2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)最新文献_第2页

WebAssembly versus JavaScript: Energy and Runtime Performance WebAssembly与JavaScript:能源和运行时性能

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00014

João de Macedo, Rui Abreu, Rui Pereira, J. Saraiva

{"title":"WebAssembly versus JavaScript: Energy and Runtime Performance","authors":"João de Macedo, Rui Abreu, Rui Pereira, J. Saraiva","doi":"10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00014","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide Web has dramatically evolved in recent years. Web pages are dynamic, expressed by programs written in common programming languages given rise to sophisticated Web applications. Thus, Web browsers are almost operating systems, having to interpret/compile such programs and execute them. Although JavaScript is widely used to express dynamic Web pages, it has several shortcomings and performance inefficiencies. To overcome such limitations, major IT powerhouses are developing a new portable and size/load efficient language: WebAssembly.In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study on the energy and run-time performance of WebAssembly and JavaScript on the Web. We used micro-benchmarks and also real applications in order to have more realistic results. Preliminary results show that WebAssembly, while still in its infancy, is starting to already outperform JavaScript, with much more room to grow. A statistical analysis indicates that WebAssembly produces significant performance differences compared to JavaScript. However, these differences differ between micro-benchmarks and real-world benchmarks. Our results also show that WebAssembly improved energy efficiency by 30%, on average, and showed how different WebAssembly behaviour is among three popular Web Browsers: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox. Our findings indicate that WebAssembly is faster than JavaScript and even more energy-efficient. Additionally, our benchmarking framework is also available to allow further research and replication.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128917585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Sponsor, Supporter, and Contributing Organization 赞助者、支持者及贡献组织

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00030

引用次数: 0

Sustainability in Agile Software Development: A Survey Study among Practitioners 敏捷软件开发中的可持续性:实践者的调查研究

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00013

Peter Bambazek, Iris Groher, N. Seyff

{"title":"Sustainability in Agile Software Development: A Survey Study among Practitioners","authors":"Peter Bambazek, Iris Groher, N. Seyff","doi":"10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is one of the most discussed topics across different disciplines. In software engineering, various sustainability definitions and approaches have been proposed and discussed in recent years. However, little is known about how agile processes support the development of sustainable software systems.In this study, we investigate how sustainability can be incorporated into agile software development processes, especially within the Scrum framework, and how this framework might be extended to support the consideration of sustainability.We present the results of a survey, in which we asked the participating practitioners how the elements of the Scrum framework can be used and adapted to address sustainability issues. In our research, we are especially interested in the different roles, events, and artefacts defined in the Scrum Guide and how they can support sustainable development.The results show that the practitioners see high potential for considering the sustainability impacts of software systems within Scrum, although not all the elements of the framework are equally suitable for all aspects of sustainability. We also make recommendations on how to address sustainability in Scrum.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128452892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An Impact Inheritance Approach to the Estimation of the Carbon Footprints of Economic Activities 经济活动碳足迹估算的影响继承方法

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00025

Francis Charpentier

{"title":"An Impact Inheritance Approach to the Estimation of the Carbon Footprints of Economic Activities","authors":"Francis Charpentier","doi":"10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00025","url":null,"abstract":"One of the applications where ICT has a positive effect to fight climate change is the calculation and monitoring of carbon footprints of economic activities both at macroeconomic scales and at product level scales. Using an intuitive graph description of economic exchanges, this paper revisits Leontief’s mathematical framework of economic input output economics used to calculate the consumption footprint of the final demand of country-wide economies. In addition to the classical production structure approach of Leontief’s linear framework, a linear impact inheritance approach is introduced, based on the tracing and the integration of carbon emissions along the economic value chains. For both approaches, we derive simple formulas to calculate the production footprints of all intermediate production sectors. Doing that with the impact inheritance approach requires the analysis of looping economic supplies and leads to the definition of a systemic looping factor for each economic activity, which in turn can also be calculated with the production approach, under certain conditions. Using eigenvector analysis, it is possible to consider a fully looped economy whereby final demand is viewed as a supplier of workforce to the production sectors. Using these various formulas and tools, we derive different ways to share the allocation of emissions between the final demand and the intermediate production sectors. In addition to the closed form formulas that are appropriate for low dimensionality modelling of the economy, graph processing algorithms can be introduced to treat graphs with a higher number of nodes, opening the perspective of calculating footprints with fine-grained descriptions of the economy.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129332336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decarbonization Potential of Building Automation: Results of a German Study and Outlook 楼宇自动化的脱碳潜力:德国研究结果与展望

