Reviews in Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Futures, intimacies, animisms: Unfinished anthropologies in the twenty-first century","authors":"S. Collins","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2018.1507313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2018.1507313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay explores recent work in future-oriented anthropology that develops emancipatory, anticipatory, multi-modal, and participatory approaches. Through critiquing hegemonic assumptions in anthropology and in Western modernity, these works evoke both present complexity and future potentiality. Ultimately, the essay explores these works as redemptive strategies for an anthropology besieged by intolerance and authoritarianism while grappling with its colonialist underpinnings.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"47 1","pages":"39 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2018.1507313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46972908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s introduction","authors":"M. Harkin","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2018.1504416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2018.1504416","url":null,"abstract":"The history of anthropology in North America is very closely intertwined with Native cultures in the United States and Canada. As Pauline Turner Strong observes, the first generation of American anthropologists were in a state of “panic” about culture loss, and thus the mad rush to collect anything and everything: word lists, texts, artifacts and art, even human remains. Through much of the 20th century, anthropology in fact rested on an assumed acculturationist foundation: Native cultures were disappearing, both in North America and elsewhere, and this process could be studied, even ameliorated, but fundamentally, indigenous peoples would increasingly adapt and conform to the modern, globalized world. This assumption was not, of course, shared by Native people themselves, who always believed that they maintained a connection with the ancestors, one that may have been frayed, often through deliberate policies of the settler colonial states (language loss being the most obvious example), but that much had remained, and much could be recovered. Indeed, the Iroquois prophecy of the seventh generation, a belief widely held in Indian Country, states that sovereignty and stewardship of the earth would be returned to the seventh generation (after contact with Europeans) of Native people. In the era of climate change, water protectors, and Trump, it is hard not to see the appeal of that prophecy. Native peoples in North America have long sought means to express indigeneity and sovereignty in the face of settler colonial society and globalization. The Ho-Chunk (previously known as Winnebago), a Siouan people traditionally inhabiting much of the upper Midwest, but today confined to Wisconsin, are a good example of the maintenance of cultural practices in the face of settler colonialism. Through warrior societies and other esoteric cultural practices, they have, as Nesper says, been able to maintain cultural and social reproduction. A practice more visible to outsiders is the Pow-wow, which, as in other Native communities, is the fundamental means not only of maintaining cultural practices, but expressing them to the outside world. Pow-wows are not sacred, and have become commercialized over time, essentially as a way of including outsiders on","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2018.1504416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45208601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origins of the first Americans: Before and after the Anzick genome","authors":"S. Fiedel","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2018.1443375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2018.1443375","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent analyses of the preserved ancient genomes of the Mal’ta boy and Anzick infant have transformed our understanding of Native Americans’ origins. The Mal’ta genome shows that about one-third of Native American genetic ancestry is derived from admixture, about fifteen to twenty thousand years ago, of East Asians with a now-vanished population of interior southern Siberia. Living Native Americans are demonstrably the direct descendants of the people who made and used Clovis tools and buried the Anzick infant in Montana ca. 12,800 cal B.P. The profound implications of these data for the origins of the first Americans should be obvious. However, as evidenced by the books reviewed here, archaeologists appear largely unaware of these data and their now-standard but unsubstantiated narratives of pre-Clovis coastal migrations remain unaffected.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"164 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2018.1443375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staging an encounter between anthropology and philosophy: Hits and misses in the work of Michael Jackson","authors":"James K. A. Smith","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2017.1408394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2017.1408394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review essay assesses Michael Jackson’s ongoing project of staging an encounter between anthropology and philosophy in two books: Lifeworlds (2013) and As Wide as the World Is Wise (2016). Considering his philosophical enrichment of ethnographic theory and method, this essay addresses foundational questions about the prospects and practices of interdisciplinary engagement. It also suggests future avenues for continued dialogue between philosophy and anthropology.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"151 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2017.1408394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s introduction","authors":"M. Harkin","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2018.1448243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2018.1448243","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropology and philosophy intertwine like the strands of DNA, twisting and crossing paths with frequency over millennia. At the very dawn of what we consider to be Western philosophy, Socrates, as described by Plato, applies an evolutionary model to understanding political forms. In Book VIII of The Republic, Plato describes a succession of political formations that follow the overthrow of aristocracy leading, penultimately, to democracy and then finally descending into tyranny. I would remark that, from the perspective of 2018, this model seems superior to that developed by 19th-century anthropologists, although a certain resemblance to the brooding conclusion to Morgan’s Ancient Society can be seen. The first self-proclaimed academic anthropologist was the philosopher Immanuel Kant, who lectured on the topic for 25 years. Although he would have little direct influence on the subsequent professional development of the