Decarbonization Potential of Building Automation: Results of a German Study and Outlook

Energy consumption for heating, cooling, and warm water production in the building sector is a major source of CO2 emissions in Europe. Building automation and control systems (BACS), using ICT-based monitoring and management applications to reduce energy consumption, have long been considered a key technology to improve efficiency in the building sector but CO2 abatement potential is unclear. Most studies on the technology either use a vague definition of BACS or calculate on the basis of insufficiently evaluated applications and efficiency potential. This paper builds on a study previously conducted by the authors that analyzed CO2 reduction potential (Mt CO2 emissions saved) from clearly defined application scenarios of BACS in the residential and non-residential building sectors in Germany. Effects were calculated using secured efficiency factors derived from standards (EN ISO 15232, etc.). The methodological approach and the results of this study were subsequently used to apply the ETSI/ITU framework, in particular to evaluate application scenarios of building automation. Through application of the ETSI/ITU framework, the authors also draw preliminary conclusions for CO2 mitigation strategies in the building sectors of other European member states by discussing possible use of the framework for other housing and heating structures.