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00023

S. Beucker, Simon Hinterholzer

{"title":"Decarbonization Potential of Building Automation: Results of a German Study and Outlook","authors":"S. Beucker, Simon Hinterholzer","doi":"10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption for heating, cooling, and warm water production in the building sector is a major source of CO2 emissions in Europe. Building automation and control systems (BACS), using ICT-based monitoring and management applications to reduce energy consumption, have long been considered a key technology to improve efficiency in the building sector but CO2 abatement potential is unclear. Most studies on the technology either use a vague definition of BACS or calculate on the basis of insufficiently evaluated applications and efficiency potential. This paper builds on a study previously conducted by the authors that analyzed CO2 reduction potential (Mt CO2 emissions saved) from clearly defined application scenarios of BACS in the residential and non-residential building sectors in Germany. Effects were calculated using secured efficiency factors derived from standards (EN ISO 15232, etc.). The methodological approach and the results of this study were subsequently used to apply the ETSI/ITU framework, in particular to evaluate application scenarios of building automation. Through application of the ETSI/ITU framework, the authors also draw preliminary conclusions for CO2 mitigation strategies in the building sectors of other European member states by discussing possible use of the framework for other housing and heating structures.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125732954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From micro behaviors to macro effects – Agent Based Modeling of environmental awareness spread and its effects on critical resource consumption 从微观行为到宏观效应——基于Agent的环境意识传播模型及其对关键资源消耗的影响

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00021

G. Sissa, Giovanni Franza

引用次数: 0

Energy cost and accuracy impact of k-anonymity k-匿名的能量成本和准确性影响

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00018

Ana Oprescu, Sander Misdorp, Koen van Elsen

{"title":"Energy cost and accuracy impact of k-anonymity","authors":"Ana Oprescu, Sander Misdorp, Koen van Elsen","doi":"10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00018","url":null,"abstract":"European Union has aggregated the current societal concerns into two seemingly orthogonal directions: the Green Deal and the GDPR. In this paper, we begin to analyse trade-offs in preserving privacy, learning from the data, and saving energy. Considerable research studied the energy efficiency of software and the accuracy of machine learning models trained on anonymised datasets. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research has been conducted on the impact of anonymisation techniques on energy consumption. We measure the impact of anonymisation on the energy consumption and on the accuracy of machine learning models.We find that the k-value has a statistically significant impact on the energy consumption of the chosen anonymization algorithms. In terms of the accuracy of machine learning models, the generalization and suppression performs better in almost all cases, provided that proper anonymization hierarchies are used in the anonymization process. However, we find that for the larger and more complex dataset, the reduction in accuracy is limited while there is a significant difference in energy consumption. Thus when considering energy consumption we conclude that for larger datasets it might be worthwhile to consider using microaggregation over generalization and suppression.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128365524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Designing a Mobility Intelligence System for Decision-making with Shared Mobility Data 基于共享移动数据的移动智能决策系统设计

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00017

Lukas Bohm, F. Peters, Paul Bossauer, Dennis Lawo, Christina Pakusch, G. Stevens

{"title":"Designing a Mobility Intelligence System for Decision-making with Shared Mobility Data","authors":"Lukas Bohm, F. Peters, Paul Bossauer, Dennis Lawo, Christina Pakusch, G. Stevens","doi":"10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4s55073.2022.00017","url":null,"abstract":"Shared mobility has the potential to become an important driver for sustainable mobility. However, the rapid growth of services in already congested urban areas presents cities with major challenges. It becomes apparent that cities lack tools to manage mobility across all shared mobility services. We propose a mobility intelligence system for cities to leverage the vast amounts of data generated by shared fleets for decision-making. The system is designed to support cities in monitoring, regulating, and optimizing shared mobility. A dashboard provides access to data across all different services. Besides tools for regulating providers, e.g., with no-parking zones, we also provide access to mobility-specific machine learning methods, such as demand prediction. We rely on open source standards for data sharing between cities and providers to facilitate collaboration. The system is designed and implemented as a prototype based on requirements from discussions with cities, public transport agencies, and mobility researchers. As part of the evaluation, eight shared mobility experts tested the system. The results validate the system’s usability for three task scenarios while also revealing potential for future research and development.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115236122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-Centric Green AI An Exploratory Empirical Study 以数据为中心的绿色人工智能:探索性实证研究

2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICT4S55073.2022.00015

R. Verdecchia, Luis Cruz, June Sallou, Michelle Lin, James Wickenden, Estelle Hotellier

{"title":"Data-Centric Green AI An Exploratory Empirical Study","authors":"R. Verdecchia, Luis Cruz, June Sallou, Michelle Lin, James Wickenden, Estelle Hotellier","doi":"10.1109/ICT4S55073.2022.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT4S55073.2022.00015","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies have focused on demonstrating how AI energy efficiency can be improved by tuning the model training strategy. Nevertheless, how modifications applied to datasets can impact the energy consumption of AI is still an open question.To fill this gap, in this exploratory study, we evaluate if data-centric approaches can be utilized to improve AI energy efficiency. To achieve our goal, we conduct an empirical experiment, executed by considering 6 different AI algorithms, a dataset comprising 5,574 data points, and two dataset modifications (number of data points and number of features).Our results show evidence that, by exclusively conducting modifications on datasets, energy consumption can be drastically reduced (up to 92.16%), often at the cost of a negligible or even absent accuracy decline. As additional introductory results, we demonstrate how, by exclusively changing the algorithm used, energy savings up to two orders of magnitude can be achieved.In conclusion, this exploratory investigation empirically demonstrates the importance of applying data-centric techniques to improve AI energy efficiency. Our results call for a research agenda that focuses on data-centric techniques, to further enable and democratize Green AI.","PeriodicalId":437454,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126162603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14