discipline, certainly his influence on later philosophers, such as Herder and Dilthey, who would in turn help shape anthropology, was great. For most of its history as a separate discipline, anthropology actively eschewed philosophy, even when working on similar problems. There were a few exceptions: Herbert Spencer, who synthesized a philosophy of evolution, influenced the first generation of anthropologists. However, Franz Boas, a colleague and friend of John Dewey, with whom he who co-taught a seminar on comparative ethics at Columbia University, never mentions that connection in his publications, even The Mind of Primitive Man, which covered much the same territory as the seminar presumably did (Harkin 2017). Ruth Benedict was perhaps the only prominent American anthropologist to explicitly draw on philosophical thought, most notably Nietzsche’s Dionysian-Apollonian duality, and gestalt theory. But for the most part anthropologists were eager to identify rather with social science and science writ large, than what was seen by many as a vestigial discipline. This mutual avoidance began to break down mid-century, in part by the post-war translation of French anthropology and philosophy into English. French anthropology has always been more aware of, and willing to engage with, philosophy. Most important, from the Anglophone perspective, was Claude Lévi-Strauss, a philosophy student as an undergraduate, who throughout his writings engages with the French philosophical tradition (Descartes, Rousseau, Bergson) and with the most prominent school of none defined","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"147 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2018.1448243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59028211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some approaches to traditional Māori knowledge","authors":"Jim C. Williams","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2018.1448686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2018.1448686","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this essay I review two books of rather different focus, but with a common thread that is oral tradition: age-old tales passed orally down the generations to maintain the histories and used to educate the young. The focus of the Metge book is traditional methods of education, while McRae’s focus is on the stories themselves.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"180 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2018.1448686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board EOV","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2018.1462015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2018.1462015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"ebi - ebi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2018.1462015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42145254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dithering while the planet burns: Anthropologists’ approaches to the Anthropocene","authors":"Alf Hornborg","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2017.1343023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2017.1343023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review article argues that styles of thinking and writing recently encouraged in the environmental humanities are not conducive to analytical clarity, theoretical rigor, or effective critique of the practices and discourses that generate global inequalities and unsustainability. Critically discussing how global environmental change is being approached in anthropology and other human sciences, it concludes that the haziness, inconsistency, and inaccessibility of so-called posthuman deliberations on the Anthropocene ultimately serve to promote the destructive economic forces that are responsible for such change. A recent attempt to bring together approaches from posthumanism and Marxism is also deeply flawed, failing to present a coherent theoretical outlook on the environmental history of capitalism. The article argues for more responsible efforts to build interdisciplinary theory of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"61 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2017.1343023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequality and the return to structure in anthropology","authors":"N. Håkansson","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2017.1359037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2017.1359037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The four books under review are all more or less explicitly critical of the impact of post-modernism on socio-cultural anthropology and archaeology. They all call for the building of anthropology by reconnecting to the earlier traditions of structural and comparative analysis. Although spanning both socio-cultural anthropology and archaeology, they set the focus clearly on the pervasive influence of inequality on social processes. The different authors demonstrate the explanatory power of concepts such as class, surplus, inequality, and structure for a multitude of contexts from prehistoric foragers to neo-liberal market ideologies.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"106 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2017.1359037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass violence, trauma, and their children","authors":"Christopher C. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2017.1359043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2017.1359043","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article concerns the social construction of collective memory particularly with regard to the social remembering of mass violence and trauma. How do individual memories of mass violence which are often idiosyncratic, nonverbal, and embodied coalesce and crystallize into coherent narratives shared by a group. The books reviewed here demonstrate that there are both discursive means of remembering and non-discursive means of remembering. Social memories can take narrative and textual form or they can take performative and ritual form. How does the non-discursive interact with the discursive and do these interactions depend upon varying social, political, and cultural circumstances? An encompassing theoretical issue is addressed in this literature concerning the adequacy of sociological and anthropological models in the elucidation of trauma memory vs. psychological models which place emphasis on the individual. Subsumed within this question is an inquiry into the adequacies and inadequacies of Western clinical models, such as the PTSD model, in explaining trauma due to mass violence, and the opposition frequently noted among survivors between silence and verbalization. Numerous ethnographic examples are considered in this article but particular attention is paid to the Nazi, Cambodian, and Rwandan genocides.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":"125 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2017.1359043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}