more importantly, how they want the system to perform. Throughout the implementation of this project, it became apparent that implementation details left to the discretion of the vendors and not dictated by the standard needed to be documented as requirements to attain the required system functionality. The following is a sample of these details: quantity of client/server associations to the device, quantity of peer-to-peer messages the device will publish or transmit, quantity of peer-to-peer messages the device will subscribe to or receive, number of characters allowed in the device name, run-time device diagnostics, configuration of the device via SCL (substation configuration language) XML files instead of settings","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125647398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windfarm System Protection Using Peer-to-Peer Communications","authors":"M. L. Reichard, D. Finney, J. T. Garrity, GE Energy, GE Multilin","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359921","url":null,"abstract":"Windfarm electrical systems present some unique challenges for protection. The grid tie and wind turbine generators provide multiple sources of fault currents to be considered. Collector feeders become isolated ungrounded systems during faults due to separation from the centralized collector bus reference ground. Ground faults on feeders will result in unfaulted phase voltages rising to line levels. In addition, severe transient overvoltages can be produced, which can degrade insulation, resulting in eventual equipment failure. This paper reviews the overall requirements for comprehensive windfarm protection. It also focuses on the particular problem of feeder ground faults. A novel, yet simple solution is presented that makes use of peer-to-peer (GOOSE) messaging via the IEC 61850 protocol. The characteristics of the GOOSE message are discussed with respect to speed and reliability and communications architecture is presented. The performance of the resulting protection scheme is quantified","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Based Protection Relays","authors":"A. Apostolov, B. Vandiver","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the new IEC 61850 international standard for communications in substations to implement the protection, automation and control of electric power systems. IEDs are multifunctional devices designed for substation protection, monitoring and control systems. The development and implementation of IEC 61850 based devices and substation automation systems requires a new generation of specialized test devices and methods for functional testing of different components of the system","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117062168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auxiliary DC Control Power System Design for Substations","authors":"M. Thompson, D. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359922","url":null,"abstract":"The most critical component of a protection, control, and monitoring system is the auxiliary DC control power system. Failure of the DC control power can render fault detection devices unable to detect faults, breakers unable to trip for faults, local and remote indication to become inoperable, etc. The auxiliary DC control power system consists of the battery, battery charger, distribution system, switching and protective devices, and any monitoring equipment. Proper sizing, design, and maintenance of the components that make up the auxiliary DC control system are required. Many references for stationary battery system design address only a specific battery technology, making it difficult to compare different types of batteries for their overall suitability to substation application. Also, most references do not address the particular requirements of the electrical substation environment and duty cycle. This paper provides an overall review of things to consider in designing the auxiliary DC control power system for an electrical substation","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126895867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AEP's Experiences in Implementing Standardized Protection and Control Solutions in its Transmission System.","authors":"J. Burger, H. Miller, C. Jones, M. Thakur","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359918","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has covered AEP's experience in researching and developing new transmission protection standards. Design criteria, protection standards philosophies, and standardization tools were discussed, along with the associated benefits that AEP have experienced. Finally, AEP's experience and observation on the benefits of new transmission protection standards were outlined and discussed. The new AEP protection standards have been successful in producing the expected benefits, and it is expected that these benefits will continue to grow in the years to come","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127318664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relay Performance During Major System Disturbances","authors":"D. Tziouvaras","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359905","url":null,"abstract":"Power systems in the United States and abroad experienced several wide-area disturbances in the last 15 years including the largest blackout on August 14, 2003, in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. and Ontario, Canada, which impacted millions of customers. On September 28, 2003, the Italian network was separated from the rest of Europe, and the whole country of Italy fell into darkness. The July 2, 1996, and August 10, 1996, major system disturbances in the western U.S. impacted millions of customers. All of these disturbances caused considerable loss of generation and loads and had a tremendous impact on customers and the economy in general. Typically, these disturbances take place when power systems are heavily loaded, are operated outside their intended design limits, and experience multiple outages within a short period of time. These wide-area disturbances are typically characterized by large power oscillations between neighboring utility systems, low network voltages, and consequent voltage or angular instability. The aim of this paper is to explain which relay systems are most prone to operate during stressed system conditions, and why relay systems operate, to share experiences and lessons learned from the past, and to suggest protection system improvements to lessen the impact of blackouts and hopefully lead us toward their prevention in the future","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127699839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Transformer Characteristics and Their Effects on Protective Relays","authors":"F. Mekić, R. Girgis, Z. Gajic, E. teNyenhuis","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359916","url":null,"abstract":"There are a variety of protective relays using different measuring techniques to provide reliable and secure transformer protection. This includes electro-mechanical, solid state and numerical relays. Within each group, various algorithms exist. Advancements made to transformer technology and design over the past 3 decades, have changed the characteristics of the transformer inrush current, and have often introduced incorrect operations in the existing harmonic restraint relays during energization","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121386699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status on the First IEC61850 Based Protection and Control, Multi-Vendor Project in the United States","authors":"J. Holbach, J. Rodríguez, C. Wester, D. Baigent, L. Frisk, S. Kunsman, L. Hossenlopp","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359907","url":null,"abstract":"The new IEC 61850 substation communication standard is almost two years old. Worldwide, there are already over one hundred substations that have been commissioned and running with this new standard. Several projects in North America have been implemented with IEC 61850 by using products from a single manufacturer. This paper will report on the status of a 500 kV project, which is the first multi-vendor project in the United States to use this new standard. The goal of the project is to utilize the new IEC 61850 standard to its fullest (as practically possible) therefore confirming that the standard is much more than just a communication protocol. Interoperability, one of the major advantages of IEC 61850, will be demonstrated. The focus of the paper is not to describe or explain the theoretical background of the standard itself but rather to show and demonstrate the practical use of an actual multi-vendor project and how the standard applies to protection engineers. In addition, the paper will describe to the relay engineers that an IEC 61850 based system must be considered an integral part of the protection and control system and not just another protocol integration for substation data/automation. The paper will describe the process that was developed and used during this project to configure the IEDs, clients, and the communication infrastructure as defined by the customer. The exchange of IED configuration data between different vendors was achieved by using the IEC 61850 defined substation configuration language (SCL). We will demonstrate how each vendors private tools can export data into a standard format and be integrated into a common product using standard tools as well. The meaning and the purpose of the standard ICD files (IED capability description) and SCD files (substation configuration description) will be explained. One goal of this project is to eliminate or significantly reduce wiring between the relays and between the control house and the breakers. The wire reductions are replaced with the communication infrastructure fulfilling the protection and control applications by exchanging IEC 61850 GOOSE messages over Ethernet (e.g. breaker position and protective trips). The paper will also cover test tools and procedures that were used to find and eliminate problems during the integration of the protection & control system and the new IEC 61850 standard. Lessons learned throughout the project will be discussed","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132125966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Two Concurrent Relaying System Failures","authors":"C. M. Martín","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359912","url":null,"abstract":"Protection system failures are sometimes hard to detect, especially in the case of electromechanical relays with no inherent self-testing or alarming. Many times it takes a misoperation of the protection system and the following investigation to discover the problem. At this point it is too late and the damage is already done. This paper examines an event on the TXU Electric Delivery system in which a critical customer, normally served by four 138 kV transmission lines, was left hanging on a single feed due to a fault and two relaying system failures. Subsequent investigation revealed that both relaying system failures had been present for extended periods of time. Data was available that, if analyzed properly, would have detected the failures and thus avoided the entire situation. The event, relaying failures, contributing factors, and how the situation could have been avoided are discussed, and recommendations for future changes are presented","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123346607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generator Black Start Validation Using Synchronized Phasor Measurement","authors":"K. Koellner, C. Anderson, R. Moxley","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359919","url":null,"abstract":"History has repeatedly demonstrated the need to start generating units without access to the external power grid. This \"black start\" ability speeds power system recovery from both system instabilities and natural disasters. Readiness for an actual black start condition can be demonstrated by bringing a generator up to speed and synchronizing it to the electric system without using any grid power for auxiliary functions. Salt River Project, based in Phoenix, Arizona, conducted an exercise using a number of hydroelectric generating stations and a thermal-generating station. This was a legitimate \"black start\" exercise because every part of the system connecting the hydro and thermal generation was fully isolated (islanded) from the Western Electric Coordinating Council (WECC) power grid. Synchronized phasor measurements, or synchrophasors, provided a real-time measurement of conditions during this black start exercise. Frequency and phase angles were monitored both within the island and on the WECC power grid. By using synchrophasor technology, frequency and phase angle in the two systems could be compared in real time without the use of a physical connection. This paper illustrates the use of synchrophasor data to view frequency stability, verify system independence, and observe the synchronization point. Phasor measurement units, together with synchrophasor collector and display software, provided valuable data to operators during the course of the exercise. This paper provides discussion of problems encountered, trade-offs made, and lessons learned during the exercise","PeriodicalId":438320,"journal":{"name":"2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130982247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}